Sima Yan (236 May 16, 290), also known as An Shi, was a native of Wen County, Hanoi County (now Wen County, Henan Province). The founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty (reigned 266-290), the grandson of Emperor Xuan of the Jin Dynasty Sima Yi, the eldest son of Emperor Wen of the Jin Dynasty Sima Zhaoyan, the heir father (cousin) of the Emperor Sima Rui of the Jin Yuan Dynasty, and the mother of the Empress Wang Yuanji of Civilization.
Sima Yan was born in the Hanoi Sima clan. At the beginning, he entered the door in the shade and sealed the Beiping Pavilion. Later, he welcomed Emperor Cao Huan of Wei Yuan, awarded the Zhongfu Army, entered the Xinchang Township Marquis, and worshiped the general of the Fu Army and the son of the Jin Kingdom.
In the second year of Xianxi (265), he worshiped Xiangguo and attacked the king of Jin. On February 8, 266, Sima Yan forced Emperor Cao Huan Chan of Wei Yuan to enthrone as emperor, set the name of the country as Jin, and changed the beginning of Yuan Tai.
In the early years of his reign, he reformed politics and revitalized the economy. Strict thrift, the implementation of the rule of law, the promulgation of household adjustments, promote population growth, so that the economy and society present a prosperous scene, the history is known as the "rule of Taikang". In the fifth year of Xianning (279), the "Battle of Jin and Wu" was launched to achieve national unification. Since then, he has been arrogant and lascivious, lazy in political affairs, and divided the kings, laying hidden dangers for the "Eight Kings Rebellion".
In the first year of Taixi (May 16, 290), Sima Yan died of illness at the age of fifty-five, known as Emperor Wu, and buried in Junyang Mausoleum.
So today, let's talk about the wonderful life of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty in the Western Jin Dynasty of China, let's take a look.
A brief biography of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty.
Early life experience. Sima Yan is the eldest son of Sima Zhao, the minister of Cao Wei, who was named the Marquis of Beiping Pavilion during the Jiaping period of Cao Wei. Later, in Dongwu County, he welcomed Cao Huan, the prince of Changdao Township, into the throne, and then moved to the army and entered the Xinchang Township.
Sima Yan's hair dragged to the ground when he stood, and his arms hung down above his knees. However, his younger brother Sima You (who succeeded Sima Shi) was "filial piety, multi-talented, clean and fair", and his reputation was higher than Sima Yan's, so Sima Zhao wanted Sima You to inherit the throne. Sima Yan asked Pei Xiu "whether people are alike", and Pei Xiu saw Sima Yan's disappearance and attributed his heart to him. Yang Xiu also helped Sima Yan make suggestions and observe the gains and losses of current politics, and asked Sima Yan to remember in advance in case Sima Zhao asked. Later, when Sima Zhao formally raised the issue of establishing a reserve, Shantao, Jia Chong, He Zeng, and Pei Xiu all opposed the establishment of Sima You and advocated the establishment of Sima Yan. So in the first year of Xianxi (264), on the afternoon of October, Sima Yan was established as the son.
In May of the second year of Xianxi (265), Emperor Cao Huan of Wei Yuan added Sima Zhaoshu ceremony, and became the queen princess, and the prince was the prince, so Sima Yan also became the crown prince of Jin. In August of the same year, Sima Zhao died suddenly of a stroke, and Sima Yan inherited his father's position as Xiangguo and the title of King of Jin.
Enthroned as emperor. On December 8, 266, Sima Yan forced Emperor Cao Huan Chan Rang of Wei Yuan Emperor to enthrone as emperor, set the country name as Jin, known as the Western Jin Dynasty in history, and changed the second year of Xianxi to the first year of Taishi.
In the first two years of the Western Jin Dynasty (266), Concubine Yang Yan was the queen. In the third year of Taishi (267), the second son Sima Zhen was appointed as the crown prince.
In the fourth year of Taishi (268), Sima Yan's mother, the Empress Dowager Wang Yuanji, died and was buried in Chongyang Mausoleum; In September, a major flood occurred in the four prefectures of Qing, Xu, Yan and Henan, and Yiluoman came out of the river and opened the granary to help the victims.
In the sixth year of Taishi (270 years), the Marquis of Lishou Anting was the king of Nangong; The crown prince Sima Cambodia was appointed as the king of Runan; Sun Xiu, the governor of Wu Xiakou and the former general, led his troops to surrender and served as the hussar general, Kaifu Yitong and the third division, and was named the Huiji Gong.
In the ninth year of Taishi (273), the emperor's son Sima Yi was appointed as the king of the East China Sea. In the tenth year of Taishi (274), Wu Guowei's northern general Yan Cong, Yangwei's general Yan Quan, and partial general Zhu Mai surrendered; In the same year, the southern Shaanxi Mountain was dug up, the Yellow River was broken, and the Yellow River was injected into Luoshui to the east, so that the Cao Yun could be transported.
In the first year of Xianning (275), Emperor Xuan Sima Yi was posthumously honored as Gaozu, Emperor Jing Sima Shi was Sejong, and Emperor Wen Sima Zhao was Taizu; A plague broke out, and most of the population of Luoyang died.
In the second year of Xianning (276), Yang Zhi (Yang Yan's cousin) was appointed as the queen; Wu generals Shao Kai and Xia Xiang led more than 7,000 people to surrender.
Unify the country. In the third year of Xianning (277 years), Sima Liang, the king of Fufeng, was renamed the king of Runan, Sima Ling, the king of Dongguan, was renamed the king of Lang, Sima Jun, the king of Ruyin, was renamed the king of Fufeng, Sima Lun, the king of Lang, was renamed the king of Zhao, Sima Fu, the king of Bohai, was renamed the king of Taiyuan, Sima Hao, the king of Taiyuan, was renamed the king of Hejian, Sima Ling, the king of Beihai, was renamed the king of Rencheng, Sima Bin, the king of Chen, was renamed the king of Xihe, Sima Khan, the king of Runan, was renamed the king of Nanyang, Sima Tan, the king of Jinan, was renamed the king of Zhongshan, and Sima Wei, the king of Hejian, was renamed the king of Zhangwu; The prince Sima Wei is the king of Shiping, Sima Yun is the king of Puyang, Sima should be the king of Xindu, Sima Yao is the king of Qinghe, and the marquis of Juping Yanghu is the marquis of Nancheng; When a strong wind uprooted the trees, the weather suddenly became cold, and frost fell in the five counties, hurting the grain.
In the fourth year of Xianning (278 years), Yinping and Guangwu occurred many times in a row**; According to the imperial physician Sima Cheng, the pheasant head fur was offered, and the emperor forbade the spread of the pheasant head fur on the grounds of the strange costume ceremony, and burned it in front of the palace; Wu Guozhaowu's general Liu Chuan and Li Wu's general Zu Shi surrendered.
In the fifth year of Xianning (279) and the first year of Taikang (280), the Jin sent a large army to attack Wu, and the Eastern Wu perished, thus ending the situation of the Three Kingdoms.
In the first year of Taikang (280), hail fell in many places such as Hedong, Gaoping, Sanhe, Weijun, Hongnong, etc., which harmed the crops.
In the second year of Taikang (281), Huainan and Danyang**; Dongyi five domestic attached; Hail fell on the sixteenth of the county, and strong winds uprooted trees, destroying the houses of the people. There were floods in Jiangxia and Taishan, and there were more than 300 families in exile; Shangdang encountered another storm and hail; There are comets that appear near Zhang and Xuanyuan.
In the third year of Taikang (282), the general of Anbei Yan Xun defeated Xianbei Murong Diao in Changli, killing and wounding tens of thousands of people. In the fourth year of Taikang (283 years), many kings died, a solar eclipse occurred, and there was a great flood in Gunzhou, Henan, Jingzhou and Yangzhou, and more than 2,000 villages in Kefang belonged to the mainland. In the tenth year of Taikang (289), Murong Diao surrendered to the Jin Dynasty.
During the reign of Sima Yan, he was crowned with the same surname, took the county as the country, and placed the soldiers, hoping to maintain each other and defend the **. Sima Yan adopted a series of economic measures to develop production, repeatedly ordered county officials to persuade farmers to pay mulberry taxes, and strictly prohibited private tenants. Recruit the people of the former Wushu region to come to the north, enrich the north, and abolish the tuntian system, so that the people of tuntian become the state and county households. During the Taikang period, there was a prosperous scene. Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty in view of the late Cao Wei period for the strict government, decadent customs, extravagant life, is "overbearing, benevolent and thrifty", can not survive the self-endowment of the valley people five Hu, free from debts, Zhao County and the state of the patrol of the county, and can accommodate outspoken. He also attached great importance to the law, personally explained to the people the decree on the revision of the law published by Jia Chong and others, and personally heard the lawsuit and recorded the prisoners.
He died in his later years. After the destruction of Wu, Sima Yan gradually became lazy in political affairs and indulged in prostitution. In order to consolidate the imperial power, he sealed the clan and made the kings lead their troops and horses. However, after the death of Emperor Wu of Jin, the kings fought for power, and infighting was endless, forming a 16-year civil war, known as the Rebellion of the Eight Kings.
In the first year of Taixi (290), Sima Yan was seriously ill and did not entrust the important ministers with national affairs, and the founding heroes had all died, and the courtiers were panicked and had nothing to do. And the national abbot Yang Jun (Yang Zhi's father) rejected the ministers, personally served Sima Yan around him, and took the opportunity to remove the ministers at will and promote his henchmen. Sima Yan's condition improved slightly, and when he saw that Yang Jun was using the wrong person, he said to Yang Jun seriously: "How can you do this!" So he sent an edict to Zhongshu and summoned Sima Liang, the king of Runan, and Yang Jun to assist the royal family. Yang Jun was afraid that he would lose his authority and favor, so he borrowed the edict from the Chinese book and hid it. Hua Xuan, the supervisor of the Chinese book, was frightened and personally asked Yang Jun for the edict, but Yang Jun refused to give it.
Two days later, Sima Yan was critically ill, Yang Zhijuan asked Yang Jun to assist him, and Sima Yan nodded. So Empress Yang summoned Hua Hui and Zhongshu Ling He Shao to verbally convey Sima Yan's will and let them make a testament. After the edict was written, Yang Zhi, Hua Hui and He Shao jointly presented it to Sima Yan, who did not speak after reading it, and died two days later at the age of 55 and was buried in Junyang Mausoleum.
How to objectively evaluate Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty?
In the land of China, "a long time must be united, a long time must be divided" is a historical law, however, after the troubled times of Huaxia Shenzhou, there is always a new dynasty that will end the chaotic situation, and the founding emperor who ended the chaos is generally the dragon and phoenix among the people with superior strength, and the ability in all dimensions is outstanding.
For example, Qin Shi Huang, who unified China for the first time, Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of Sui, who ended nearly 400 years of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and even Qin Fujian, who unified northern China, Tuoba of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang, who expelled Mongolia and founded the Ming Dynasty, etc. However, Sima Yan, the founding emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty after the turmoil of the Three Kingdoms, does not seem to have a particularly good evaluation, why is this?
1. The turning point of the defeat of Soochow.
In fact, Sima Yan is more like an ordinary person than other founding emperors, and his evaluation of him coexists. For example, in the early period of Sima Yan's reign, he worked hard to create a relatively stable social order, known as the "rule of Taikang" in history, but in 280 AD, after conquering Eastern Wu, he suddenly became arrogant and lascivious, lazy and lazy, corrupt and extravagant.
2. The gold content of ending the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms is not high.
If we look back at the history of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei established the Shu Han regime in Chengdu, which was destroyed when Sima Zhao was in power. Then when Sima Yan usurped Wei, his predecessors Sima Yi and Sima Zhao had paved all the roads for him. As for the annexation of Soochow, a large part of the reason was the mediocrity of Sun Hao, the monarch of the Soochow regime at that time, and Soochow was not a relatively stable regime like the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty.
3. Implement the sub-sealing system and turn back history.
When Sima Yan was in power, he did not learn the lessons of the "Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu" in the Western Han Dynasty, and still divided the kings, which was obviously not conducive to the centralization of power. The divided kings directly led to the "Eight Kings Rebellion" that ruined the future of the Western Jin Dynasty. This 16-year-long civil strife caused the country to fall into decay, and this result has a lot to do with Sima Yan's practice of dividing the feud.
4. The Western Jin Dynasty only lasted for a few decades before it collapsed.
Compared with other unified dynasties, the Western Jin Dynasty founded by Sima Yan only allowed the people to live peacefully for only a few decades, and then fell into the turbulent era of "Wuhu entering China and the Northern and Southern Dynasties", which was Sima Yan's top stain.
Therefore, Sima Yan did not get the high praise of history like Qin Shihuang, Liu Bang, Liu Xiu, Zhu Yuanzhang, and Li Yuan. Sima Yan compares horizontally with the founding emperors of other great unified dynasties, and his ability to govern is a negative teaching material. And if you compare all the emperors of China vertically, then Sima Yan's ruling level is still in the middle and upper.
Related topic: Why did "Cao Pi's usurpation of Han" leave no stigma, but "Sima usurped Wei" is difficult to forgive?
Chinese feudal society lasted for nearly two thousand years. The change of dynasties has not stopped. These changes of dynasty are many"Tangwu Revolution"As a template, overthrow the previous generation through war. Good times in antiquity"Zen concession system", which is not mainstream in the future.
However, the interesting thing is that there are not many people who use Zen to make the emperor, but they have caused a lot of trouble. Cao Pi and Sima Yan, who were very similar in their eras, were both called emperors by Zen, but one was called"Dai Han", one is accused of being"Usurpation of Wei", the reputation is far from the same.
1. The causes and consequences of Cao Pi's Zen acceptance.
Cao Pi's acceptance of Zen is not so much that he himself is the emperor, but rather the common victory of Cao Cao and Cao Pi. "coerce the Son of Heaven to order the princes", has long been a well-known image of Cao Cao's women and children. He also did have the strength to persecute Emperor Han Xian to be located in him. However, due to the promise made in his early years that he would never seize the throne, the threat of other separatist forces, and the opposition of some Han courtiers, Cao Cao finally only made the addition of nine tins"The Uncrowned King"。
As Cao Cao's heir, Cao Pi inherited Cao Cao's political capital and also had the hard power to seize the throne. In fact, after Cao Cao's death, he began to force Emperor Xian of Han to take the throne. And what Cao Pi did better than Cao Cao was that he worked hard to win over all the forces he could.
Within Cao Wei, Cao Pi first gained the support of traditional Confucian forces as the eldest son. Mao Jue, Cui Yan and others either persuaded Cao Cao with the scourge of establishing a young child in ancient times, or repeatedly boasted about Cao Pi to Cao Cao. After Cao Pi intended to replace the Han Dynasty, these traditional Confucian scholars turned to promote Cao Pi's replacement of the Han Dynasty"Destiny", which contributed an important force for Cao Pi to get rid of the usurpation and infamy.
Secondly, Cao Pi co-opted many of Cao Cao's old ministries. Jia Xu, Xun You, and Xun Yu, Cao Cao's henchmen, are all Cao Pi's guests. Jia Xu later even directly stood in Cao Pi's position and advised Cao Cao to make Cao Pi the crown prince.
At the same time, Cao Pi also attached great importance to the control of Cao Wei's military power. Xiahou's in-law, who fought the world with Cao Cao back then, was the core of Cao Wei's military and a supporter of Cao Pi. Xiahou Yuan's two sons, Xiahou He and Xiahou Shang, had a close relationship with Cao Pi"Friends of cloth and clothes"to the point of .
As for the courtiers who were originally loyal to the Han family, Cao Pi also adopted many means to win them over. Hua Xin, Wang Lang, etc., who represent the gate valves of traditional families, were allowed to the high positions of Situ and Sikong respectively by Cao Pi. Chen Jiao and Chen Qun, the Shangshu of the Han Dynasty, were also co-opted by Cao Pi and later became Cao Wei's Shangshu.
It can be said that under the overall situation that Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty did not hold real power for a day and the overthrow of the Han family was irreversible, Cao Pi was strong enough"The will of the people"。And before he really accepted the Zen position, he had staged three times in the court that Emperor Han Xian wanted to take the Zen throne but Cao Pi politely refused. This made the change from the Eastern Han Dynasty to Cao Wei completed by Cao Pi reach an unprecedented stability, and also created favorable conditions for Cao Pi's reign after the Han Dynasty.
2. The causes and consequences of Sima Yan's meditation.
On the other hand, Sima Yan. Although he accepted Cao Huan's Zen position was also supported by strength, his foundation for receiving Zen was far inferior to Cao Pi more than 40 years ago.
Sima Yan's political capital is the capital of the infamous Sima clan. Since the scheming Sima Yi, Sima has been accused of wolf ambition. to Sima Yan's father, Sima Zhao's generation"Sima Zhao's heart is well known to passers-by"It's even more spread than that"coerce the Son of Heaven to order the princes"All have to be wide. This makes it impossible for the Sima clan to ignore the fact that they usurped power, no matter how they guide or even beautify it.
At the same time, Sima Yan's personal ability is not as good as Cao Pi. In terms of winning people's hearts, Sima Yan can only be regarded as unsatisfactory. In terms of politics that can influence public opinion more, Sima Yan also made serious mistakes that are difficult for the people to forgive.
3. The difference between Sima Yan and Cao Pi's politics and reputation.
As far as the matter of the Zen position is concerned, Sima Yan and Cao Pi actually have too many similarities. The two of them have even had the same experience of becoming heirs. But after being made emperor by Chan, Sima Yan and Cao Pi embarked on two completely different paths, the faint monarch and the Ming monarch.
As we mentioned earlier, Cao Pi had the support of the humerus of the Han court and Cao Wei. After becoming emperor, Cao Pi implemented the Nine-Rank Official Law, which encircled the world's scattered scholars and cracked down on relatives and eunuchs. In particular, the prohibition of harems and eunuchs** allowed Cao Wei to change the century-old ills of the Han Dynasty, which was of great significance to future generations.
At the same time, Cao Pi implemented a policy of resting with the people, which directly benefited the people. This move combined with Cao Pi's emphasis on talents and the implementation of the Nine Grades Official Law, which made the field farmers and house sergeants praise him very highly. As a result, compared with Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, who had almost no sense of existence before, Cao Pi undoubtedly became a beloved monarch who was in the limelight in the short term.
However, Sima Yan, although he was able to eat and drink well in the early stage of receiving Zen, worked hard to make the country prosperous, and implemented some strategies for the benefit of the country and the people. But after exterminating Eastern Wu and completely unifying the world, he began to drive straight into the faint monarch's"Driveway", extravagant, and mediocre. Later, the Wuhu Chaohua that devastated the Central Plains Soul planted the first seeds in his rule.
Therefore, even if we only look at the political achievements of Sima Yan and Cao Pi, we can make a very clear judgment: Cao Pi is loved, and Sima Yan is hated. Therefore, even if they are all called emperors by Zen, Sima Yan, who was born in the Sima family, is after all"Usurpation of Wei", and Cao Pi is in accordance with the mandate of heaven"Dai Han"。
Who was the father of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty?
Sima Zhao (211 September 6, 265), literally, was a native of Wen County, Hanoi (now Wen County, Henan). During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was a powerful minister, one of the founders of the Western Jin Dynasty. He was the second son of Emperor Xuan Sima Yi and Zhang Chunhua, the younger brother of Sima Shi, and the father of Sima Yan, the founding emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty. In his early years, he fought against Shu with his father and had many military exploits. In the second year of the early Jing Dynasty, he was sealed as the Marquis of Xincheng Township. At the beginning of the year, he moved to Luoyang Diannong Zhonglang General. When Cao Chao, his stepbrother Sima Shi was a general. Monopolize national politics and move towards the road of Wei. In the fifth year of Ganlu, after the death of Emperor Cao Chao of Wei, Cao Huan was established as the emperor. In the fourth year of Jingyuan, he divided his troops and sent Zhonghui, Deng Ai, and Zhuge Xu to attack Shu and destroy it. Feng Jin Gong. In March of the first year of Xianxi, Ding Chou was added as the king of Jin. In the second year of Xianxi, Sima Zhao died of illness, and a few months later, his son Sima Yan became the emperor of Wei, built the Jin Dynasty, and posthumously honored Sima Zhao as Emperor Wen, and the temple name was Taizu.
In his youth, he followed his father Sima Yi to reject Shu Han in the west, to Emperor Sun Wu in the east, and to invade Liaodong in the north. His long career as a military warrior has given him extraordinary political and military prowess. After coming to power, he made outstanding achievements and won the support of the people.
In 280 A.D., the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin, ending the ** situation of "Dingzhi for several generations, fighting for a day, and shedding blood for a hundred years" ("Han Jin Spring and Autumn Edition" Volume 1). Sima Zhao made a major contribution to the unification of the whole country. He was the most outstanding politician and military strategist in the late Three Kingdoms period, one of the founders of the Western Jin Dynasty, and his role in history was comparable to that of Cao Cao, but for a long time, due to the influence of feudal orthodoxy on history, Sima Zhao was regarded by the world as a traitor who usurped the throne.
Sima Zhao's heart, passers-by know" has become a mantra for people to depict all careerists and conspirators. This kind of evaluation seems to be a complete affirmation of the Confucian ethics and the concept that the names of monarchs and ministers cannot be reversed, and it is extremely unfair, so it is necessary to clarify the facts and re-evaluate Sima Zhao as a historical figure.
Who was the mother of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty?
Wang Yuanji was the wife of the famous Sima Zhao in history, the mother of Sima Yan, the founding emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the famous Empress of Virtuous Civilization at that time.
Wang Yuanji was born in the famous aristocratic family of the Wang family, this family began with Wang Yuanji's grandfather Wang Lang, and began to become a family of gate lords, Wang Lang was a famous scholar during the Three Kingdoms period, was a knowledgeable scholar, and her father Wang Su was also a general of Cao Wei and was named the Marquis of Lanling. Wang Su is a very far-sighted person, it is he who sees that Sima Zhao has great potential and will do something in the future, so he married his beloved daughter Wang Yuanji to him, and it turns out that Wang Su is right. Several of Wang Yuanji's brothers are also very famous, and Wang Kai, who later became rich with Shi Chong, is her brother.
Wang Yuanji has been knowledgeable since she was a child, abiding by women's morals, her grandfather Wang Lang likes her very much, it is a pity that Wang Yuanji is not a boy, otherwise she will definitely rely on her to prosper the family. Wang Yuanji is very filial, and after marrying Sima Zhao, she wholeheartedly assists her husband. She has a rigorous demeanor and is a model of harem behavior; She also taught her son well, assisted her son Sima Yan to become the founding emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the mother-son relationship was very good. After Wang Yuanji died, the funeral had passed, and the minister said to Sima Yan that he could remove the mourning clothes, but Sima Yan said that my mother had the grace to raise me, but I didn't serve my mother well, and I couldn't bear it. So he insisted on keeping filial piety for three years, eating vegetarian food for three years, and thanking his mother for his teachings, which is very rare among the royal families of all dynasties. Not only that, in order to express his grief for his mother, Sima Yan also posthumously named the female elders of his maternal uncle's family as his wife, which shows the deep affection between mother and son.
Wang Yuanji is of noble character, she is the queen mother, but she is thrifty by nature, never extravagant, and generous, amiable, after her death, many people in the palace miss her benefits.
Who are the concubines of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty?
1. Yang Yan (August 25, 238, 274), known as Qiongzhi, was born in Huayin County, Hongnong County (now Huayin City, Shaanxi Province), the first empress of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty, and the daughter of Yang Bing, the Tongshi Lang of Cao Wei.
Since his parents died when he was a child, he was raised by his uncle Zhao Jun and lived with his stepmother Duan. Smart and virtuous, good at calligraphy, naturally beautiful, skilled and popular, married to the prince Sima Yan. In the first year of Taishi (265), Emperor Wu of Jin ascended the throne and established the Western Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Taishi (266), Yang Yan was registered as the empress, and was deeply favored by Emperor Wu of Jin, giving birth to three sons and three daughters, including Sima Zhen, Emperor Hui of Jin.
In the tenth year of Taishi (274), he died at the age of thirty-seven at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve, and was buried in the Junyang Mausoleum, nicknamed Empress Wuyuan.
2. Yang Zhi (259-292), the queen of Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, the word Jilan, the small character male Yin, the descendant of Yang Feng, the youngest son of Yang Zhen, the Taiwei of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the great-granddaughter of Yang Zhong, the Taishou of Donglai and Yang Zhong of the Pavilion in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the daughter of Yang Jun, the Taifu of the Western Jin Dynasty, and his wife Pang Shi, and the cousin of Yang Yan, the empress of Wuyuan. Xianning was established as the queen in the second year, and was known as "Wan Ji has a woman's virtue, and the beauty of the pepper room", and was favored by Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty. Gave birth to the Bohai Dead King, early sage, and then had no children. Due to the jealousy of Empress Jia Nanfeng due to his father Yang Jun's unauthorized power, Jia Nanfeng contacted Sima Liang, the king of Runan, and Sima Wei, the king of Chu, to launch a bloody coup d'état, killing Yang Jun, and instigating the minister to write a letter to accuse Yang Zhi of rebellion, so that Emperor Sima Zhen of Jin Hui demoted him to a concubine and took him to live in Kim Yong City, where Yang Zhi soon died of starvation.
3, Wang Yuanji, a native of Linyi (now Linyi City, Shandong Province), was a talented person in the Western Jin Dynasty and Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, and the biological mother of Emperor Sima Chi of the Jin Dynasty. It was not until Emperor Huai of Jin ascended the throne that he caught up with the honorific title for his biological mother, called the Empress Dowager, and buried the Empress Wang Yuanji in Chongyang Mausoleum.
What are the sons of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty?
1. Sima Rail, the word is regular, a native of Wen County, Hanoi (now Wen County, Henan Province). Minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, the eldest son of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty Sima Yan, Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty Sima Zhen has the same brother, and his mother is Yang Yan, the Empress of Wuyuan.
At the beginning of his worship of the Captain, he died at the age of two. In the tenth year of Taikang (289), he was posthumously crowned as the king of Piling, and he was called mourning, with Sima Yi, the son of Sima Wei, the king of Chuyin, as his heir.
2. Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty Sima Zhen (born in 259, died in Chang'an in 306), the word Zhengdu, is the second son of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty and the second emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty. He reigned from 290 to 306. During his reign, the Rebellion of the Eight Kings took place, and the Western Jin Dynasty went to an end.
In the third year of Taishi (267), he was established as the crown prince, and in the first year of Taixi (290), he ascended the throne and changed to Yongxi. Dementia is not responsible, and it was initially assisted by Taifu Yang Jun. Jia Nanfeng killed Yang Jun and seized power. In the rebellion of the eight kings (the first month of 301) by the Zhao king's uncle Sima Lun usurped the throne, as the emperor of the Taishang, imprisoned in Kim Yong City, later Sima Lun died of illness, Emperor Hui of Jin was reinstated, and was held hostage by the kings, like a puppet, suffered **.
On the night of November 17 in the first year of Guangxi (306), Emperor Sima Zhenhui of the Jin Empire died in the Xianyang Hall of Chang'an because of eating Sima Yue's poisonous cakes, at the age of 48, he was buried in the Sun Mausoleum, and his younger brother Sima Chi (284 313) of the Jin Dynasty ascended the throne and changed his name to Yongjia.
3, Sima Cambodia (October 23, 262, 291), the word Hongdu, the third son of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty, the younger brother of Emperor Sima Zhen of the Jin Dynasty, the mother of the Empress Yang Yan of Wuyuan, the clan of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the princes of the princes.
Sima Cambodia was calm and intelligent, courageous and measured, and was deeply favored by his father, Emperor Wu of Jin. In the sixth year of Taishi (270 years), he was named the king of Runan. In the third year of Xianning (277), he was renamed the king of Nanyang, and served as the general of the left, the general of the right army, and the regular attendant of the scattered cavalry. Emperor Wu of Jin granted him permission to live in the mansion of Sima You, the king of Qixian.
In the tenth year of Taikang (289), he was renamed the king of Qin, and there were 80,000 households, which was the most food among the kings of the Central Plains at that time. Later, he was reappointed as General Zhenxi and Lieutenant of Xirong. After Emperor Hui of Jin succeeded to the throne, he successively served as a hussar general, Kaifu Yitong Sansi, Shizhong, Lu Shang Shushi, and general. After Yang Jun was killed, Sima Cambodia was deeply disturbed and repeatedly asked to return to the feudal state, but was kept in the capital by his uncle Sima Liang, the king of Runan, until Sima Liang and Sima Wei were killed successively, and the time was called Sima Cambodia prescient.
In the first year of Yuankang (291), Sima Cambodia died at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve, and was given the title of King Xian, and was buried according to the funeral specifications of King Sima You. In the first year of Yongning (301), Sima Yu and his father Sima Yun, the king of Huainan, were killed, and Sima Ye, the son of another younger brother Sima Yan, was awarded the title of King of Qin.
4. Sima Wei (271 291), known as Yandu, was a native of Wen County, Hanoi County (now Wen County, Henan Province). Minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, the fifth son of Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty, the half-brother of Emperor Sima Zhen of the Jin Dynasty, and his mother is an aesthetic person.
In the third year of Xianning (277 years), he was first crowned the king of Shiping, and he started to ride as a captain. In the tenth year of Taikang (289), he was canonized as the king of Chu and served as the general of Zhennan and the governor of Jingzhou. Emperor Hui of Jin succeeded to the throne, and moved the general of the guard, the lieutenant of the Northern Army, the servant, and the prince and young master.
In the first year of Yuanyasu (July 26, 291), he learned that Dazai Sima Liang and Tai Baobao suggested returning to the feudal country, led the troops to launch a rebellion, and was defeated and killed.
5. Sima Ying (279-306), a native of Wen County, Hanoi, Sizhou (now Wen County, Henan). The sixteenth son of Emperor Sima Yan of Jin Wu, the brother of Emperor Hui of Jin and Emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty, and the uncle of Emperor Sima Ye of Jin. "Book of Jin" volume 59 Liebiography 29 Lieutenant General He and 7 other clan vassal kings jointly passed on, so he is known as the "Eight Kings", and Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, is one of the kings of the "Eight Kings Rebellion".
In the tenth year of Taikang (289), he was named the king of Chengdu. In 299, due to a grudge against Jia Mi, Empress Jia Nanfeng issued an edict as the general of Pingbei and guarded Yecheng (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei). In 301, Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, usurped the throne, and Sima Jian, the king of Qi, rebelled. In 302, Sima Jian, the king of Qi, was in power, and Sima Ying, the king of Hejian, counted his crimes, and Sima Ying responded with troops. In 303, he conspired with Sima Hao to attack Sima Yi, the king of Changsha. In 304, Sima Yue imprisoned Sima Yi and surrendered to the combined forces of Ying and Hao.
After Sima Ying removed Sima Yi in the court, he added 20 counties, worshiped the prime minister, and became the emperor's younger brother. During this period, Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, reached the peak of his power. In August, Wang Jun and Sima Teng crusaded against Sima Ying, and Sima Ying and others coerced Emperor Hui to go to Luoyang. In December, Sima Hao deposed the emperor's younger brother Ying and sent him back to the domain. In September 306, Dunqiu Taishou Feng Song took charge of Wang Ying and his two sons in Chengdu, and sent Ye, and Sima Yu, the king of Fanyang, could not bear to kill him. In October, Sima Yu died violently. Yu Changshi Liu Yu gave death to Ying and his two sons. He was 28 years old.
6, Sima Yan (281 311), the word Pingdu, the twenty-third son of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, the half-brother of Emperor Sima Zhen of the Jin Hui Emperor and Sima Chi of the Huai Emperor of the Jin Dynasty, and the father of the Emperor Sima Ye of the Jin Dynasty. Mother Mrs. Li, the Western Jin Dynasty, was an important minister during the Jin Huai Emperor period.
In the tenth year of Taikang (289), he was named King of Wu. He successively served as a captain of the shooting sound and a general of the rear army. In the first year of Yongkang (300), he was implicated in the killing of his brother Sima Yun, the king of Huainan, and was killed in the crusade against Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, and was demoted to the king of Bintu County. Later, he was renamed the acting king, and soon reinstated the title of king of Wu, and was promoted to the general of the army and the servant.
During the Yongjia period (307-312), he served as a general and a lieutenant, but was unable to go to court due to poor eyesight and wind disease. In the fifth year of Yongjia (311), the Han and Zhao armies invaded Luoyang, and Sima Yan was killed along with many clans at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve. After his son Sima Ye ascended the throne, he posthumously honored the king (a filial piety king) and posthumously presented the Taibao.
7. Emperor Sima Chi of Jin Huai (284-313) reigned for 7 years from 307 to 313.
Emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty Sima Chi (284 March 14, 313), the word abundance, the twenty-fifth son of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty Sima Yan, the half-brother of Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, the mother Wang Yuanji, the third emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty, reigned in 307 AD 311. At the beginning of the reign of King Yuzhang, during the reign of Emperor Hui, he was made the emperor's younger brother. After Sima Yue poisoned Emperor Hui, Sima Chi was raised as emperor and changed his name to "Yongjia". During this period, the Wuhu began to establish an independent regime, but the power struggle within the Jin dynasty also became increasingly serious. In the first month of 311, Emperor Huai of Jin secretly edicted Xun Xi to fight against Sima Yue, and issued an edict in March to crusade, Sima Yue died of illness in the same month, and everyone recommended Wang Yan as marshal. In April, Wang Yan and Shi Le fought at Ningping City, and the Jin army was annihilated. In June, the Xiongnu Liu Cong's army invaded Luoyang, and Emperor Huai of Jin was captured on his way to Chang'an. In 313, Emperor Huai of Jin was poisoned by Liu Cong with poisoned wine at the age of 30.
Extended Information: A brief introduction to the Jin Dynasty of the Chinese Dynasty.
The Jin Dynasty (265-420 years) was divided into two periods, the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty was one of the nine great unified dynasties in Chinese history, the two Jin Dynasty inherited the Three Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty belonged to one of the six dynasties.
In 266, Sima Yan usurped Wei, the founding number was Jin, the capital was Luoyang, known as the Western Jin Dynasty in history, and in 280 years he destroyed Eastern Wu and completed unification, and then experienced the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings". Emperor Jin moved the capital to Chang'an, destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty in 316, and established 16 countries, known as the "Five Hu Chaohua" in history. In 317, the Jin Dynasty crossed to the south, and Sima Rui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty had many northern expeditions. In 383, it was temporarily consolidated after the battle between the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the former Qin Dynasty. During the two Jin Dynasty periods, ethnic minorities moved to the Central Plains, which strengthened ethnic integration, and northerners moved south to develop the Jiangnan region. The total duration of the two Jin Dynasty is one hundred and fifty-six years. In 420, Liu Yu established the Song Dynasty, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished.
Although the Jin Dynasty was a period of decline in Chinese culture since the end of the Han Dynasty, there were also new developments in philosophy, literature, art, historiography, science and technology. The culture of the two Jin Dynasty is developing towards diversification, which is an era of cultural creation, conflict and integration, due to the breaking of the exclusive status of Confucianism, philosophy, literature, art, history and science and technology have been innovated, and some have become independent studies. Contemporary ideas include metaphysics, Taoism, and Buddhism, which spread from India to the East. Because the frontier ethnic groups brought the grassland culture, the Eastern Jin Dynasty had the Central Plains culture and the Jiangnan culture, and the two sides gradually carried out cultural exchanges or ethnic integration.
Before the Han Dynasty, the political sovereignty was completely in the Huaxia people, but after the Han Dynasty, the political sovereignty was not all in the Huaxia people, and the grassland nomadic culture brought by the border peoples was also integrated into the Central Plains culture. When the world was in turmoil, most of the scholars did not attach importance to morality, and Confucianism declined. Broad people, witnessing the decline and chaos, are unwilling to hide, so they entrust it to be relaxed, so they open the wind of clear talk. The prosperity of the Jin room, the chaos of the world has not ended, and the disciples of Xiang Xiu are still Xuanfeng. Metaphysics and Buddhism from the East of India converged, and Chinese culture gradually transformed into a state of integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.
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