**: People's Daily Online, Author: Sanmu.
**"Not interested in getting married" is not because he is an ascetic, it is because he can't forget the sad memories of his first love and first marriage: the young man***'s sweetheart is his cousin Zhou Ruilian, when *** was promoted to company commander by heroic combat in the Hunan army, that is, when he was thrifty and prepared to return to his hometown to marry his cousin in the future, suddenly there was news like from hell - the landlord forced debts, and the uncle of the four walls of the family had to let the landlord pull Xiao Ruilian away as a debt, but she would rather die than jump off the cliff!
**Marshal. One. Sometimes when reading a book, I can't help but enter the world of the preacher, clumsily or think that I am clever to replace the known ending with my own assumption of "reading expectations", which is also a realm of good reading: subverting the text and enriching the text. In fact, this is also a common sight in the reading world. Indeed, some "what if" ideas are tempting. With an "what if", the long lens of history will paint a clear or hazy picture, which may be closer to the real text than without the "what if".
Speaking of Ding Ling. Just like we have many "endless characters" - Ding Ling, it is also inexhaustible. I bought a book from the ** bookstore with a book on the waist cover that reads "Big-name writers and scholars describe the life of a generation of writers", "China's first set of masterpieces that reveal the life, marriage, and creation of top modern literary giants" (written by Yang Guixin, Chongqing Publishing House), the book mentions that when they were in northern Shaanxi, there was a "story" of Ding Ling and General Peng "falling in love" that was once widely known as "Miss Wen yesterday, General Wu today". Regarding Ding Ling, I have read a lot of books, but this is the first time I have read this story told by the author, which is what the book says: "Ding and Peng failed to become husband and wife in the end, why is this?" Around the same year, I took the liberty of asking Ding Ling, and she replied: 'I thought about it again and again, mainly because the gap was too big and it was not suitable. What "gap", how is it not "suitable"? The author does not analyze further. I remember that when I wrote "The Old Traces of the Women's World", I wrote about Yan'an, and I couldn't help but think of this problem again. In terms of our "common sense", if a "Shafi" type woman such as Ding Ling and the famous "puritanical character" of the general in China were married at that time (this is really a sultry topic, people dare not think about it), what kind of "story" will happen in the future? Of course, from the point of view of "common sense", they will not get married, or even never union. Ding Ling and *** will not be Ren Xiaoxue and Luo Yi in "Farewell, Vancouver" anyway, although when it comes to "attracting attention" now, it must be the latter.
Two. Let's talk about Ding Ling to Yan'an first.
The stupid Japanese imperialism and the Kuomintang jointly pushed young people like me under the banner of the Communist Party", this is a passage from Wei Junyi's life memories written in her later years. After the middle of the century, it was precisely because they were dissatisfied with the rule of the Kuomintang and attracted by the thriving atmosphere of the mysterious northwest written by **, Fan Changjiang, etc., that many young women intellectuals like Wei Junyi trekked through mountains and rivers to Yan'an, the red holy land, and even had such a "big name" as Ding Ling, and at that time, based on the serious shortage of cadres, especially intellectual cadres, on the basis of correcting the "Mahaiskyism" that was shrouded in the Soviet area during the ten-year civil war and was infected by the Comintern in the Soviet area. The policy of recruiting intellectuals to participate in the revolution was formulated in a timely manner, because it was very clear that it would be very difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish the mission of liberating the nation and the class by relying only on the more than 10,000 Red Army troops and the pitiful number of Red intellectuals who had reached the northwest. So since then, a large number of young people have flocked to Yan'an, many of whom are female intellectual youths, as well as female writers Ding Ling, Chen Xuezhao, Yan Yiyan, Mo Ye, etc.
Yan'an, the material life is hard, the pot of "Marxist-Leninist biscuits", the "Kuomintang-Communist cooperative rice" of rice and millet, and the simple caves, but the women are actually physically strong, and the spirit is even more fulfilling. Their historical appearance, social role, cultural posture, and personality image are different from the previous deep boudoir women, campus women and even square women, as class attributes, they are revolutionary intellectual young women, their minds are armed by the Marxist Sinicization of the first thought, and they take the road of integration with workers and peasants, although this is very small among the 10,000 intellectuals and nearly half of the population of women in the country at that time, but as a group power can not be underestimated. In the harsh environment of the countryside and the war, under the initial integration with the workers and peasants (in fact, with the peasants), and in the rectification movement (the 80 percent of the area of the "rescue movement" of the Central Economic Struggle was suspected and the first experience of the ruthless blow of the ruthless struggle of the "left" in the party), their ideology was reborn and stereotyped in the ideology of the Chinese revolution. For example, in terms of the development of women themselves, the Western utopian socialist Mr. Fourier famously said: "The development of a certain historical epoch can always be determined by the degree to which women move towards freedom, because in the relationship between women and men, women and men, the triumph of human nature over animal nature is most distinctly expressed."
The degree of women's emancipation is a natural measure of general emancipation. What about the female intellectual youth of Yan'an, compare Fourier with *** words: "What does it mean that women have freedom and equality?" That is, women have the right to do things, hold meetings, and speak, and without these rights, there can be no talk of freedom and equality. * In the context of the Chinese Chinese language, there is a more specific goal of women's liberation, "women's liberation is closely linked to social liberation, and it exists as an integral part of the latter" (Women Unite), that is, women's liberation is synchronized with social liberation and is subordinate to social liberation, which is certainly reasonable. The Chinese Revolution overthrew three mountains, and Chinese women unfortunately had to overthrow another mountain in order to reflect on the actual effect of social emancipation from the extent to which they were emancipated, so it seems that although they later had the superficial rights and interests and status protection through the struggle, they were not aware of the shadow of male hegemony (in some cases, in the name of revolution), in the final analysis, the limitations of the level of social productivity in China, the ability of people to rationally examine themselves, and the insufficient participation of female subjects, all constitute the "other" The giving and arrangement of female objects actually has a shadow in Yan'an. After all, when the revolution arrived in Yan'an, the center of the revolution was from the city to the countryside, and the enlightenment of Marxism in China replaced the enlightenment of the "May Fourth" style, and then it was the singing years when the revolution drowned everything, Ding Ling's "38 Festival Feelings" was fleeting, Chen Xuezhao's melancholy "Work is Beautiful", Wei Junyi's "Lusha's Road" looked back on the years, Smedley's big advocacy of feminist organization dancing but caused the unanimous "boycott" of Yan'an women, and the organization and arrangement of marriage (that is, the "organizational concept" that people were familiar with later), etc. It is not surprising that there is such a mottled shadow in the sunlight of the Yan'an Holy Land. So, in Yan'an, such as ** and other scholars' poster reactions, ** and Jian Xianren's divorce ......It's not incredible.
Three. In that year, Ding Ling arrived in Baoan (now Zhidan County) in northern Shaanxi, which was the era of the trio of "salvation", "revolution" and "women's liberation", and it was also the years when they were intertwined with each other.
Ding Ling had just escaped from the cage of the Kuomintang (she later described it as "the world of dragons"), and she was in a new mood in the "Brave New World", and she said to ***: I want to be a soldier and a Red Army. Say: Okay. So, Ding Ling, who had just been elected director of the "China Literature and Art Association", went to the front. In Sanyuan, she saw the majestic General Peng, who also gave her a fur coat. Soon, the female writer looked at him with special eyes, and she used the pen she was good at to record the demeanor of this "god of war" of the Red Army -- "A Page of Diary in the Southbound Army" and "Sketches" (this article includes the portrait drawn by Ding Ling for General Peng, which was published in the supplement of "New China Daily" the following year, month, and day). In her writing, the general is not a martial artist, and even, more popular than Zhukov and Patton written by foreigners, this General Peng is more popular - "He is always humorous and *** is also a ...... who likes to say a word or two, and sometimes makes a little nonsense."A move that only a small child will be interested in" and so on. It is said that these words "In the glorious course of the development of modern Chinese literature, Ding Ling is the first writer to describe the image of the senior leader of our party and our army", so that Du Pengcheng, who created the image of the first person with "Defending Yan'an", compared his works with these words of Ding Ling, and couldn't help shouting "ashamed of himself", and later Mr. Niu Han, who co-edited the large-scale literary journal "China" with Ding Ling, also said: "* This image is the first realistic hero in the history of Ding Ling's literary creation. "Is this accidental?
It was also at the end of the year that the *** in the rear actually transferred a new poem called "Linjiang Immortal" to Ding Ling in the form of a telegram: "The red flag on the wall is falling, and the west wind is sweeping the lonely city." The security guards are new. A banquet was held in the cave to entertain the prisoners. Who is similar to a pen? Three thousand Mauser soldiers. The formation map opened to the east of Longshan. Miss Wen yesterday, General Wu today. "This is *** given to Ding Ling. Less than a year earlier, when the Red Army arrived in Wuqi Town, northern Shaanxi, it also wrote a poem praising General Peng: "The mountains are high, the roads are far away, and the pits are deep, and the army is galloping. Who dares to cross the knife immediately, only I am General Peng. "These two Sanxiang men and women are obviously enthusiastic people. So, in that fiery holy land that shapes new people and new women, what stories of good love between men and women will happen?
Four. Nim Wells (i.e., Helen Foster), who wrote "The Journey to the West" ("Inside Red China"), also recorded at that time*** that she said: "He had many virtues of a leader, and it seems that he is best suited to the needs of current history." Even, "no one is more desirable than the honest, simple, and solemn General Peng," and "this puritanical temperament, in today's China, is essential for a leader," but it is also for this reason that "Peng was the most manly of men, and he hated women—and it was only natural that women quickly became interested in him." He was practically the only one among the senior generals of the Red Army who refused to marry. Therefore, many Communist Party members and girls not only stayed away, but also pursued him. I heard that he didn't trust women because the women in his family were cruel and he was an orphan at the time. He was not interested in getting married, partly because he had loved a girl a long time ago and later died. ”
* Ex-wife Helen's remarks were apparently the result of her interview. Indeed, many of the distinctive characters were shaped and determined by his tragic life experience when he was a teenager, and later he recalled in his "Self-Statement": "In the days to come, I often recalled the experiences of my childhood, spurring myself not to be corrupt, not to forget the life of the poor people", it became a warning of his life, and it was also a creed after he was nourished by the chivalrous and rebellious spirit that he received from the people, and after he became a soldier, he rose from the rain of bullets and bullets. He would return the invitation in large numbers with two big words "shameless"; He would organize a "poverty relief meeting" with Huang Gongluo and other officers, and one of the disciplines was to meet "not to please the small"; Even when he once ransomed himself for a singer "Yueyuehong", and was willing to serve him for life under the gratitude of this singer, he also coldly sent her back to her hometown; It was also because of his vivid image of not being greedy for money, gambling, prostituting women, smoking opium, and opening small mansions in the Hunan army that Duan Dechang, an underground CCP member who was hiding in the army and engaged in revolutionary activities, was seen in the eyes of Duan Dechang (who was later unjustly killed by Wang Ming's left-leaning line), and since then he has led him to the revolution. However, ** is not interested in getting married" is not because he is an ascetic, it is because he can't forget the sad memories of his first love and first marriage: the young man's sweetheart is his cousin Zhou Ruilian, when *** was promoted to company commander by fighting bravely in the Hunan army, that is, when he was saving money and preparing to return to his hometown to marry his cousin in the future, suddenly came news like from hell - the landlord forced debts, and the uncle of the four walls of the family had to let the landlord pull Xiao Ruilian away as a debt, but she would rather die than obey and jumped off the cliff to die! Many years later, Liu Ximei, a Hunan woman, became the wife of ***, and later General Peng Pingjiang rebelled and attacked Changsha, and since then the couple have parted, the so-called men and women in troubled times, life and death are also common, so Liu Ximei took refuge in her husband's voice, life and death are unknown, and later married others in hopelessness. Later, when the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out, Liu Ximei went north to find her husband, and when they met, the couple who had been separated for nearly ten years were very excited, but unfortunately they did not reunite. Many years later, General Peng sighed when talking about this past: "I can't blame me, and I can't blame her." ”
The tragic story that happened to General Peng is just a wave of countless tragedies in the great era, however, later some books and periodicals mentioned this matter, but they used the traditional feudal concept to blindly criticize Liu Ximei, that is, the ethical admonition under the "grand narrative". There is a book mentioning this matter, it says: **When the prestige spread all over the world, Liu Ximei was tempted, she ran to Yan'an, found *** and asked for remarriage, *** who had already been sad and regarded integrity as life was neither hot nor cold to her, he did not accept or refuse her request, but said that this could only be decided by the organization after investigation. After the organization investigated and confirmed that she had remarried and had children, ** finally put aside a few words: The water spilled is difficult to collect, you go back to your husband! I don't know how much credibility there is, maybe some of it is true, and it's just a portrayal of the tragedy of the times. However, it can help us understand the situation when General Peng was frustrated with his marriage, and even once desperately wanted to remarry.
Five. At this time, the puritanical character turned out to be the "fifth diamond king" on the red holy land, so at the same time as Ding Ling appeared, a foreign woman Smedley also appeared.
When the American journalist Smedley went to the front line of the Anti-Japanese War in North China to interview, it was the time when the world was paying attention to Yan'an, when the heroic generals of the Eighth Route Army were also the objects of worship of many intellectual women who participated in the anti-Japanese war, according to Peng Shuai's biography writing group compiled "A Real Person - * The book said this, with a very simple and subtle tone, it said: At that time, ** in the North China base area also had a lot of women who showed their admiration for it, there were famous female writers, and even foreign female reporters.
female writer", it should be Ding Ling. The book says: In the spring, the Red Army's former enemy headquarters moved to Yunyang Town, Sanyuan County, on the north bank of the Wei River in Shaanxi, where it presided over the Red Army's training and prepared to meet the national War of Resistance. This legend, which is not a false rumor, was later said to have a nose and an eye, and although there was inevitably an imaginary plot in it, it was generally true, that is, the female writer was deeply attracted by the legendary General Peng, who was shrouded in legends, and she paid great attention to General Peng's legendary war career, and especially respected his respectable special temperament, which combined the heroism of soldiers with the simplicity of peasants. Sometimes, she looked at General Peng galloping on the loess plateau, with a look of admiration and eyes to follow him, she also ** General Peng inspected the shooting and assassination of the troops on the training ground, and paid emotional attention to him with encouraging words to encourage the soldiers to focus their hatred on the target of the Japanese devil who was painted hideously; Sometimes she was curious and amazed to find that in the soldiers' cave barracks, the famous general caressed the soldiers' shoulders like a kind father, and talked to the soldiers without restraint. All this makes the female writer full of good feelings and mysteries towards General Peng, and General Peng is also very kind to him, the villagers are particularly enthusiastic about the villagers, and the Hunan people are particularly enthusiastic, he once confided in her his life experience and talked to her about learning like an insider. Although he did not go to school, he was very fond of literature, and in his spare time he often read the works of Lu Xun and left-wing literature, and it is likely that he also read the works of this female writer. Soon, ** also came to Yunyang, apparently he heard the "story" that was happening here, and this kind of information also spread quickly in northern Shaanxi, after all, the single General Peng was very conspicuous, and everyone was looking forward to something good happening. ** Deliberately joking with General Peng and asking when the two of them can do something? General Peng replied with a wry smile: "No." It turned out that he had carefully considered: as a soldier, especially a commander, it was difficult for him to coordinate with female writers in work and life, not to mention that he had not yet received news of his wife Liu Kunmo (that is, Liu Ximei) at that time, so that idea was quickly dispelled by him, and the "good thing" that everyone was eager for was not harmonious.
female journalists", or "foreign", that is the famous Smedley. Peng Shuai's biographical writing team vividly depicts such a scene in the book: A blonde and blue-eyed foreign female reporter admired General Peng very much, and when she went to interview the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in Mamu Village, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, at the beginning of the year, she expressed her heartfelt enthusiasm with the frankness and enthusiasm unique to Western women, but General Peng politely refused, because it seemed absolutely impossible. Later, when General Peng and Pu Anxiu got married, General Peng truthfully "reported" this adventure - it turned out that when the female reporter said that she could not understand Peng's refusal, Peng said solemnly: "I am in war, I have to go to the front line at any time, and I am ready to sacrifice, war is long and very cruel, so we can't love each other." Hearing this, the female reporter hurriedly said: "I love you, for you, I am not afraid of any danger." In response to this "Western discourse" (of course, General Peng didn't see Western movies at that time, but he may have read the translated Western love **), he also replied with frank and humorous "Chinese discourse": "You love me, I am grateful, but I don't love you." So, when the Japanese army launched an attack and the cultural people were arranged to withdraw to Yan'an, the female reporter sat alone on the stone at the edge of the village, looking at the smoke curling in the village and weeping. The next day, she left the headquarters with the team.
Six. So, in Yan'an, ** will not be confused but still single, and in addition, his career does not allow him to think too much about personal marriage issues. But after all, Yan'an is the rear, at that time, many female students came to Yan'an, and the old and difficult problem that has plagued the hearts of many men for a long time - the problem of serious imbalance in the ratio of men and women in the base area of northern Shaanxi has been alleviated, which also just contributes to the good things of many old singles, such as *** such an age person also happily formed a new family under the help of others, **'s comrades-in-arms *** and Zhuo Lin), Zuo Quan (and Liu Zhilan) and so on have also completed personal events, but only *** is a person to the corner, Everyone was anxious for him, but "the emperor was not in a hurry, he was anxious about the eunuchs", and finally with the help of everyone, General Peng's old and difficult problem was finally solved. Later, people said that this good story had different "versions", which was to say that the promoter was Chen Geng - Chen Geng was the old chief's "lonely man" in his eyes, anxious, and took the initiative to find a candidate for the chief, once he pulled *** to the court **It is said that it was the first women's volleyball game in the history of the Eighth Route Army, so that Deputy Commander-in-Chief Peng came to watch the game, in fact, it was a "strategy" of Chen Geng: he carefully observed which female player he would have a good impression of and pay special attention to it. in order to do the work in a targeted manner. Sure enough, ** noticed a tall girl with glasses. Another saying is that the fulfillment of this good thing is *** He is the deputy director of the Central Organization Department, "close to the water", once invited General Peng to attend a symposium of cadres from the rear and North China to Yan'an, after General Peng arrived, the careful Minister Li found that the general's eyes stayed on a shy tall girl from time to time. Whether it is Chen Geng or General Peng, this delicate, gentle and quiet girl is the female student of Beijing Normal University and the youngest sister of the famous Shanghai Jiading Pu sisters (Jiexiu, Xixiu, and Anxiu), she was teaching at Northern Shaanxi Public School at the time, and she was already a party member.
What about Ding Ling? Later, she and Chen Ming combined. It is impossible for her to have a result with General Peng. In fact, this is also very clear on both sides of them. For example, Huang Kecheng, a close comrade-in-arms of General Peng, said: Peng "has a strong personality, cannot tolerate problems, and is not able to adapt to the complexity of human society." When the water is clear, there are no fish, and when people are observed, there are no disciples, so it is not easy to have a good relationship with the leaders and the comrades around them." General Peng himself later admitted at the Lushan Conference that he was "rude to see Guan Gong as surrendering in terms of uniting intellectuals." How could a delicate female writer tolerate him? In the words of Wang Meng's later "Strange Essay" - Ding Ling in My Mind: "She is especially good at writing about the stubborn, affectionate and lonely women who have been hurt and misunderstood, is this not a symptom of her misfortune?" "That's a very good point. She Ding Ling, she is a character in her pen, so there is "Does history determine character, or does character determine history?" Is fate shaping **, or **shaping fate". Since her nature does not like to be constrained by the "tight spells" of discipline, organization, and collective life, she became a "freelance" writer as she wished, and even later on the balance of writers and party members, she once focused on the former side, which General Peng could tolerate. As for love, as he once said in the tone of "Shafi": "I always want someone who can understand me clearly, if he doesn't understand me, what do I want to do with that love and thoughtfulness?" Will the previous Hu Yepin and the later hypothetical General Peng have this "qualification"? Ding Ling has long stated that "I am a person who wants to be free", "I am not willing to use love or marriage to bind me", to say that true love must be the other party's "understanding of me", it is just a "platonic" lover - Feng Xuefeng alone, this is a secret hidden in Ding Ling's heart.
However, words can't be said to die, General Peng said that "it is difficult for him and female writers to coordinate in work and life" is a reason, but this is not to say that *** does not have this possibility, in fact, under his "Qiu Ba" appearance, there may not be no soft side, for example, for literature, he is not a layman (of course, in the war years, as a soldier, he may not have the leisure or even interest to appreciate literary works, such as "Liu Ying's Self-Statement" recorded that Liu Ying, who had Mrs. Zhang Wentian, went to the front line in northern Shaanxi, "Peng is always afraid that I will be bored, Give me a copy of **, which is Ding Ling's "Water". Mr. Peng said that it was sent by Ding Ling during the interview, and he was not interested, so he asked me to take it and see it. Zhao Shuli's fame in Taihang Mountain is related to his praise and admiration, and Ding Ling, a fellow countryman, is also the "only proletarian writer" in China praised by Lu Xun (and "Mao Dun can't write her"), so she may have been thunderous in the general's observations. Of course, in the eyes of female writers, the general was not comparable to people like Fonda, who had just left, in the war years at that time. So, what is the root cause of not holding hands? Actually, that's what I'm focused on.
Seven. In the fifth year of Ding Ling's arrival in northern Shaanxi, she wrote "Feelings on the 38th Festival". She felt that the problems of women in the "new world" were serious, pervasive, and persistent, and that it seemed no different from other places, except that here women "seemed to be in such a miserable situation, and it seemed natural, but in the old society they might have been called miserable and destitute, but today they are self-inflicted and deserved". Obviously, Ding Ling will not be content with this "natural selection". This is a topic that should be written by "feminists" or "feminists" today. It seems that in the above-mentioned essay, it may be like that the general secretary Zhang Wentian was not invited to the wedding banquet back then, and Ding Ling's flickering words also made her lay a nasty foreshadowing for herself: "A lesbian with a nanny can have one day of the most hygienic ballroom dance every week." Although there will be incomparable slander whispering in the background, as soon as she walks there, it will be lively, whether it is horseback riding, straw sandals, the head of the general affairs department, and the eyes of the artists will look at her. "Here, Ding Ling, like General Peng, is so disrespectful of privilege and head-scratching.
Ding Ling is probably only suitable for combining with cultural people (like Chen Ming). Her identity, fame, character, and experience (including the party's perception of her "surrender" in Nanjing) are not suitable for such a person. Actually, this is the best result.
In the same year, following Hu Feng's "Qin case", a ripple of water affected the "Ding Chen anti-party clique". More than two years later, during the Anti-Rightist Movement, this clique expanded into the "Ding, Feng, and Chen anti-party clique," and Ding Ling's rush to northern Shaanxi was said to have been "sent back by the enemy in a planned manner." The words she wrote in northern Shaanxi back then were also "re-criticized". For more than two years, ** was beaten into the cold palace in Lushan. Think about it, what if they got married? Doesn't this make people break out in a cold sweat?