Reporter Shi Fang.
In an alley near the east gate of Beihai Park, red lanterns are hung high, creating a festive atmosphere. Photo by Song Jiaru (Image China).
The Hutong sand table on display at the Shijia Hutong Museum. Photo by Su Weizhong (Image China) Chart data**: Beijing Municipal Urban Management Committee.
Qingyun Hutong No. 23-29 courtyard inside the symbiosis of new and old materials. Summer solstice (people's vision).
The corner of the renovated Langman Hutong. Photo by Wang Shiqiang (Image China).
There are three thousand six big alleys, and small alleys are like cow hair. "Beijing's hutongs have been around for hundreds of years and are a microcosm of the development and change of the ancient capital.
In recent years, Beijing has continued to promote the refinement and improvement of back streets and alleys, and has made great efforts in embroidery: "overhead lines into the ground" make the skyline beautiful, "hutongs do not stop" to calm life, and "toilet revolution" makes the living environment beautiful. Whether it is spring, summer or autumn and winter, walking in the alley of gray tiles and green bricks, the ancient charm and the new look are blended and symbiotic, so that the best people will not want to return.
History and culture are the soul of a city. The historical and cultural relics of the city are the accumulation of the wisdom of the predecessors and an important symbol of the connotation, quality and characteristics of the city. Beijing has integrated the renovation and upgrading of the old city with the protection of historical relics and the preservation of historical context, so as to better integrate history, culture and modern life, so that the city can retain its memory and let people remember nostalgia.
Editor: Langman Hutong.
Transformation gathers public opinion.
The old street has a new look.
Located in the Fayuan Temple Historical and Cultural District, Niujie Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, Langman Hutong was formed in the Ming Dynasty and is the most important north-south alley in the block. In June 2018, the renovation project of Langman Hutong was launched, including the vacancy of some houses, the improvement of municipal infrastructure, the improvement of the Hutong landscape, the renovation and repair of the façade along the street, and the transformation and upgrading of business formats.
Smooth and clean stone paths, hand-painted graffiti in an artistic style, and intricately designed flower ponds ......Walking into the more than 300-meter-long Langman Hutong, there are attractive scenery everywhere, revealing leisure and tranquility.
On the west side of the alley, the modern poem "Pigeon" is written on the yellow and blue glass curtain wall, and behind the wall, several carrier pigeons jump and fly around from time to time, adding a bit of agility to the quiet alley. Chen Zhongyi, who is nearly sixty years old, has lived in No. 105 Ranman Hutong since he was born and has witnessed the changes of the Hutong. In 2013, when he first raised pigeons, he made a nest out of planks and wire, covered with asbestos tiles to protect himself from the rain, which was very simple.
In 2018, when he heard that the Hutong had started to be renovated and upgraded, Chen Zhongyi muttered in his heart: "I'm afraid this pigeon loft won't be able to keep it!" The designers who participated in the renovation of the hutong gave him a "reassurance": the pigeon represents the old Beijing culture, and it is not only necessary to continue to raise it, but also to "comprehensively upgrade" the pigeon nest. Soon, more than 30 of Chen Zhongyi's pigeons moved into a "new home" made of solid wood, which was spacious and transparent.
Overhead lines into the ground, rain and sewage diversion, public toilet renovation ......Li Jingli, a resident of Langman Hutong, really feels the benefits of the hutong renovation: "The public toilets are equipped with exhaust, air conditioning and heating systems, and there are special people to clean them, which are much cleaner than in the past, and everyone praises them." ”
Behind the change is the application of many new technologies. During the construction, the municipal pipeline adopts new pipelines and inspection wells, and the space occupied by the well wall is reduced by nearly 2 3, and the construction speed is increased by 10 times; Integrated linear drainage grooves are used on both sides of the road surface to achieve no water accumulation in heavy rain; Three 5G smart light poles are erected in the alley, integrating safety monitoring, community information release and wifi; The use of photovoltaic power generation tiles to provide clean energy for street landscape lighting; An ecological septic tank has been built in the courtyard to improve the living environment of residents. "After the renovation, the gate has been equipped with access control, the space for cooking has been freed, many problems such as heating, sewerage, and fire protection have been solved, and the comfort and sense of security in the alley have been guaranteed. Resident Bu Shikun said.
Hutong renovation involves thousands of households, what should I do if residents disagree? The "Public Opinion Meeting Room" was set up in Langman Hutong, inviting residents to participate in the whole process and fully listen to the public opinion and voice. Since the renovation, more than 100 consultations have been held, and residents have actively contributed ideas and solved problems one by one.
Parking difficulties used to be a "heart disease" for many residents. "In order to grab parking spaces, everyone uses broken furniture and waste bicycles to occupy spaces. In the event of an emergency, it is difficult for fire trucks and ambulances to get in. Li Gang, Secretary of the Party Committee of Fayuansi Community, Niujie Street, Xicheng District, introduced that the street did everything possible to coordinate and share parking spaces around it, and used idle vacant land to build three-dimensional parking spaces. Accustomed to free parking in front of their homes, residents were initially unimpressed by the treatment plan. Starting from the governance to ensure traffic safety, improve the order of the hutongs, and improve the living environment, the streets go door-to-door to listen to opinions and solve problems, so that the hustle and bustle of the hustle and bustle can be "quiet". Facing the new home, resident Song Xinglan sincerely sighed: "The renovation of the Hutong not only pays attention to the protection of historical and cultural heritage, but also solves the practical problems we care about. ”
Shijia Hutong. Carry the charm of the city.
Treasure the years together.
Shijia Hutong is located in the Dongsi South Historical and Cultural District, Chaoyangmen Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, and is one of the oldest Hutongs in Beijing. Most of the houses in Shijia Hutong are traditional houses, and there are more than 80 bungalow courtyards that have survived, and about 30 of them are complete and large-scale. In the list of winners of the 2017 Chinese Habitat Environment Award, the "Public Participation in the Protection and Renewal of Dongsi South Historic District" project was among them, and Shijia Hutong No. 45 Courtyard is the most typical case of this project.
Walk into the No. 45 courtyard of Shijia Hutong, located in.
The hanging flower gate between the first and second courtyards divides the courtyard into two parts: inner and outer. The eaves pillar hanging down from the dignified hanging flower door hangs in the air, and a flower is carved on the column, and the pattern of the flower is clear. Hui Xiaoxi, a teacher at Beijing University of Technology and the person in charge of the design of the renovation of Courtyard 45, said: "This gate was originally decayed, but it was later surveyed and mapped by a 3D scanner and finely restored according to the process of repairing ancient buildings, which has become a beautiful scenery in the courtyard." ”
The successful renovation of No. 45 Courtyard is a typical case of the concept of gradual renewal and upgrading of Beijing's historical and cultural districts. In Shijia Hutong, there are many such renovations.
Walking into the No. 24 courtyard of Shijia Hutong, there is a plaque of "Shijia Hutong Museum" hanging on the gate of the golden pillar. Push open the courtyard door, there are two tall plane trees growing in the courtyard, and there are bird cages hanging under the eaves.
It's hard to imagine that before the renovation, it was a dilapidated place: crooked beams, peeling wall paint, and ...... pitted tilesIn 2010, after soliciting the opinions of residents, the traditional regulations were continued to be retained in the renovation, insisting on the use of old materials, and using traditional old crafts such as grinding bricks and joints. The more than 8,000 old bricks paved in the front yard are the exterior wall bricks from the original site in the main building, as if telling the long history of the old Beijing hutongs.
On October 18, 2013, an antique museum was presented in front of the old neighborhood of Hutong, becoming the first Hutong cultural museum rooted in the community in Beijing. Ma Yuming, director of the Shijia Hutong Museum, introduced that since the completion of the museum, it has always adhered to the positioning of the cultural exhibition hall, the residents' living room and the community meeting hall, with a total of 8 exhibition halls, including the history of the historian, modern education, and the new appearance of the century, etc., which will bring together the culture of the old Beijing Hutong, the changes of the Shijia Hutong, and the history of Beijing's human art. In the middle of the history exhibition hall, there is a sand table of Shijia Hutong seven or eight meters long and two or three meters wide, and 130 courtyards with gray walls and gray tiles are neatly arranged, with a panoramic view.
The museum has successively collected old furniture, old ** and other old objects from Hutong residents, and invited artists to carry out the "Hutong Voice" project, recording and collecting the sound of insects and selling in the Hutong, and cherishing the years of common life of Hutong residents. A 100-square-meter room of the museum has been renovated into a community meeting hall, a residents' meeting room and an activity lecture hall, which plays the role of displaying community culture and carrying out various popular education activities.
Since March 2017, the Chaoyangmen Sub-district Office has invited the Beijing Institute of Urban Planning and Design to jointly operate the Shijia Hutong Museum, expanding it into a long-term residency for responsible planners and a practice base for promoting neighborhood renewal and community building. Today, the Shijia Hutong Museum is also a venue for community events, with many exciting activities curated for the surrounding residents and the general public – exhibitions, forums, lectures, crafts, photography, oral history, design week, ......Meng Zihan, deputy director of the Chaoyangmen Sub-district Office, said that the establishment of the museum not only protects the traditional Hutong culture, but also integrates tradition and modernity, so that the courtyard can better integrate into modern life and continue to shine.
In addition to the museum, there are also 6 different forms of micro gardens in Shijia Hutong, all of which are based on the concept of participatory design, jointly created by community residents and teachers and students of the ** Academy of Fine Arts, and won the Excellence Award of the International Landscape Society in 2020. Among them, the owner of the "Wall Root Garden" is Aunt Zong, who is in her 80s, creating a leisurely life scene of "flowers and branches half leaning against the wall, and a variety of melons in the garden". The owner of the "Old Time Garden" is Uncle Xu's family, and the designer has transformed pickle cans, old bricks in alleys, old flower pots, bird cages, and discarded glass, with corresponding flowers and vegetables, and added wooden shelves and small benches, making the yard full of life and memories of the times. "The implementation of the micro-garden project can effectively promote the implementation of planning, activate community vitality, improve urban governance, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of local residents to participate in block protection and green micro-renewal. * Hou Xiaolei, a professor at the School of Architecture of the Academy of Fine Arts, said.
Qingyun Hutong. Architectural superposition symbiosis.
Reshaping the space for aesthetic education.
Qingyun Hutong is located in Qianmen East District, Dongcheng District, Beijing, and has become an important soil for the integration and development of various opera genres in Beijing since the mid-to-late Qing Dynasty, and is also one of the areas with a clear and continuous urban texture in Beijing. Since May 2018, Qingyun Hutong has been "restoratively built". In accordance with the research of historical materials and architectural forms, combined with the development orientation of the block, new materials, new technologies and new processes are appropriately adopted to restore the urban texture. After the renovation and renovation of Qingyun Hutong, traditional style and fashion elements coexist, and historical charm and modern atmosphere are integrated.
Walking into Qingyun Hutong, Courtyard A 23-29 is very different from other old courtyards. This courtyard not only retains the ancient bricks and gray tiles of the alley itself, but also is full of the atmosphere of modern architecture.
According to Li Ji, the designer in charge of the Hutong renovation, Qingyun Hutong No. 23-29 courtyard is composed of a number of different parts, condensing the rich historical memories of different eras. Its southern courtyard is only one lane away from the theater building of the Pigment Hall, where Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang once lived.
"Restorative construction" is an important concept proposed in the Beijing Urban Master Plan (2016-2035), which requires that the protection of old cities should be preserved through vacancy and restorative construction, so as to preserve valuable historical information to the greatest extent. After in-depth historical research, the design team selected some of the damaged buildings for restoration. At the same time, by opening the courtyard wall and introducing a series of "micro alleys" into the courtyard, a spatial community with courtyards and courtyards that are set together and flows as a whole is formed, so that the defective urban space texture is reshaped.
During the renovation, the designer carried out necessary reinforcement and repair of some buildings to restore their structural strength. Several groups of large bluestone pillar bases of Mei Lanfang's former residence excavated from the rubble were relocated. Other old objects and materials scattered around the perimeter - old cornerstones, old bricks, tiles, etc., were collected and mixed into the new walls and floors as fragments of time.
In the middle of the brick wall of the restored house, a large number of glass bricks were inserted. New materials and old materials tell the changes of the times, and together weave memories of time that can be touched. At the same time, the weathering steel is used as the main intervention material to close the air leakage hole on the red brick wall, and the internal structure is reinforced by the same type of new angle steel and the old beam and column angle steel butt. "Standing in the restored courtyard, looking in any direction, the range of vision is not the traditional houses of blue bricks and gray tiles, the architectural style is mixed from the old houses of the Ming and Qing dynasties to the factories of the sixties and seventies of the last century, the height is scattered, and there is a unique sense of beauty. Wang Zitong, a tourist who came to visit, said.
Each courtyard is implanted with different atmospheres of catering, culture, display, and performing arts functions, as well as landscape cafes and shade terraces open to the Sanli River at the front gate, forming a rich leisure and cultural cluster on the north bank of Sanlihe Park together with the Pigment Guild Hall Theater. "Nowadays, it has become a 'cultural living room in the area' for tourists to check in and residents to exchange activities. Li Xin, Secretary of the Party Committee of Dajiang Community, Qianmen Street, Dongcheng District, introduced.
After many years of silence, the Pigment Hall Theater at No. 22 Qingyun Hutong once again resounded with melodious opera singing, and the ancient building with a history of more than 400 years was rejuvenated. "We must make good use of the public facilities of the Hutong, enrich the cultural connotation, and let the people feel that the Hutong is a treasure. Zhao Juanwei, deputy director of the Qianmen Sub-district Office in Dongcheng District, said.
Zhu Yue participated in the writing).
People** 2024-02-15 07 Edition).