1. Soil management.
The first is to tidy up the tree disk. The tree tray is arranged with the main trunk of the pear tree as the center, which can retain water and fertilizer. The size of the tree disk should be more than 50 cm outside the vertical projection of the crown. The second is ploughing. Deep ploughing once in autumn with a depth of 20-40cm, mowing more than 3 times in spring, summer and autumn combined with orchard grass, and covering the tree after picking fruits.
2. Fertilization management.
The basal fertilizer was applied in time after the pear fruit harvest in the autumn of the previous year. 40% of the total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year, 100kg per plant. Before spring germination, the fast-acting fertilizer with high nitrogen content can be applied to the tree tray, and some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be supplemented in June. Combined with underground fertilization, foliar fertilization was carried out 3 times in the aboveground part combined with pesticide application.
3. Natural grass.
After several years of screening, there are many natural grass species in the orchard, but the grass species suitable for natural grass in the orchard of Gaoping City mainly include mangweed, dandelion, purple lily, small nest cabbage, rehmannia root, plantain, coriander, attached ground cabbage, tricholia, summer solstice grass and other wild grass species are excellent grasses for natural grass in the orchard. Natural grasses in particular can increase the biodiversity of orchard ecosystems, and natural grasses are selected for every 0067h can save about 300 yuan.
4. Water irrigation.
It is determined according to the water requirements, climatic characteristics and soil moisture changes of each phenological period of the pear tree in a year. Pear trees need more water in the early stage, and Gaoping City has more spring drought and drought, so the following periods of irrigation should be emphasized, namely germination irrigation, flowering irrigation, spring shoot growth period irrigation, fruit expansion period irrigation, and later autumn irrigation. Irrigation methods: surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, cave irrigation.
5. Pruning management.
Winter pruning: After the leaves of the fruit trees have fallen in winter and before bud germination in the following spring. Spring pruning: After bud germination and before flowering. Summer pruning: generally carried out on young trees, the amount of pruning should be moderate, and the time should be appropriate according to the local phenological situation and method. Autumn pruning: Done after the fall shoots will stop or grow.
6. Pest control.
Based on agricultural and physical control, biological control as the core, in accordance with the occurrence law of pests and diseases, the scientific use of chemical control technology, economical, safe and effective control of pests and diseases. Principle of drug use: According to the biological characteristics and hazard characteristics of the control object, the use of bio-derived pesticides, mineral-derived pesticides and low-toxicity organic synthetic pesticides is allowed. In the dormant period, water frozen water to improve the stress resistance of fruit trees, scrape off the old bark, spray 5 Baumé stone sulfur mixture in the whole garden before germination, spray into a leaching shape, and spray the ground. Spray insecticides + fungicides before flowering, after flowering, and in the growing season, (insecticides can be pyrethroids, emamectin abamectin, pyridazia, mascarameth, etc., and fungicides can be used fluorosili, benzocycline, pentyl alcohol, methyl tobuzin, thiophanate-methyl, etc.) to control pear psyllid, pear scab, rust and other pests and diseases. After picking the fruit, the whole garden should be sprayed with chlorpyrifos + carbendazim + 03% urea. After the leaves are dropped, the old bark is scraped and the trunk is painted white.
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