Requirements for the location of building settlement observation points
1. Principles for the layout of subsidence observation points.
The following principles should be followed in the layout of settlement observation points:
1.Representativeness: The observation point should fully reflect the settlement of the building and be representative of the characteristics of different parts of the building.
2.Stability: The observation point should be set in a stable and reliable position to ensure that it is not easy to be displaced or damaged during the observation.
3.Convenience: The observation point should be easy to install, measure and protect, and will not affect the normal use of the building.
4.Appropriateness: According to the scale and characteristics of the building, the number and distribution range of observation points should be reasonably determined.
2. The location of the settlement observation point.
According to the characteristics of the building and the actual situation, the settlement observation points should be laid in the following locations:
1.The four corners of the building, load-bearing walls, columns and other main stressed parts: these parts are sensitive areas for building settlement, and observation points should be set up for monitoring.
2.Parts with large height difference or large load change: These parts are easy to cause settlement differences, and observation points need to be set at corresponding locations.
3.Complex geological conditions or soft soil areas: these areas have high earth pressure and obvious foundation settlement, so observation points should be set up at key parts.
4.Basement and foundation bottom plane: The basement and foundation bottom plane are the main areas of building settlement, and observation points should be set up here.
5.Both sides of the settlement joint: The settlement joint is the weak part of the building, and observation points need to be set on both sides for easy monitoring.
3. Layout method of settlement observation points.
1.Buried observation points: According to the design requirements and the actual situation of the site, select appropriate materials and specifications to bury the observation points. Commonly used observation point materials are steel plates, steel bars, etc., which need to be stable and reliable.
2.Marking: Make obvious signs at the observation points to facilitate subsequent measurements. Signs can be colored, stickered, or hung with signs.
3.Determine the observation route and period: According to the requirements of subsidence observation, determine the reasonable observation route and period. The observation route should follow the principle of from the whole to the part, and the period can be adjusted according to the progress of the project and the actual situation.
4.Initial value measurement: Before the start of the observation, the initial value of all observation points is measured and recorded. Initial values should be measured multiple times to ensure the accuracy of the data.
5.Daily observation: According to the determined observation route and period, the settlement observation of the building is carried out on a regular basis, and the data is recorded. If abnormal settlement is found, measures should be taken to deal with it in time.
6.Data collation and analysis: collation, analysis and processing of observation data, calculation of the average settlement amount, settlement rate and inclination of the building, and evaluation of the safety status of the building. If an abnormal situation is found, measures should be taken to deal with it in time.
4. Precautions.
1.During the construction of the building, attention should be paid to protecting the settlement observation point to avoid damage or displacement.
2.For buildings in areas with complex geological conditions or soft soil, the number and density of observation points should be increased according to the actual situation to improve the accuracy and reliability of monitoring.
3.When carrying out settlement observation, the accuracy and reliability of the measuring instrument should be ensured, the measurement specifications and requirements should be complied with, and the influence of human error on the observation results should be avoided.
4.For large or important buildings, it is recommended to use automated or semi-automated settlement observation systems for monitoring to improve the efficiency and accuracy of observation.
5.During the settlement observation period, the building should be inspected regularly, and if abnormal conditions or potential safety hazards are found, measures should be taken to deal with it in time to ensure the safe use of the building.