Since the beginning of winter this year, there has been widespread rain, snow and freezing weather in many provinces, and the cumulative snowfall in some areas is close to or exceeds the same period in history, which is extreme. Strong cooling, strong wind, rain and snow weather process is obviously unfavorable to the safe wintering of fruit trees and the production of fruit trees in facilities, strong winds or large amounts of rain and snow may cause some fruit trees to be frozen, and may also cause some facility greenhouses to be blown down by the wind or collapsed and damaged, so that the fruit trees in the shed are frozen. How should fruit industry people prevent it? In this issue, we will introduce orchard management techniques to our readers.
Apples: Rootstock mulching
The main effects of the strong cooling process on apple trees are:Frost damage to the treeOne isThe existing M9 series dwarf rootstocks have poor frost resistance, and the sharp cooling can easily cause frost damage to the rootstock part of the dwarf orchard, resulting in the freezing and death of the whole plant. The second isThe young trees and orchards planted in that year have a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the tree body is vigorous, and the leaves fall late, the nutrients are not fully returned, the cold resistance of the tree is weak, and the short-term rapid cooling will lead to the freezing of the vigorous tree body and cause the withdrawal of dead branches and dead trees.
Precautionary measures:
1.: Rootstock mulchingFor dwarf rootstock orchards, the dwarf rootstock part exposed to the ground can be cultivated or covered with crop straw and grass felt in the tree tray to prevent frost damage to the rootstock.
2.Remove snow from trees in time after snow. After snowfall, remove snow from trees or seedlings in time, especially in orchards that have not fallen leaves, to prevent seedlings and trees from lodging caused by heavy snow.
3.Timely watering and sealing water. Before the arrival of the cold snap, the orchard should be irrigated in time to keep the ground temperature relatively stable, thereby reducing frost damage. In addition, the sharp cooling will also cause harm to the orchard irrigation facilities, and the water stored in the orchard irrigation pipeline should be emptied in time to avoid freezing and damaging the pipeline at low temperature.
Apricots, plums: Apricot root neck soil
Precautionary measures:
1.Before the rain, snow and freezing weather comes, the whole park will be filled with frozen water in time.
2.The trunk is whitened, the roots and necks are soiled, covered and thorned for protection.
3.Orchards that are thriving and have not fallen their leaves should be smoked upwind before spraying antifreeze or cold snaps;
4.Drain the drip irrigation facility of stagnant water and remove snow from trees and facilities in a timely manner.
Grapes: Lower the skirt film to keep warm
Grapes like temperature but not cold resistance, and when the grape vine body has not completed the cold resistance exercise, the cliff cooling is easy to cause damage to the grapes.
Precautionary measures:
1.Cold shed cultivation put down the skirt film insulation.
2.Rain-sheltered cultivation with skirting or windbreak material hanging on the north and west sides.
3.After the young trees are buried in the soil or taken off the shelves, they are covered with straw, colored striped cloth, plastic film and other materials.
Large cherries: Do a good job of inspection and repair
1.The cherry orchard or tree tray irrigation orchard is filled with frozen water, which should be filled and thoroughly irrigated.
2.Conditional whitening protection of cherry trunks.
3.It is necessary to do a good job in the reinforcement of cherry facilities and greenhouses, as well as the inspection and repair of materials such as film and thermal insulation quilts.
4.Finally, drain the water in the orchard irrigation pipes and water tanks as soon as possible, and wrap the key parts with thermal insulation cotton to do a good job of anti-freezing treatment.
Kiwi: Spray fruit tree antifreeze
If the cooling range is larger, the main trunk can be whitened first, and then the whole garden can be sprayed with antifreeze for fruit trees 1-2 times, and finally the trunk can be wrapped with corn stalks, straw, straw, etc5 meters high; When the drop is not large, you can spray antifreeze or whitening agent on the surface of the trunk and large main branches.
For the newly planted young trees in the current year, the soil mound with a height of 30-35 cm can be cultivated with roots and necks, cut off and dry at 10 cm above the mound, and the cut can be treated with wound protector.
Soft-seeded pomegranate: The anvil is wrapped
Compared with hard-seeded pomegranates, soft-seeded pomegranates are not cold-tolerant and freeze damage occurs below -8. In view of the low temperature in winter, the following measures can be taken to slow down the occurrence of frost damage of soft-seeded pomegranates
1.Physical measures are one of the most direct and effective methods, such as burying seedlings in the soil to prevent cold, wrapping trees, smoking orchards, artificial warming, etc.
2.Graft soft-seeded pomegranates on hard-seeded pomegranates and choose soft-seeded pomegranate varieties that are more resistant to cold, such as Medium Pomegranate No. 4.
3.Agronomic measures, such as appropriate loading, increased nutrient supply, pest and disease control, etc., to enhance tree strength.
4.Facility cultivation is used in areas prone to frost damage and protection is carried out in the months when the temperature is lowest.
Strawberries: Spray foliar fertilizer
Strawberry production mostly uses large arch sheds, poor thermal insulation performance, low temperature and snowfall weather, light freeze damage flowers and fruits, heavy collapse of the shed, causing serious harm to strawberry production. Strawberries in this season will suffer a significant reduction in yield if they suffer from frost damage. In order to cope with heavy snowfall and cold snaps, it is necessary to do a good job of cold protection, greenhouse reinforcement and snow removal, and the temperature in the strawberry greenhouse should be maintained at least 3 or more to ensure that the strawberry flowers and young fruits are not damaged by frost to avoid losses.
Precautionary measures:
1.Increase the number of layers covered by the canopy, double skirt or straw curtains, warm lamps, and burning heating blocks.
2.Strengthen the greenhouse, pay attention to windproof, and do a good job of reinforcing the greenhouse.
3.Foliar fertilizer was sprayed to improve the resistance of strawberry plants.