Summary:
This paper compares the philosophical theories and methods of the two philosophies by comparing the "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy and the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy. The "Elephant Thinking" in Chinese philosophy emphasizes the concept of wholeness and harmony, and pursues the harmonious relationship between man and nature, man and society; The "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy is more concerned with individual existence and authenticity, emphasizing the focus on individual experience and self-perception. Through comparative analysis, this paper provides enlightenment and insight into philosophical reflection, as well as the possibility of cross-cultural philosophical dialogue.
i.Introduction
a.Research background and motivations
The "Elephant Thought" in Chinese philosophy and the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy are two concepts of great significance. The "Elephant Thinking" in Chinese philosophy emphasizes the expression of human cognition and understanding of the world through symbols, metaphors and symbols, which is a unique way of thinking in Chinese culture. The "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy focuses on the nature and meaning of human existence, emphasizing the experience of individual subjects and the reality of life. With the deepening of cultural exchanges between China and the West and the collision of modern ideas, a comparative study of the similarities and differences between these two philosophical ways of thinking can help us better understand the diversity of human existence and the world, and promote the development of cross-cultural philosophy.
b.Purpose and significance
The purpose of this book is to compare and study the "Thinking of Images" in Chinese philosophy and the "Existential Turn" in modern Western philosophy, and to find inspiration and reference from them in terms of ways of thinking, philosophical views, and the relationship between speech, imagery, and imagery. Specific purposes include:
Deepen the uniqueness of the Chinese philosophical way of thinking and deepen the understanding of "thinking of images";
To study the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy and to understand its influence and significance on Western philosophy;
Compare and analyze the similarities and differences between the two philosophical ways of thinking, and the relationship between words, imagery, and imagery;
Explore the possibility of dialogue between Chinese and Western philosophies, and promote the development of cross-cultural philosophical research.
This study is of great significance and value:
First of all, by comparing the ways of thinking of Chinese philosophy and modern Western philosophy, we can promote mutual understanding and exchange between different cultures and promote the development of cross-cultural philosophical research.
Secondly, for Chinese scholars, in-depth study of the "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy can improve the cognition and understanding of traditional culture, and provide wisdom and enlightenment for the development of contemporary society.
Furthermore, for the international academic community, the comparative study of Chinese philosophy and modern Western philosophy can broaden the horizons, promote the respect and tolerance of cultural diversity, and provide new perspectives and ideas for philosophy in the era of globalization.
c.Introduction to research methods and structure
This study was conducted using literature research and comparative analysis. First of all, through the systematic combing and sorting of Chinese philosophical literature and modern Western philosophical literature, we will deeply understand the connotation and historical development of "Xiangzhi Thinking" and "Existential Turn". Secondly, on the basis of comparative analysis, the differences and commonalities between the two ways of thinking in terms of philosophical views, words, imagery, and image relations. Finally, this paper summarizes the research results and puts forward the enlightenment and prospects for the research of cross-cultural philosophy.
The structure of this ** is arranged as follows:
The second part will introduce in detail the "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy, including the concept, origin, development, and characteristics.
The third part will focus on the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy, including concepts, influences, and meanings.
The fourth part will be a comparative study, ** the similarities and differences between the two ways of thinking and the differences in the relationship between speech, imagery and imagery.
The fifth part will draw conclusions from comparative studies, the implications and prospects of cross-cultural philosophical research.
Finally, this paper will summarize and put forward the research results and innovations, as well as the enlightenment and significance for philosophical research.
Through the research in this paper, we hope to gain an in-depth understanding of the "Elephant Thinking" in Chinese philosophy and the "Existential Turn" in modern Western philosophy, promote the dialogue and exchange between Chinese and Western philosophy, and provide new thinking and enlightenment for human thinking and philosophical research.
ii."Elephant Thoughts" and Chinese Philosophy
a.The concept and connotation of "xiang" in Chinese philosophy
In Chinese philosophy, "xiang" is an important concept with a wide and far-reaching connotation. It is based on the ancient Chinese's observation and thinking about nature and human life, as well as the understanding of the laws of world operation and human behavior and morality. In Chinese philosophy, "xiang" refers not only to external images, forms, and symbols, but also to inner impressions, images, and symbolic meanings. Therefore, "Elephant Thoughts" can be understood as the expression of human perception, cognition, and understanding of the world through symbols, metaphors, and symbols.
b.The origin and development of "elephant thinking".
"Xiangzhisi" has a long history and deep cultural roots in Chinese philosophy. As early as the pre-Qin period, the Book of Poetry was full of rich symbolic imagery and figurative expressions. During the time of Confucius, he emphasized the cultivation of good moral character and behavioral habits through the education of symbols and rituals. In Taoist philosophy, Lao Tzu put forward the idea that "the Tao is the Tao and the Tao is very Tao", emphasizing the use of symbolic words to describe the formless and formless Tao. Since then, various schools of thought such as Confucianism, Mohistism, and Legalism have also actively used symbolism and metaphor to convey ideas and values.
c.The characteristics and functions of "Elephant Thinking".
"Xiangzhisi" has the following significant characteristics and functions in Chinese philosophy:
Deeply rooted in the hearts of the people: Through visual and symbolic expression, human perceptions and emotions can be touched more intuitively, and philosophical ideas can be closer to the hearts of the people.
Multi-layered understanding: Symbolism and metaphor allow people to understand things and phenomena from different perspectives, presenting a wealth of meaning and connotation.
Trigger associations and inspirations: Through symbolic words and imagery, people's associations and creativity can be stimulated, and the deepening and divergence of thinking can be inspired.
Inheritance of cultural heritage: Symbols and metaphors are an important part of ancient Chinese culture, and through the use of symbolic words and imagery, the rich connotations of Chinese culture can be inherited and promoted.
d.An Analysis of the Relationship between Speech, Imagery and Imagery in Chinese Philosophy
In Chinese philosophy, there is a close relationship between words, imagery, and imagery. Speech is a symbolic expression through language, an outward manifestation of thinking and perception. Meaning refers to the thoughts, emotions and values behind words, which are the inner expression of human inner activity. Imagery is the mediator between speech and meaning, conveying and presenting meaning through the use of images and symbols.
In the Chinese philosophical way of thinking, symbols and metaphors are widely used in verbal communication and thinking processes. Through the skillful use of figurative metaphors and symbols, ideas and ideas can be expressed more accurately and resonate with readers or listeners. For example, in the Confucian classic Analects, Confucius often used allegories and parables to teach students. This relationship between words, imagery, and images makes thoughts and meanings more vivid and deeply rooted in people's hearts.
In modern Western philosophy, the relationship between speech, imagery, and image has also received attention. The philosopher of language Frege proposed the concept of the "symbolic layer", arguing that language relies on a symbolic system of symbols to express meaning. At the same time, symbolism has also been widely studied and applied in the field of aesthetics, and the expression of symbolism and image art has been improved.
In general, speech, imagery, and imagery have a close relationship in Chinese philosophy, and through the use of imagery thoughts, more perceptual and expressive philosophical thinking and communication can be realized. The uniqueness and role of this way of thinking are of great significance and value in cross-cultural comparative research.
iii.The "Existential Turn" and Modern Western Philosophy
a. "There is a turn"and its influence in Western philosophy
There is a turn"(ontological turn) refers to a kind of ideological turn in modern Western philosophy, emphasizing the study and concern of existence itself. It challenges the epistemology, epistemology, or formal logic of traditional philosophy, refocusing the philosophical focus on being, reality, and the way of being. This turn occurred mainly in continental European philosophy at the beginning of the 20th century, especially in existentialist and phenomenological currents of thought.
There is a turn"It is emphasized that when studying the essence and meaning behind phenomena, we should not be limited to the level of thinking and concepts, but should pay more attention to the problem of existence itself. It rejects the old philosophical view of existence as secondary or hypothetical, and advocates placing existence at the center of philosophical research. To a large extent, this turn is a critique of scientific and logical analytical thinking, an attempt to return to the fundamental problems of human existence.
b.Important schools of thought in modern Western philosophy and"There is a turn"relationship
There is a turn"has had a profound impact on modern Western philosophy and is closely associated with several important schools of thought:
Existentialism: Existentialism is one of the most important philosophical schools of thought in the 20th century, emphasizing the uniqueness and freedom of individual existence. Representatives of this school of thought, such as Heidegger and Sartre, will"There is a turn"Rise to the heart of philosophy, the meaning of human existence and the existence of existence.
Phenomenology: Phenomenology is concerned with the relationship between subject and object, emphasizing the revelation of the essence of things through direct perception of phenomena. Exponents of this school of thought, such as Husserl and Heidegger, believe that existence is constructed through the subject's active consciousness and experience.
Structuralism: Structuralism focuses on the study of form, structure, and symbolic systems, but is also influenced by"There is a turn"impact. It emphasizes the importance of language and symbol systems in understanding and constructing the world, while also focusing on the role of symbols and structures in shaping human existence and meaning.
c. "There is a turn"Influence and significance on Western philosophy
There is a turn"It has had a profound impact on Western philosophy and has the following significance:
Causes a philosophical transformation:"There is a turn"It challenges the epistemological and epistemological issues in traditional philosophy, promotes philosophical research from focusing on thinking and concepts to exploring existence itself, and then triggers a series of new philosophical questions and discussions.
Emphasizing the meaning of human existence:"There is a turn"It reminds people to pay attention to the nature and meaning of human existence, and to go beyond the pursuit of the appearance and form of objective things. It calls for deep reflection on how and what we value to be, bringing more freedom and authenticity to individuals and societies.
Provide reflection on scientific thinking:"There is a turn"It criticizes scientific and logical analytical thinking, pointing out that scientific methods and logical reasoning cannot fully reveal the mystery of existence. It calls for philosophy to return to existence itself and to enrich humanity's understanding of the world through deeper reflection on existence.
In short,"There is a turn"It is an important turning point in modern Western philosophy, which refocuses the focus of philosophy on existence, reality, and the way of being, providing a critique and transcendence of traditional philosophical views. This turn has had a profound impact on the development of Western philosophy, making people rethink the nature and meaning of existence, and opening up new fields and ideas for philosophical research.
iv.A Comparative Study: "Elephant Thinking" in Chinese Philosophy and "Existential Turn" in Modern Western Philosophy
a.Comparison of similarities and differences in philosophical perspectives
There are similarities and significant differences between the "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy and the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy.
Similarities: Focus on ontology: Both try to transcend the entanglement of epistemic and formal logic in traditional philosophy, and pay more attention to the study and concern of existence itself.
Emphasizing the limitations of the way of thinking: both reflect on scientific and logical thinking, pointing out that this way of thinking does not fully reveal the mysteries of existence and the world.
Emphasizing the meaning of human existence: they all try to return to the fundamental issue of human existence, pay attention to the nature and meaning of human existence, and call on people to think deeply about their own existence and value.
Criticism and transcendence of traditional philosophical views: Both seek to subvert or transcend traditional philosophical perspectives centered on epistemology, epistemology, or formal logic.
Differences: Cultural Background and Origin: The "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy is rooted in traditional Chinese culture and philosophy, emphasizing symbolic and metaphorical ways of thinking; The "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy mainly originated from continental European philosophy in the early 20th century, focusing on the study of existence.
Different research fields: "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy pays more attention to the relationship between the universe, human society, and man and nature, and pays attention to the overall concept and harmony; The "existential turn" of modern Western philosophy, on the other hand, is more concerned with individual existence, authenticity, and freedom.
The philosophical theoretical foundations are different: the "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy is based on holistic, synthetic, and cosmological views, while the "existential turn" of modern Western philosophy focuses more on the study of individuals and human experience.
b.Comparison of the relationship between words, imagery, and imagery
In the "Thinking of Images" in Chinese philosophy and the "Existential Turn" in modern Western philosophy, there are some noteworthy similarities and differences in the relationship between speech, imagery and imagery.
Similarities and differences: "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy emphasizes symbolic and metaphorical ways of thinking, pays attention to the use of imagery in verbal expression, and believes that symbols can better convey ideas and meanings; The "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy focuses more on the exploration of reality and existence itself, and expresses ideas directly in words as much as possible.
Commonality: Words, imagery, and images are both considered important elements of human thinking and communication, and they all play an important role in expressing and conveying ideas.
Both argue that the limitations of language, i.e., that speech cannot fully capture all aspects of thought and meaning, require the help of symbols or other means to compensate for this deficiency.
The relationship between words, imagery, and image all involves the connection between subject and object, and the influence of context, context, and concept needs to be taken into account in the process of expression and understanding.
c.Analysis of the differences and commonalities between philosophical ways of thinking
There are some differences and commonalities between the "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy and the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy.
"Elephant Thinking" focuses on the concept of wholeness, synthesis and cosmology, emphasizing the relationship between the whole and the parts, as well as the harmony between man and nature; The "existential turn" pays more attention to individual existence, authenticity and freedom, and attaches importance to individual subjectivity and experience.
Both schools of thought attempt to transcend the traditional philosophical way of thinking that is limited to epistemology, formal logic, and other issues, and pay more attention to the study of existence itself and human existence.
Both reflect on scientific and logical analytical thinking, pointing out that this way of thinking cannot fully reveal the mysteries of existence and the world, and call for a return to existence itself for in-depth thinking and exploration.
d.Implications for understanding human existence and the world
The "Elephant Thought" in Chinese philosophy and the "Existential Turn" in modern Western philosophy provide some common enlightenment for understanding human existence and the world
Emphasizing the ontology of existence: Both believe that existence is the central issue of philosophical research, and that human beings should pay more attention to the study of existence itself. This reminds us not only to focus on superficial phenomena and forms, but also to think deeply about the nature and meaning of existence.
Reflecting on the limitations of scientific thinking: Both critique and reflect on scientific and logical analytical thinking, pointing out that this way of thinking cannot fully reveal the mysteries of existence and the world. This reminds us not to rely too much on science and logical analysis, but to keep an open mind.
Focus on the meaning of human existence: Both emphasize the nature and meaning of human existence, and call for deep reflection on how and worth we are. This reminds us not only to focus on material pursuits, but also to think about the meaning and value of human existence.
Transcending the limitations of speech: Both believe that speech cannot fully capture all aspects of thought and meaning, and that it needs to be compensated for by symbolism, metaphor, or other means. This reminds us to be mindful of the limitations of words when communicating and understanding others, and to try to understand and express them from multiple perspectives.
To sum up, there are some similarities and differences between the "thinking of images" in Chinese philosophy and the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy in terms of philosophical views, the relationship between speech, imagery, and imagery, as well as the way of philosophical thinking. They provide some important implications for understanding human existence and the world, emphasizing the ontology of existence, reflecting on the limitations of scientific thinking, focusing on the meaning of human existence, and transcending the limitations of speech. Through comparative research and enlightenment analysis, we can expand our thinking, think deeply about the problems of human existence and the world, and bring more thinking and inspiration to our lives and society.
v.Implications and prospects
a.Borrowing and Integrating: The Significance of Dialogue between Chinese and Western Philosophies
The comparative study of Chinese and Western philosophies provides us with the possibility of drawing on and integrating the two philosophical ideas. The significance of this dialogue is:
Broaden our horizons: Dialogue between Chinese and Western philosophies transcends traditional geographical and cultural limitations, allowing us to access a broader and more diverse range of ideological resources. Through comparative research, we can broaden our horizons and seek inspiration from different cultures and traditions.
Enriching philosophical thinking: The dialogue between Chinese and Western philosophies can provide more references and references for philosophical thinking. The "Elephant Thinking" in traditional Chinese philosophy focuses on holistic concepts and harmony, while the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy focuses more on individual existence and authenticity. Combining the two enriches our understanding of human existence and the world.
Communication across time and space: Through the dialogue between Chinese and Western philosophies, we can achieve the exchange of ideas across time and space. After more than 1,000 years of precipitation, traditional Chinese philosophy has unique value and wisdom; Modern Western philosophy, on the other hand, brings together the intellectual achievements of the contemporary world. The exchange and dialogue between the two can not only inherit and inherit the tradition, but also absorb the essence of contemporary thought.
b.The value of traditional Chinese philosophy in contemporary cultural exchange
As one of the oldest and oldest philosophies in the world, traditional Chinese philosophy has important value in contemporary cultural exchanges
Cultural identity and self-confidence: Traditional Chinese philosophy is an important part of Chinese culture, and through dissemination and research, it can enhance Chinese people's identity and confidence in their own culture. The wisdom and values in traditional philosophy can provide reference and reference for contemporary society.
Understanding the Eastern Way of Thinking: Traditional Chinese philosophy is an important representative of the Eastern way of thinking, and through research and communication, it can help Westerners better understand and recognize the Eastern culture and way of thinking. This helps to promote mutual understanding and harmonious development between the East and the West.
Promoting cross-cultural dialogue: Traditional Chinese philosophy is a unique system of thought that contrasts with Western philosophy. Through comparative research and dialogue, we can promote exchanges and interactions between different cultures, promote the development of cross-cultural philosophy, and build a more inclusive and pluralistic human civilization.
c.Promote the direction and methods of cross-cultural philosophical research
In order to promote the development of cross-cultural philosophical research, we can focus on the following directions and methods:
In-depth comparative research: Through in-depth study of the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western philosophies, we will explore and understand the core views of the two philosophical currents. Discover commonalities and differences through comparison, find possible integration and innovation, and promote the development of cross-cultural philosophy on this basis.
Multi-dimensional dialogue platform: Establish a multi-dimensional cross-cultural philosophical dialogue platform to promote the exchange and interaction of Eastern and Western philosophical ideas. Through international conferences, academic seminars and other forms, it provides an open, inclusive and equal exchange environment for philosophical ideas from different cultures and traditions to exchange and collide with each other.
Multidisciplinary research: Promoting cross-cultural philosophical research requires multidisciplinary research methods. Combining the research of anthropology, sociology, linguistics and other disciplines, it deeply explores the historical origins, linguistic expressions and social backgrounds of philosophical ideas in different cultures, so as to understand and study cross-cultural philosophy in a more comprehensive way.
d.Priorities and challenges for future research
There are some key points and challenges that need to be faced in the future of cross-cultural philosophical research:
Depth and breadth of research: It is important to delve into the core ideas of Chinese and Western philosophy, but it is also necessary to pay attention to the philosophical ideas of other cultures and traditions. The study of cross-cultural philosophy needs to expand its breadth on the basis of in-depth research to cover more philosophical trends in different regions, languages and cultures.
Interdisciplinary integration: The study of cross-cultural philosophy needs to draw on the research methods and theoretical frameworks of different disciplines to carry out interdisciplinary integration. This requires researchers to have a wide range of subject knowledge and professional skills, and to strengthen collaboration and communication between disciplines.
Understanding and Respecting Cultural Differences: In the study of cross-cultural philosophy, it is necessary to fully understand and respect the differences and uniqueness of different cultures. Sensitive and controversial topics need to be handled properly to avoid cultural clashes and misunderstandings.
Promoting cultural exchange and dialogue: The study of intercultural philosophy is not only a dialogue between scholars, but also needs to promote communication and dialogue between cultures. This requires the support and cooperation of **, educational institutions and social organizations, and the provision of corresponding platforms and resources.
To sum up, the dialogue between Chinese and Western philosophies has the significance of reference and integration, which can enrich philosophical thinking, promote cross-cultural dialogue, and contribute to the construction of an inclusive and pluralistic human civilization. Future research needs to focus on the depth and breadth of research, interdisciplinary integration, understanding and respect for cultural differences, and promoting cultural exchange and dialogue. Through our efforts, we will be able to advance the development of cross-cultural philosophical research and promote mutual understanding and respect between different cultures.
vi.Conclusion
a.*Summary
This paper compares the philosophical theories and methods of the two philosophies by comparing the "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy and the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy. In Chinese philosophy, "Xiang Zhi Si" focuses on the overall concept and harmony, and pursues the harmonious relationship between man and nature, man and society; The "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy, on the other hand, focuses more on individual existence and authenticity, emphasizing the focus on individual experience and self-perception. Through comparative research, we have discovered the different orientations and values of the two minds, and gained inspiration and insight from them.
b.Research results and innovations
In the course of the research in this paper, we have drawn the following research results and innovations:
Theoretical Analysis: Through comparative research, we analyze the core concepts and theoretical perspectives of "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy and "Existential Turn" in modern Western philosophy. This helps us to understand the connotation and meaning of the two ideas in depth, and provides a theoretical basis for cross-cultural philosophical dialogue.
Exploring the Possibility of Dialogue: The comparative study of this paper implies the possibility of dialogue and exchange of philosophical ideas from different cultures and traditions. Through comparison, we can discover the commonalities and differences between different cultures, and promote the development of cross-cultural philosophy on this basis.
Enlightenment for philosophical thinking: By comparing and analyzing the orientations and methods of the two kinds of thought, this paper provides enlightenment for philosophical thinking. In Chinese philosophy, "Xiang Zhi Si" emphasizes the concept of wholeness and harmony, and calls for harmony between human beings, nature and society. The "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy, on the other hand, focuses more on individual existence and authenticity. These ideas inspire us to think and seek solutions to the problems faced by contemporary society from both holistic and individual perspectives.
c.Implications and implications for philosophical research
The research in this paper has the following implications and implications for philosophical research:
Intercultural Dialogue and Integration: By comparing philosophical ideas from different cultures and traditions, we can promote intercultural philosophical dialogue and integration. This will help enrich the horizons of philosophical research, provide diverse ideological resources, and promote the diversity and inclusive development of human civilization.
Theoretical framework and methodological innovation: Through comparative analysis, we can discover the theoretical framework and methods of different philosophical thoughts. This provides innovative perspectives and methods for philosophical research. Drawing on philosophical ideas from different cultures and traditions, we can explore new questions, present new perspectives, and advance the field of philosophy in our research.
Focusing on Wholeness and Individuality: The "Elephant Thought" in Chinese philosophy and the "Existential Turn" in Western philosophy emphasize two ways of thinking: holistic and individual. This suggests that we need to pay attention to different levels and dimensions in philosophical research, and at the same time pay attention to the interrelationship between the whole and the individual in order to gain a more comprehensive knowledge and understanding.
Promote practical application: Philosophical research should not only stay at the theoretical level, but also promote the application of practice. By comparing and studying different philosophical thoughts, we can draw wisdom and enlightenment from them, provide ideas and methods for solving problems in contemporary society, and promote social harmony and development.
Overall, this paper provides a perspective and method for cross-cultural philosophical dialogue by comparing the "Xiang Zhi Si" in Chinese philosophy and the "existential turn" in modern Western philosophy. Through comparative analysis, we have obtained the enlightenment and significance of philosophical research, including cross-cultural dialogue and integration, theoretical framework and method innovation, focusing on wholeness and individuality, and promoting practical application. These findings and insights will serve as a reference and inspiration for philosophical researchers, and promote the exchange and development of cross-cultural and multi-minded ideas.
**Author: Lu Xilin
References:
History of Chinese Philosophy - Feng Youlan.
A History of Western Philosophy - Russell.
Tradition and Modernity: A Paradigm of Dialogue in Chinese Philosophy - Wang Xiaosong.
Elephant Thinking and Ecological Ethics" - Liang Shuming.
Elephant Thoughts and the Crisis of Modernity - Gao Hua.
Being and Time - Heidegger.
Being and Nothingness - Sartre.
Introduction to Existentialism - Rawls.