Ding Shengru: Anhui Tianchangren, Bachelor of Arts in Chinese Language and Literature, Department of Chinese, Anhui Normal University. He has successively worked in the editorial department of the Journal of Anhui Normal University, the magazine of Anhui Labor Movement, and the research office of the Anhui Provincial Federation of Trade Unions. He has successively served as the director of the Research Office of the Anhui Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, the director of the Provincial General Network Work Department, the director of the office, and the second-level inspector. In the past 30 years, he has been mainly engaged in the research of labor relations and trade union theory.
1.7 Zixia said: "Virtuous and virtuous; Parents can do their best; The king of things can lead to his body; Make friends and keep your word. Although I have not learned, I will say that I have learned. ”
Zixia said: "A person who attaches importance to virtue instead attaches importance to appearance, can do his best to serve his parents, can dedicate himself to serving the king, and can be honest and trustworthy when making friends." Although he has not learned, I must say that he has learned. ”
This chapter can be seen as Zixia's further elaboration of Confucius's "If you have the ability to do it, you should learn the text" in the previous chapter, which clearly shows that the Confucian "learning" mainly refers to the practical behavior of reality, rather than the study of written recitation. "Learning" in the Analects has two situations: broad and narrow. The "learning" of "learning literature" refers to the study of literature knowledge, which is equivalent to the "learning" in today's words. However, on the whole, Confucius emphasized "learning" in a broad sense, that is, virtue is superior to knowledge, and behavior precedes language.
The difference in the understanding of this chapter lies in the different understandings of "virtuous and virtuous". The faction represented by Mr. Yang Bojun believes that "the virtuous and the virtuous are easy to color", that is, "respect the virtuous and despise the beautiful"; Another faction, represented by Wang Niansun, believes that "the virtuous and the virtuous are easy to color", that is, "to be virtuous, the desire for beauty is more likely to be the desire for the virtuous".
Which school of thought is more plausible? If we follow the view of "respecting the virtuous and despising the beautiful", we respect the virtuous but lose the human nature. Confucius said in the "Book of Rites" that "eating and drinking men and women, people's great desires exist", and there are no more than two major events in life: food, men and women. The Confucius of the Warring States period summarized this idea of Confucius as "eating color and sex". The emphasis on color (sexuality) is in line with the Confucian doctrine of the so-called "creation ends in the husband and wife", the second father and son, and the second monarch and minister. It can be seen that it is against human feelings to interpret "virtuous and virtuous" as "respecting sages and despising beauty". It is precisely for this reason that I think that the interpretation of the "easy" in "virtuous and virtuous" as "easier" and "substitution", and the interpretation of "virtuous and virtuous" as "attaching importance to virtue instead of attaching importance to appearance" may be closer to Wang Niansun's view and more in line with the basic spirit of the original Confucian classics.
Mr. Nan Huaijin believes in the Analects of Distinction that "virtuous and virtuous" means: "When we see a person who is good at learning, good at cultivation, and has great ability, he is indeed very good, and when we see him, we are in awe when we see him, and our attitude also changes." Here, "Yi" is interpreted as "transformation" and "substitution", and "color" is interpreted as "attitude" and "shape", which further expands the space for interpretation of the word "color".
"Virtuous and virtuous".Although there are only four words, once it is proposed, there are many commentators, and to this day, many readers are still in the middle of it. If time permits, you can search through "Du Niang" and find two articles to read, I believe you may return to chaos from the state that seems to be understood. It can be seen that it is not easy to say these four words clearly.
Parents can do their best; It is to talk about filial piety, and to understand it, the key point is to grasp the word "exhaustion", do your best, and do your best. Many entanglements and troubles in life are due to things beyond their own ability, the desire is blazing, too much thinking, it is really "persistent like a ghost, entangled like a poisonous snake, in the middle of the two or six hours, there is no one left", in this way, Mr. Lu Xun only said "hope" rather than "success". "Hope" leads us to work towards heights. Long-term efforts are often more common than success stories. "Do your best", emphasizing that you should do your best and do what you can control, which is "high control". If you can't achieve it, you must not be stupid enough to risk yourself and be a traitor. Handle the relationship between high control and low control, do your best, even if it is not so perfect, it is also filial piety.
The king of things can lead to his body; It is about loyalty, that is, the ability to sacrifice oneself in the service of the king, and this "body" is the all-weather time, all the energy, and even the most precious life of the individual. Some people directly interpret it as "serving the king can give his life" (Bao Pengshan). Mr. Nan Huaijin believes that "Jun" is not a special word for the emperor, but also includes friends or colleagues who are inconvenient to call brothers and sisters in their interactions. This is the insincerity of being a human being.
Make friends and keep your word. It's about integrity. In life, everyone thinks that they have done what they say to their friends, but in reality it is very difficult to do it. This is because Confucian culture is extremely realistic and realistic, due to the different community status and interests of people in the society, coupled with the complexity of human nature, as the saying goes, "people's hearts are separated from the belly", people's hearts are unpredictable and integrity is lacking, and there are not many friends who can say intimate words and warm souls between people; Among these few friends, A trusts B and digs out his heart and lungs, hates to take out his heart and liver and fry it for the other party to eat, and is worried that the saltiness is not in line with the other party's taste, but B is suspicious and suspicious of A. Steeped in traditional culture, the floating people have lived in solitude and looking for friends for thousands of years. To this day, "keeping the word" is still the way to make friends, and it is a deep desire for people to get out of loneliness from the depths of their hearts.
If a person can do what Zixia said, fulfill his promise wholeheartedly, find the right role, and assume his responsibilities, then even if this person has not read a day of books, I must say that this person is really knowledgeable and cultivated.
And this should become the moral self-discipline of the world's scholars. What do you think?