Chiang Kai-shek's diary Sun Yat-sen is not a descendant
The father of the nation, Mr. Sun Yat-sen, was revered by the world, but his only son, Sun Ke, did not live up to people's expectations. As the second generation of magnates, Sun Ke has participated in almost all the major events in history, and it seems to be everywhere.
However, he did not have a far-reaching impact, and even lived a bleak life in his later years. Some people criticized him as "Adou who couldn't be helped", saying that he had good cards, but he played poorly.
Even, Chiang Kai-shek directly accused him in his diary of being "an unscrupulous descendant of the premier!" ”
Sun Ke, Sun Yat-sen's eldest son, was born in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County, Guangdong, and is the child of Sun Yat-sen and his original wife Lu Muzhen. Lu Muzhen was born in a scholarly family, and she was a lady with little feet, which was very different from Sun Yat-sen's radical revolutionary thoughts, resulting in less gathering and more separation between the two, and their feelings were estranged.
During Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary career, Lu Muzhen took on huge family responsibilities and raised her children alone. Despite this, Lu Muzhen still supports Sun Yat-sen's career and is a respectable woman.
Sun Ke spent his childhood in Honolulu, USA, and this period had a profound impact on his life. His father, Sun Yat-sen, often sent him all kinds of Chinese and foreign classics, and he also fell in love with reading under the influence of his father.
Although Lu Muzhen is not highly educated, she attaches great importance to education, and has taught Sun Ke to read the "Three Character Classic" and practice calligraphy since she was a child. Later, Sun Mei invited teachers for the surrounding overseas Chinese children, and Sun Ke had the opportunity to learn systematically, not only with a solid foundation in Chinese studies, but also with certain attainments in calligraphy.
In 1907, Sun Ke was admitted to the University of California, Berkeley, where he received his master's and doctorate degrees from Columbia University.
Sun Ke: A young and promising revolutionary During his studies in Colombia, Sun Ke was not only the president of the student union in the United States, but also married Chen Shuying and had two sons.
Despite his modest life, he actively promoted the Chinese Revolution with enthusiasm and showed the vitality and talent of young people. As early as the age of 16, Sun Ke joined the League in Honolulu, and later assisted Lu Xin in founding the Free News to expose the reactionary behavior of the Qing court among the overseas Chinese.
After returning to China in 1917, he followed his father to join the revolution and officially stepped into the ** country, serving as secretary of the Senate of the Extraordinary Congress and editor of the English Times in Guangzhou. Sun Yat-sen, when carrying out uprisings and revolutionary activities, often faced the problem of lack of funds.
Sun Ke was in charge of fundraising and arms purchases in the Macao office, and made important contributions to the revolutionary cause. His performance has been praised many times by Sun Yat-sen, proving that he is not the kind of boy who is a gentleman or a boy who can't be helped.
In general, Sun Ke was a young and promising revolutionary who made important contributions to China's independence and liberation.
Sun Ke, as the son of Sun Yat-sen, grew up with his mother since he was a child, and got along with his father very little, and his mother's vision and values were very different from Sun Yat-sen's, which led to Sun Ke forming a mercenary and narrow-minded character.
Although he relied on his father's prestige, he also had a proud and domineering side. After Sun Yat-sen found out that his son was secretly "forming a gang", he was deeply disappointed and thought that he could not achieve great things.
But Sun Ke's character has been established, and Sun Yat-sen can only accept it. In 1921, when Guangzhou was established, Sun Yat-sen, under the persuasion of Hu Hanmin and others, reluctantly agreed to Sun Ke as the first mayor.
During his six-year tenure, Sun Ke has shown the ability to stand on his own.
Sun Yat-sen drew on the experience of foreign urban planning, carried out scientific planning and reorganization of municipal institutions in Guangzhou, and founded the Public Utilities Bureau and the Public Security Bureau. Under his leadership, Guangzhou was revitalized and became the pioneer of China's modern urban system.
However, Sun Ke's youthful ambition, short-tempered, and arbitrary shortcomings also appeared. He was arrogant and arrogant, and regarded everyone below his father as nothing, and those around him respected him.
In 1923, in order to attack the rebel Chen Jiongming, Sun Yat-sen notified Hu Hanmin to go to Guangzhou City to extract 500,000 oceans. Hu Hanmin's adjutant Zhang Meng took the ATM form issued by Hu Hanmin and went to the city hall to ask for money.
Unexpectedly, after Sun Ke saw the withdrawal order, he unceremoniously threw it on the ground and loudly declared: "How can there be so much money? I'm not going to make money! This move made Zhang Meng very embarrassed.
Sun Yat-sen was very angry at Sun Ke's refusal to give Hu Hanmin face, and decided to intervene himself. He harshly reprimanded Sun Ke for his misdeeds, and took a pistol from the guard's hand and aimed it at Sun Ke.
However, Hu Hanmin stopped Sun Yat-sen in time and hugged him. Eventually, Sun was forced to admit his mistake and make the payment. However, this incident had a great negative impact on Sun Ke's image within the KMT, and he was criticized and opposed by many as a result.
In his letter to him, Sun Yat-sen stressed the importance of solidarity and hoped that he would correct his mistakes. However, Sun Ke's political behavior has always been capricious, with a strong "young master temper", and often opportunistic.
While this kind of behavior may bring temporary benefits, it will eventually be despised, and he has been reduced to a pawn in power games many times.
Sun Yat-sen put forward the three major policies of "uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers", which were deeply supported by the people. However, in May 1924, Sun Ke formed an organization called the "Nandi Club" under the instigation of some **, and gathered a group of "** to blatantly oppose his father's policy."
At the same time, he colluded closely with the "Xishan Conference faction" that opposed the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, which made Sun Yat-sen feel heartbroken and scolded "Rebel!" In March 1925, Sun Yat-sen failed to see the realization of the Three People's Principles and passed away regretfully.
Before his death, he was still concerned about the Three People's Principles and instructed his children to unite and help each other and continue his legacy. In 1926, when the Northern Expeditionary Army was in full swing, Sun Ke suddenly remembered his father's last words, changed his attitude, and began to support his father's three major policies in a high-profile manner.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Sun Ke went to the Soviet Union many times to seek cooperation and support.
Sun Ke established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in 1932 and played a key role in important events such as the Soviet Union's dispatch of troops to the northeast in 1945. He firmly believed that the Soviet Union was the most supportive country in the world of China's war of resistance.
In terms of "helping peasants and workers", Sun Ke firmly supported and helped more than 300 million workers and peasants, believing that the mistakes of the Xinhai Revolution should not be repeated, and even made Chen Duxiu mistakenly believe that he was a "real revolutionary leader".
However, less than a year later, with the outbreak of the counter-revolutionary coup d'état of April 12, the White Terror was pervasive. Realizing the seriousness of the situation, Sun Ke changed his position and returned to his position against the three major policies.
This kind of speculative behavior of swinging towards Qin and Twilight and vacillating positions is confusing, and even the people around him feel confused.
In Sun Ke's political career, the intersection with Chiang Kai-shek occupied a large part, and their relationship was full of ups and downs, constituting a picture of modern political ecology. Although Chiang Kai-shek was four years older than Sun Ke, Sun Ke, as the "crown prince", had a much higher starting point.
When Sun Ke was mayor of Guangzhou, Chiang Kai-shek was only engaged in speculative trading in Shanghai. However, Chiang Kai-shek, through his own efforts and skill, rose rapidly, and surpassed Sun Ke in the Kuomintang.
In Sun Yat-sen's eyes, Chiang Kai-shek's ability and courage far surpassed Sun Ke's. However, Sun Ke was self-righteous and always regarded himself as Sun Yat-sen's successor, full of jealousy and resentment towards Chiang Kai-shek.
After Sun Yat-sen's death, Sun Ke participated in the election of the first person as one of the national executive committees, but only won one vote and was completely out, while Wang Jingwei was elected with a unanimous vote.
After Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" incident, he formed a new ** in Nanjing, and launched a fierce confrontation with the regime led by Wang Jingwei in Wuhan. At this time, Sun Ke stood on Wang Jingwei's side and claimed that Wang Jingwei was Sun Yat-sen's real ** person, which put Chiang Kai-shek in a passive position.
However, with the occurrence of the "Ninghan Confluence", Chiang Kai-shek re-emerged as commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army and chairman of the Kuomintang, while Wang Jingwei lost power. Then, Sun Ke turned to support Chiang Kai-shek, and served as the Minister of Railways and Vice President of the Examination Institute in Nanjing**.
In 1931, the contradiction between Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Hanmin intensified, and Sun Ke sided with Hu Hanmin and participated in the "Lushan Assassination of Chiang Incident" planned by Wang Yaqiao.
Subsequently, he cooperated with Wang Jingwei again, established the Kuomintang ** in Guangzhou, formed an anti-Chiang alliance, and forced Chiang Kai-shek to go into the wilderness. This time, Sun Ke openly made enemies of Chiang Kai-shek, and the contradictions between the two sides reached a climax.
Although Chiang Kai-shek publicly praised Sun Ke's magnanimity and vision, he privately despised his character. In Chiang Kai-shek's diary, he called Sun Ke a "despicable and greedy man who was incorruptible and shameless", and he had mixed feelings about Sun Ke's father, the Father of the Nation, admiring the greatness of his personality and incomprehensible about Sun Ke's insincerity.
In Chiang Kai-shek's power struggle, the anti-Chiang alliance of Sun Ke and others could not last, and was eventually defeated. However, Chiang Kai-shek still showed his magnanimous side and allowed Sun Ke to take the position of president of the Legislative Council.
At this time, Sun Ke realized that he could not be compared with Chiang Kai-shek.
After following Chiang Kai-shek, Sun Ke abandoned his factional feuds. Sun Ke had tried to implement the Western constitutional system and separation of powers, but Chiang Kai-shek was used to **, and Sun Ke had to give up.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Sun Ke fully supported Chiang Kai-shek in starting the civil war. Despite the defeat of the Kuomintang army by the People's Liberation Army, Chiang Kai-shek was successfully elected **. However, the election of deputy ** became fierce, and Li Zongren became the most popular candidate.
Li Zongren is the leader of the Gui faction, which is the most powerful local faction. In the "Central Plains War", Li Zongren almost caused Chiang Kai-shek to suffer a big loss. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek has always been wary of Li Zongren, and the relationship between the two has always been "harmonious on the surface, but discordant on the inside".
Chiang Kai-shek, fearing that Li Zongren would take his place, had the support of the United States. So he proposed to let Sun Ke run for deputy **, and Sun Ke won the support of the Kuomintang elders by virtue of his blood advantage.
However, Li Zongren did not sit still, and his think tank Huang Shaohong planned a ** war and used "Saving the Country**" to scandal Sun Ke's private life. Sun Ke's life is chaotic, although his original wife Chen Shuying is educating his children alone in the United States, he is still not satisfied, and there are often scandals.
This struggle shows the cruelty and ruthlessness of the power struggle.
In 1932, Sun Ke recruited Yan Aijuan, a romantic woman, as his secretary and spent four years together. In 1935, Sun Ke abandoned the pregnant Yan Aijuan and turned to the beautiful Lanni.
Yan Aijuan took Sun Ke to court, and Sun Ke was forced to settle the settlement. After hearing the news, Chen Shuying came back from the United States to question. Sun Ke ignored the new "monogamy" rule advocated by Song Meiling and insisted on making Lan Ni his concubine.
Lanni is in the real estate business in Shanghai, has ties to traitors, and becomes a strong woman in the business world. Now Sun Ke is running for deputy **, and Lan Ni is actively canvassing for him. The opponent ** Sun Ke covered up the scandal of Lanni doing business with traitors.
Sun Ke is in a difficult situation, and although he tries to clear his connection with Lanni, he can't escape the influence. Hit by this, Lannie left Sunko with her daughter and devoted herself to her new life.
After four rounds of fierce voting, Sun Ke finally lost to Li Zongren by a slight disadvantage of 1295 votes to 1438 votes and failed to become a deputy **. "Lenny scandal"It was undoubtedly a fatal blow to Sun Ke.
The Gui family took advantage of the situation to pursue, and a few months later, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to go into the field again, and Li Zongren became the first generation. It is said that Chiang Kai-shek later blamed Sun Ke and called him a man"Adou who can't help up"。
Later, Sun Ke tried to reconcile with Li Zongren, but was treated indifferently by Li Zongren. Sun Ke lost confidence in the Kuomintang and resigned in March 1949 to live a public life in Hong Kong.
Li Zongren wandered overseas and lived a bleak life in his later years. After Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan, he did not open the door to Sun Ke. In desperation, Sun Ke could only go to Europe with his wife.
Although Sun Ke is suave, he is an honest official and is not financially well-off. After buying a property in Hong Kong, he barely managed to raise money for a trip to France. Due to the inconvenience of life, the Sunkos settled in Los Angeles in 1952.
With no stable economy** and poor health, his life in the United States was difficult. He usually cultivates his own vegetables and cleans to save money, while relying on the help of his children to make ends meet.
In his spare time, Sun Ke's biggest hobby is still reading and writing. During his stay in the United States, Song Qingling sent people to persuade Sun Ke to return to the mainland to settle down, but Sun Ke was bitter about being listed as a war criminal and was unwilling to return to the mainland.
After Li Zongren returned to China, Chiang Kai-shek was disgraced. In order to boost morale, he sent someone to contact Sun Ke. With the assistance of Chiang Ching-kuo, Sun Ke decided to return to Taiwan to settle down on the occasion of the celebration of the "centenary of the birth of the founding father".
On October 29, 1965, Sun Ke arrived in Taipei, and thousands of dignitaries and celebrities went to greet him, making him feel the style and honor of that year. On October 30, Chiang Kai-shek held a luncheon to entertain Sun Ke, and the two shook hands and exchanged smiles.
After returning to Taiwan, Sun Ke frequently participated in various banquets, speeches and receptions; On the one hand, he was busy paying respects to his deceased old friends, as if this was his stage.
Sun Ke Chiang Kai-shek elected Sun Ke to succeed him"Dean of the Examination Institute", a position that corresponds to his profession and is competent enough by virtue of his talent. Moreover, he can earn a good income and never have to worry about three meals.
However, on September 13, 1973, Sun Ke died of a heart attack at Taipei Veterans General Hospital at the age of 83. At the funeral, Chiang Kai-shek looked sad and spoke highly of Sun Ke.
Yu Youren once commented on Sun Ke, believing that three qualities in him – Chinese, foreigners, and Sun Yat-sen's son – led to his tragedy. His personality fluctuated, which also determined the ups and downs of his career.
Sun Ke's life has experienced highs and lows, and his father's aura has brought him capital and glory, but he is also burdened with political pressure. Although Sun Ke did not have too prominent achievements, he did contribute to the war of resistance against Japan.
He remembered his father's teachings and insisted on studying and being honest as an official, which is worthy of recognition. It seems that Chiang Kai-shek's evaluation of him as an "unworthy descendant" in his diary is still a bit too much.