In late June 2023, Shandong will have another bumper harvest of summer grain. Among the 60 million mu of wheat in the province this year, the area of Jimai 44, a new variety of super gluten wheat, has reached more than 7 million mu, and it has become the largest strong gluten wheat variety in Shandong for three consecutive years.
For a long time, the promotion speed of strong gluten wheat has not been fast due to its low yield and weak stress resistance. However, as a super gluten wheat that has passed the variety approval in Shandong Province for less than 5 years, why can Jimai 44 be quickly recognized by grain farmers?
High yield, good quality
All have to have!
On the morning of June 2, before 7 o'clock, Cao Xinyou, a researcher at the Crop Research Institute of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and his colleagues came to the test field to harvest mature test materials with sickles and nets. For these breeding materials, which are only numbered, researchers will then have to carry out a series of work such as threshing, identification, and screening.
To cultivate a new wheat variety, after at least six generations of screening, it is necessary to comprehensively balance various traits such as yield, quality, disease resistance, and lodging resistance from thousands of hybrid combinations, and finally find the optimal combination. As the main breeder of Jimai 44, Cao Xinyou has participated in the breeding of 15 new wheat varieties.
As the saying goes, sugar cane is not sweet at both ends. In the field of breeding, yield and quality are often not the best way to do so. "High yield is not high quality, high quality is not high yield" has become a "ceiling" that can hardly be broken through. As a star variety of high-quality wheat, Jimai 44 combines the characteristics of super strong gluten, high yield, wide adaptability, and disease resistance, making the dream of both high yield and high quality of wheat a reality, and achieving "sugarcane is sweet at both ends".
In the past year alone, Jimai 44 has achieved a series of eye-catching results.
On May 8 this year, the 2022 National High-quality Special Wheat Quality Evaluation and Industrial Development Conference was held in Wuyang County, Anhui Province, at which the results of the 2022 high-quality special wheat quality evaluation were released, and Jimai 44 scored first among all the participating varieties.
In the summer of 2022, Jimai 44 performed well. On June 9 of that year, the average yield per mu of Longzhuang Farm in Suozhen, Tengzhou City, was 80172 kg. Eight days later, on June 17, the average yield per mu in Fujia Village, Zhangxing Town, Zhaoyuan City, was 8086 kg, twice refreshed the national super gluten wheat high yield record.
Cao Xinyou told reporters that in 2018, Jimai 44 passed the approval of Shandong Province, and successively passed the introduction of Hebei and Shanxi for the record, and Anhui Province and the national Huanghuai North and South Pieces were approved, which fully illustrates the wide adaptability characteristics of this variety.
The drastic drop in November last year did not result in the death of the trees. After returning to green, there was no stripe rust, stem base rot, etc. Zhang Ping, head of the Huimin Crop Planting Professional Cooperative in Hanting District, Weifang City, said.
This cooperative planted 1,800 acres of Jimai 44 in 2018, and then expanded the planting area year by year, and this year the whole company 1050,000 mu of wheat, 95% is Jimai 44.
Jimai 44 combines high-yield traits with high-quality traits, which is very effective for us to adjust the structure and accelerate the high-quality development of agriculture, especially the seed industry. Liu Luxiang, chief scientist of the national wheat industry technology system, commented.
One seed for generations
Decades!
Exploring the cultivation process of Jimai 44, we can see the solid accumulation of the wheat genetics and breeding team of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences for decades.
Cao Xinyou introduced that Jimai 44 was formed by the combination and cross-breeding of Jinan 17 and 954072. Jinan 17 is China's first annual promotion area of more than 10 million acres of bread wheat (strong gluten wheat).
Since the 80s of the 20th century, under the leadership of Zhao Zhendong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the wheat genetics and breeding team of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has begun to develop new varieties of strong gluten wheat and has accumulated a large number of germplasm resources. In 1999, Jinan 17 passed the approval of Shandong Province, and the planting area reached 11.14 million mu in 2000, and a total of 62.5 million mu has been planted so far.
Later, the team cultivated a high-yield and widely suitable wheat variety Jimai 22, which wrote a legend of domestic wheat. This variety was approved by Shandong Province and the state in 2006 and 2007. In 2011, 38.77 million mu were sown in autumn, accounting for 11 percent of the country's winter wheat area09%。Since then, the promotion area has been promoted for many years, ranking first among all varieties. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 130 varieties approved for parental breeding with Jimai 22, which means that its "descendants" have spread all over the country.
The abundant accumulation of wheat breeding materials is an important reason for the emergence of excellent varieties. These materials have been made by the breeding team from generation to generation. Cao Xinyou said.
Cao Xinyou, born in 1981, joined the wheat genetics and breeding team of the Institute of Crop Research of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences after graduating with a doctorate in 2009. "Breeding is a very practical work, and only when you go to the field can you really find problems. Modern instruments and equipment are only auxiliary means to improve the efficiency of breeding. Cao Xin was deeply touched. The younger generation of scientific research personnel basically enter scientific research institutes directly from universities, and they lack practical experience in production. To this end, academician Zhao Zhendong, who is over eighty years old, and other older generation breeders regularly lead young people into experimental fields and production fields to make up for their practical shortcomings.
Academician Zhao often tells us to think more and associate more with the inner quality from the external performance of wheat. For example, in the process of wheat filling, the ears of wheat should be pinched every day, and the process of ear changes can be clearly felt for several days in a row. If the expansion is fast, it means that the wheat source pool is unobstructed, and it also means that the selection of breeding materials is correct. Cao Xinyou said.
For decades, the Jimai series has been famous, and it is inseparable from the advanced scientific research consciousness of generations of breeders. According to Cao Xinyou, many varieties, including Jimai 44, have been followed up by the second round of improvement before the approval, which is equivalent to "patching" and "upgrading" the new varieties.
Heavy management has accounting
Rush to do it!
Most of the traditional wheat varieties in China are suitable for processing steamed bread, noodles and other cooked foods, but due to insufficient gluten content, the baking processing effect is poor. As consumers' demand for pasta becomes more diversified, China imports some high-gluten and low-gluten wheat suitable for making bread, cakes and other foods as a structural supplement every year.
Jimai 44 meets the market demand for super gluten wheat. Zhang Xin, chairman of Shandong Bilong Noodle Industry Co., Ltd., said that their company began to introduce Jimai 44 in its own base in 2018, and after comparison, Jimai 44 can replace imported wheat in gluten index, water absorption and stability, and can process high-grade flour.
For many years, farmers do not like to grow strong gluten wheat, mainly because the yield is low, even if the purchase is high, the income is still not high. Today, Jimai 44 has the dual advantages of high quality and high yield, which makes grain farmers more accountable.
This year's wheat output of the Huimin Crop Planting Professional Cooperative fully met Zhang Ping's expectations. He said that in recent years, with the improvement of planting management experience, the yield of Jimai 44 has been rising, last year the yield per mu was about 1,350 catties, and this year it reached 1,400 catties. "The flour mill can purchase super gluten wheat, which can be 8 cents to 1 cent higher per catty than ordinary wheat, and more than 10,000 acres of land can increase income by more than 1 million yuan. ”
On May 29 this year, a national high-quality wheat industry seminar was held in Bincheng District, Binzhou City. Xu Weigang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, commented after inspecting the Jimai 44 planting base in Chawu San Village, Lize Street, Bincheng District: "In terms of the development of strong gluten wheat, Jimai 44 has reached a new level, which is a major breakthrough in the breeding of strong gluten wheat varieties in China. Jimai 44 will play a huge role in improving the quality and efficiency of the wheat industry and further improving the flour products. ”
Li Wei, a reporter for the popular newspaper and the rural masses