"After visiting the exhibition of the new Yinxu Museum, I have a feeling that I have never seen such a comprehensive and thorough interpretation of Shang civilization, and I feel closer to the Dayi merchants 3,300 years ago, and it has become within reach. ”
On February 26, Mr. Zhao, who had just walked out of the exhibition hall, said. He is from Shanghai, and when he heard that the new Yinxu Museum had officially opened, he couldn't wait to come to see the exhibition.
On-site bronze displays.
As Mr. Zhao said, the new Yinxu Museum displays nearly 4,000 sets of cultural relics, and the number and types of cultural relics on display are the largest in the exhibition of cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty. More than three-quarters of the precious cultural relics are on display for the first time, and the vast majority of them are fine cultural relics excavated by the Anyang team of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences since the spring of 1950.
The establishment of the Yinxu Museum
Generations of dreams come true
In 1928, Dong Zuobin dug the first shovel of scientific archaeology in Yinxu, Anyang, and opened the archaeological curtain of Yinxu for nearly a hundred years.
The Shang civilization may not be completely rebuilt, but through nearly 100 years of continuous archaeological work, the Shang Dynasty society that was not recorded in Sima Qian's "Historical Records of Yin Benji" has almost been revealed.
Yinxu is the cradle of Chinese archaeology and the cradle of Chinese archaeologists. In the view of Chen Xingcan, director of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, chairman of the Archaeological Society of China, and director of the Yinxu Museum, the establishment of the new Yinxu Museum is actually the fulfillment of the dream of several generations.
Chen Xingcan. The establishment of a museum in Yinxu and the cultural relics excavated from Yinxu are not only a display of Shang civilization, but also a great promotion of China's archaeological cause. ”
Chen Xingcan said that much of the real history of the Shang Dynasty has been buried in the ground or lost forever. Although archaeologists have revealed the late history of the Shang Dynasty through excavations, there are still many unsolved mysteries just by looking at the artifacts in the museum. Many artifacts have never been seen before, and even though they have been excavated many times, their function at that time is still unknown. Therefore, the future archaeological research work on Yin Ruins and Shang Dynasty may be endless and endless.
Refined archaeological excavations are the trend
Heroes cannot be "judged by area".
As the capital of the late Shang Dynasty, Yinxu lasted for 273 years and played a particularly important role in the history of the Chinese capital.
More than 3,300 years ago, merchants living in Yinxu proudly called it "Dayi Shang", and through archaeological excavations in recent years, the scope of Yinxu has also been expanding, far beyond people's traditional understanding.
Previously, there were many reports that the archaeological excavations of Yinxu, which lasted for nearly a hundred years, excavated less than 5% of the total area. In the view of He Yuling, a researcher at the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and deputy director of the Anyang Workstation, this calculation method is not scientific enough and is contrary to the archaeological concept of the new era.
He Yuling. He Yuling said that the current archaeological work is a refined archaeology under the condition of multidisciplinary cooperation, because archaeology is always a "destructive" regrettable science, so the principle of archaeology is to protect first, as much as possible to extract information.
So from this point of view, it's not that the more you dig, the better, as long as you can extract all the information. He Yuling said, for example: "For example, we found a road 2,000 meters long and 20 meters wide, and I dug 20 meters and made a section to figure out its structure. ”
Chen Xingcan believes that it is not that the more you dig, the more you know, but that the purpose of refined archaeological excavation is to extract the most information through the smallest area of excavation, so as to reconstruct ancient society.
Sharp-eyed viewers saw at a glance the sign "Fine Archaeology Laboratory" hanging on the wall of the first floor of the museum.
He Yuling explained that the conditions for field archaeological work are very limited, and there are often no conditions for on-site cleaning of cultural relics, especially some lacquered wood and textiles, which oxidize very quickly, so such as chariot and horse pits, sacrificial pits and some tombs, are all packaged as a whole on the site and placed in the fine archaeological laboratory for further work.
And many viewers will also be curious when visiting the carriage and horse pit, how were the chariots and horses of the Shang Dynasty extracted? There is a glass curtain wall outside the fine archaeology laboratory, so that the audience can see the work of archaeologists outside in the future. "We will continue to work hard to get the fine archaeology laboratory up and running as soon as possible," Ho said. At that time, everyone will take a look and understand the whole process of extraction, cleaning, restoration, and finally entering the exhibition hall of cultural relics, and may have different feelings, which is also our biggest dream. ”
See through things
"Telling" the story of two people with artifacts
Visitors who have been to the new Yinxu Museum will definitely be attracted by the wonderful life stories of "Yachang" and "Zi", one is the most trusted iron-blooded general of the Shang king, and the other is the little prince who is the favorite of Wu Ding and the woman.
Telling the story of the two through cultural relics is exactly what He Yuling, the curator of "Where Does the Long Come From", and Yu Jackie Chan, the curator of "Who is the Son", and Yu Jackie, the cultural heritage and cultural relics protection and archaeological research commissioner of the Anyang Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, want to see.
He Yuling said that the biggest feature of this exhibition is the "group" display of cultural relics, although some cultural relics have been exhibited many times before, but the "where does the long come from" exhibition will take out all the cultural relics unearthed from the Yachang tomb and display them together, so that everyone can see the real life of Yachang in that era.
The advantage of group display is that it is based on the perspective of archaeologists, connecting different cultural relics to tell people or events, which is also the biggest feature of archaeological museums. In some other museums, a piece is exhibited separately, but there are no other artifacts to support this artifact, which is not very convenient for curators to "tell stories".
The exhibition not only reflects Yachang's iron-blooded side as a general, but also tells about his daily pastoral life, and at the same time, through the "toner" and other living relics of the tomb, it shows the tender side of this great businessman, making the image of Yachang more three-dimensional and vivid.
In general, it is to see people through things and tell stories. He Yuling said.
Yu Jackie Chan. In October 1991, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences carried out archaeological excavations on the H3 rectangular cellar of Huadong in Yinxu Garden, and unearthed 1583 versions of tortoise shells and animal bones, of which 689 editions were engraved with more than 2250 divination records of the Shang King Wuding period. These divination records all point to a person, the "Son".
"Son" is the youngest son of Wu Ding and Nuhao, and is also called "The Little Prince" by many audiences. The curator of the exhibition, Dr. Yu Chenglong, connected the "Prince Diary" composed of hundreds of oracle bones through three units: "Who is the Son", "The Life of the Son", and "Divination of the Child and the Divination of the Shang King", and vividly outlined the image of the "Son" in front of the public.
Yu Chenglong said that he hopes that the audience can form a concrete understanding of the image of the prince by reading the "Prince Diary", so as to understand the family system of the Shang Dynasty and the life of the son.
With this exhibition, I would like to pay tribute to the generations of scholars who have been exploring and seeking truth since the oracle bone inscription was published in 1899. Yu Chenglong said.
Zhang Yiwen).