On July 22, 1928, with their fearless revolutionary spirit, he Teng Daiyuan and others successfully organized and launched the Pingjiang Uprising, which shocked the whole country, which was also another famous uprising after the Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the Guangzhou Uprising.
As we all know, in the early days of the creation of the Red Army, the main forces were the Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the Pingjiang Uprising, etc., in other words, Teng Daiyuan was one of the undisputed founders and leaders of the people's army.
However, it is puzzling that during the 1955 awarding of the title, Teng Daiyuan was not awarded any military rank. You must know that he even commented that "his qualifications can be awarded to marshals", so why was Teng Dai far from being awarded the rank of marshal?
Teng Daiyuan was an outstanding political leader of the Red Third Army Corps, born in Mayang, Hunan Province in 1904. In 1923, he was admitted to the Hunan Provincial Second Normal School in Changde, and since then he has left his hometown and never returned.
Under the advocacy of Chen Youkui, a member of the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China, Teng Daiyuan, Mayang Provincial Tourism Province, and Progressive Students of Changchang Brigade jointly established the "Mayang Xinmin Society". Beacon Hill was a place where they often met and discussed issues, and they also founded Jinjiang Tide to spread new culture and ideas.
Teng Daiyuan published numerous articles in the journal exposing imperialism and reactionary warlords, and at the age of 20 he joined the Socialist Youth League in October. On July 2, 1928, Teng Daiyuan was ordered to set off from Anyuan, arrived in Pingjiang County in mid-July, and connected with Deng Ping in the organization.
Through Deng Ping and others, Teng Daiyuan learned about the situation of the First Regiment of the Fifth Independent Division, and he believed that this team had been tempered by the Northern Expedition and had democratic and progressive ideas, so it had the conditions to organize riots.
**, Teng Daiyuan and others finally returned to Pingjiang County on July 18 after looking for party organizations in the countryside, and the two of them were able to meet. ** From the call of the Changsha intelligence officer, it was learned that the South China Security Special Committee of the Communist Party of China had been destroyed, and the pass he brought out was recognized by the enemy as Huang Gongluo's handwriting.
After this information was learned by ***, he intercepted the telegram through an acquaintance at the Pingjiang Telegraph Office. At the same time, Teng Daiyuan also received a warning that the organs of the South China Security Special Committee had been destroyed, and one person had surrendered.
All of the above information shows that the party organization of the Independent Fifth Division stationed in Pingjiang may be in danger of being sabotaged and exposed. Therefore, Teng Daiyuan and *** decided to find a way out while launching a riot, otherwise the party organization would be wiped out.
In order to arrange the work, they decided to entertain guests in the name of Peng Weiteng Xichen and in the name of Teng to thank Peng, no matter what the reason, the ultimate purpose was to convene a meeting of party members to discuss the matter of an armed uprising.
In order to prepare for the uprising, Teng Daiyuan moved from the county hotel to the farmhouse behind the Tianyue Academy, which became the secret room of the uprising, where the mimeograph machine roared and various declarations were carefully crafted.
Here, Teng Daiyuan and others clearly demarcated the goals and tasks of the uprising, and prepared a manifesto of the uprising in detail. On July 22, the Pingjiang Uprising ignited the flames of the Red Revolution, and red slogans and declarations flew all over the sky.
At the celebration meeting on the afternoon of the 24th, Teng Daiyuan, a special commissioner of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, announced the establishment of the Red Fifth Army, with ** as the commander and Teng Daiyuan as the party representative. Teng Daiyuan made a report on the political situation and the nature of Soviet power, and presided over the flag-awarding ceremony.
After the flag-awarding ceremony, ** expounded the meaning and tasks of the uprising, and the soldiers of the Red Fifth Army followed closely and shouted an oath. It turns out that Teng Daiyuan co-organized and led the Pingjiang Uprising with ***, and they were the founders of the Red Fifth Army.
The establishment of the Red Fifth Army played an important role in laying the foundation for the establishment of the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi revolutionary base areas and the formation of the Red Third Army Corps.
On December 10, 1928, according to the instructions of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, Teng Daiyuan and the soldiers of the Red Fifth Army led by Teng Daiyuan arrived at Jinggangshan and joined the main force of the Red Fourth Army led by the Red Fourth Army, which greatly increased the revolutionary forces on the Hunan and Jiangxi borders and made the Kuomintang authorities panic.
In order to break through the predicament, it was decided that the main force of the Red Fourth Army would move to southern Jiangxi and western Fujian to attack the enemy on the outer front, while the 30th Regiment and the 32nd Regiment of the Red Fourth Army reorganized by the Red Fifth Army were responsible for guarding Jinggangshan.
Although many comrades of the Red Fifth Army hoped to return to the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet region, Teng Daiyuan and other manpower owners held on to Jinggangshan, and Teng Daiyuan repeatedly expounded the military strategy of "encircling Wei and saving Zhao" and emphasized the importance of the Jinggangshan base area.
In the end, with Teng Daiyuan's efforts, everyone agreed to stay. In April 1930, according to the instructions of the superiors, the Military Commission of the Red Fifth Army sent Teng Daiyuan and He Changgong to Shanghai to attend the National Soviet Regional Congress and the National Red Army Congress.
In addition to attending the meeting, Teng Daiyuan was also responsible for reporting to the Red Fifth Army on the transfer of the Red Fifth Army in Hunan, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi.
At the National Conference of the Red Army, it was proposed to expand the Red Third Army Corps on the basis of the Red Fifth Army, with three armies under its jurisdiction: the Red 5th Army, the Red 8th Army and the Red 16th Army. In order to better implement this plan, it was required to expand the Red Third Army to 50,000 men by August 1 and prepare for the formation of the Third Front.
On June 16, the Red Fifth Army and the Red Eighth Army held a meeting under the auspices of ***. Attending the meeting were Teng Daiyuan, He Changgong and others. The main contents of this meeting are threefold: first, to convey the relevant resolutions of their participation in the meeting; the second is to discuss the expansion of the Red Fifth Army and the establishment of the Red Third Army; The third is to discuss the issue of attacking Wuchang.
When discussing the issue of the expansion of the Red Fifth Army, ** put forward his own opinions. He believed that the number of the Red Fifth Army was not enough, and even if it grew to 30,000 people, there would be only one army.
It is not too late to expand the number of people to 50,000 and then form a corps, there is no need to bluff, which will not only weaken the combat effectiveness, but also waste cadres. Teng Daiyuan believed that the expansion was a decision of the first force, not a problem of a unit of the Red Fifth Army, and as for the problem of insufficient troops, it could continue to be expanded in the future.
After many discussions, the majority of comrades believed that the expansion of the regiment would increase its momentum.
Under the instructions of **, the final meeting decided to expand the fifth column of the Red Fifth Army into the Red Eighth Army, and at the same time, the Red Fifth Army and the Red Eighth Army will be merged into the Red Third Army Corps, with *** as the commander-in-chief and Teng Daiyuan as the political commissar.
On August 23, 1930, the Red 1st and 3rd Red Army Corps met in Yonghe Town, Liuyang, Hunan, and the Red Army.
1. The Third Army Corps of the Red Army held a joint meeting, and Teng Daiyuan and others, considering the convenience of the actions of the two Army Corps, proposed the establishment of the First Army of the Red Army.
The meeting accepted this suggestion, and the Red Army was formally established with a total strength of nearly 40,000 troops, with ** as commander-in-chief, ** as deputy commander-in-chief, ** as general political commissar, and Teng Daiyuan as deputy general political commissar.
Since then, Teng Daiyuan has worked under the direct leadership of *** and **. In the anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, Teng Daiyuan served as the deputy general political commissar of the Red Front Army, and he participated in the command of the Kuomintang from December 1930 to March 1933.
First, second, third, and fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaigns.
The first three operations were completed under the direct leadership of *** and ***, but from the beginning of the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, he commanded the troops to fight under the leadership of *** and ***.
**, Teng Daiyuan led the army eastward to form the Eastern Army, ** served as the commander, and Teng Daiyuan served as the political commissar. They led their troops to the stone city on the border of Fujian and Jiangxi in the rain, and after field investigations, they decided to attack the spring first.
After studying, they formulated a combat policy and reported to ** and ***. After receiving the telegram of consent, the Red Third Army Corps quickly attacked, with the Xunhuaizhou Department as the vanguard and Peng Xuefeng's Department as the follow-up echelon, attacking Quanshang.
** And Teng Daiyuan insisted on proceeding from reality and fighting against those who disregarded the actual situation and blindly commanded. In the fierce battle, he successfully captured the Kuomintang Ninghua County magistrate alive, killed more than 300 officers and soldiers under the enemy regiment commander Cheng Sihai, captured more than 900 enemy soldiers, and captured a lot of ***
At the same time, the 34th Division and the 4th Division of the Red Army were also ordered to advance to the vicinity of Liancheng to deploy defenses and prepare for the opportunity to recover. However, taking into account the actual situation on the front-line battlefield, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission had to order *** and Teng Daiyuan to directly capture Liancheng.
Teng Daiyuan was physically exhausted by the long battle and the scorching heat, and eventually fell ill. Seeing the telegram from the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, his mood became even more depressed, and his illness worsened.
In order to restore the health of this old comrade-in-arms, ** specially arranged for him to rest, and at the same time led the reconnaissance platoon to the front for reconnaissance. After in-depth reconnaissance, they found that if Liancheng was directly attacked from north to south in accordance with the instructions of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, it would not only be difficult, but also unfavorable to our army, and they would be completely in a position of attacking from the back.
In addition to this situation, ** also found that Juxi, southeast of Liancheng, was only garrisoned by the enemy Ding Rongguang's troops, and the nearby small polder was also conducive to our attack. As a result, Teng Daiyuan and *** jointly proposed to ** and proposed to change the combat plan, and after repeated discussions, this proposal was approved.
In the fierce battle, our army successfully eliminated the enemy's 466 and 467 regiments, occupied Liancheng on August 2, and eliminated 3 regiments of the enemy's brigade, captured more than 2,000 people below the enemy's regiment commander, and captured a large number of *** successfully completed the first stage of combat missions.
The enemy's 78th Division suffered a major blow in this battle, and Division Commander Ou Shounian recalled: "This defeat was the greatest shame for our army, especially the chaos during the retreat, which was even more painful!" ”
On August 8, ** and Xiang Ying and others congratulated the Eastern Army, and the congratulatory telegram wrote: "The Eastern Army has defeated the stubborn enemy army, and this victory shows that our Workers' and Peasants' Red Army has become stronger and more invincible!" ”
In mid-to-late October 1933, the enemy used the fort as a cover while concentrating forces. ** And Teng Daiyuan believed: "The main force placed around the fortress will consume the physical strength of the troops, and there is a danger of being bombed by enemy aircraft."
At night, most of the enemy has already fallen asleep, and this is the best time to drain the enemy's forces. * He Teng Daiyuan made three consecutive proposals to the Central Revolutionary Military Commission to attack the outer front, and explained in detail the benefits of doing so.
This bold proposal not only put forward the principle of operation, but also put forward the long distance and large scope of the external attack, which is a fundamental problem facing the Red Army troops, and is also completely in line with the strategic thinking of the Red Army.
Bogu and *** earnestly hoped that the Central Revolutionary Military Commission would accept their suggestion, but unfortunately, Bogu and others did not pay attention to this suggestion. From mid-October to early November, the Eastern Army and other Red Army units were in an extremely unfavorable situation near the enemy's fortress.
On November 7, ** and Teng Daiyuan again proposed to the Central Revolutionary Military Commission to transfer the main force of our army from the enemy fortress area as soon as possible, and pointed out that our army was around the enemy fortress, "like a cat guarding a fish in a glass tank, although it can be seen, it cannot be caught." ”
** also sharply pointed out: "Li De did not have enough understanding of China's national conditions and the situation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and he stubbornly copied the strategy and tactics of the Soviet Union, but the result was completely unworkable, and we paid a heavy price for it." ”
In the four "encirclement and suppression" campaigns of smashing Chiang Kai-shek's Soviet area, ** and Teng Daiyuan cooperated tacitly, cared for each other, obeyed the overall situation, and smoothly commanded the Red Army to carry out large-scale operations.
At that time, Teng Daiyuan was only 26 years old, and ** was only 32 years old.
** In the memoirs it was stated that in the first day of our army.
In the first, second, and third anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations, especially in the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, we used 30,000 troops to resist the attack of Chiang's 500,000-strong army and successfully defeated them one by one, which was a very difficult feat.
If Bogu and others can listen to Teng Daiyuan's suggestions, then the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" may have a different result. However, the reason why Teng Dai was far from receiving the rank was that in November 1948, the northeast region had been completely liberated, and the ** Military Commission ordered the Fourth Field Army to quickly enter the Guannai, encircle the Pingjin area, and then start the Pingjin and Huaihai campaigns.
During this period, the revolution in our country was entering a major turning point of total victory. At this time, the first major decision to "cross the Yangtze River and liberate the whole of China" was being formulated.
In order to implement this decision, it was decided to appoint Teng Daiyuan as the Minister of Railways of the Military Commission and put him in charge of the formation of the Ministry of Railways of the Military Commission.
When he received this order, Teng Daiyuan was very surprised. He has been fighting all his life, but now he is leaving the familiar military work, and it is reasonable that he will be difficult to accept for a while.
However, despite this, he was surprised and a little elated, because the national victory was about to come. Soon after, ** met him in Xibaipo. ** Tell him: "Doing a good job of the railway is essential for both the current war of liberation and the post-liberation economic construction."
You were the first minister to move from the military to the economy, and more will join this in the future. Then, ** emphasized: "The transition from the army to the economic front is a major change for you, but it is also an important sign that the cause of the liberation of our people is about to achieve a complete victory.
Although the task is arduous, you must work hard and learn more from the people. Hearing this, Teng Daiyuan realized that the main leadership of the transportation and construction of the national railway would fall on his shoulders, and he felt a heavy responsibility.
He immediately put pen to paper and wrote down the six characters of "running the people's railway", indicating that he would go all out and dedicate himself to the cause of the people's railway.
On January 10, 1949, our party appointed Teng Daiyuan as Minister of Railways. Two days later, he couldn't wait to go to Shijiazhuang to meet his old comrade-in-arms Wu Jingtian.
The friendship between them can be traced back to the Yan'an period, when Teng Daiyuan was the chief of staff of the ** Military Commission, and Wu Jingtian was the secretary general of the ** Organization Department; When he arrived in the Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan Liberated Areas, Teng Daiyuan was the deputy commander of the military region, and Wu Jingtian was the secretary general of the ** Bureau.
Now, they are together again, and they feel very close. On January 28, the first meeting of the Ministry of Railways was held in Shijiazhuang. **Accompanied by Teng Daiyuan, he walked into the venue and announced the official establishment of the Ministry of Railways.
He pointed at Teng Daiyuan and said: "Our party has sent you a 'general boss', who in the past commanded thousands of troops to defeat the Japanese army and the Kuomintang reactionaries. From today onwards, he will be in charge of the railway department, and he will command the million-strong army of the railway, rush to repair and rush transportation, support the army to cross the river, and liberate the whole of China! ”
On February 20, the Ministry of Railways of the ** Military Commission was listed in the Xiagongfu Building at the south entrance of Wangfujing. At that time, the main task of the Ministry of Railways was to ensure that the army crossed the river and contributed to the liberation of all of China.
Under the leadership of Minister Teng Daiyuan, Vice Minister Wu Jingtian and others, the workers of the whole road expansion have made indelible contributions in supporting the liberation war and restoring the national economy.
One day in mid-March 1949, Teng Daiyuan accompanied Li Kenong to meet with Guo Hongtao, director of the Pingjin Railway Bureau, to study how to welcome *** into Beiping by train.
Teng Daiyuan formulated a complete and thorough plan, which was appreciated by Li Kenong. On the morning of March 25, three express trains commanded by Teng Daiyuan and Guo Hongtao drove into Beiping with leaders such as **, which was also the first time that Teng Daiyuan "added" the special train for *** and other leaders.
In the autumn of 1949, Major General Baghlev, a Soviet railway expert who helped us repair the railway in the south of the Yangtze River, was invited to Beijing to attend the founding ceremony. However, to Baghlev's surprise, when he arrived at the Beijing station, no one greeted him.
The interpreter had no choice but to take him to the Beijing Hotel to stay. Teng Daiyuan had planned to let Baglev stay in the specialist's guest house and meet him that night. However, it is regrettable that the assigned leader did not go to the station to pick up people, but only sent a driver, and the driver picked up the wrong person, which led to the arrival of Bagrev in Beijing without being greeted.
Teng Daiyuan was furious when he learned of this, and he immediately asked the staff who had failed to perform their duties to come to his office to be criticized. He solemnly pointed out: "The hero who rushed to repair the railway in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union came to China to help us repair the railway, and he was our hero.
How can you do this to the heroes? In the face of Teng Daiyuan's accusation, the derelict cadre was indifferent, which made Teng Daiyuan even more angry. He jerked to his feet and slammed his desk with a deafening sound.
On the same day, Teng Daiyuan personally went to the hotel to apologize to Major General Bagrev and took him to the specialist's guest house for dinner. In the early morning of the next day, he also arranged for a special person to accompany Bagrev to visit the Great Wall and the Summer Palace and other famous attractions in Beijing, and gave him his favorite Waterga wine.
Teng Daiyuan and the members of his leadership team, whether it is a harsh winter or a scorching heat, whether they are sick for a long time or are weak, they will often go down to the grassroots level to investigate and study. Teng Daiyuan often said that "criticism at the grassroots level is like a mirror, which can reflect the problems of the leaders and the defects we ignore." ”
Teng Daiyuan and other members of the leadership team were strict with themselves during their business trips, eating and living in official cars, and never wasting time to go sightseeing. Although they went on business trips to Chongqing, Wuhan and other places on dog days, the temperature often exceeded 40 degrees Celsius, and the heat was unbearable, but they always insisted on their jobs and regarded the railway as their own post.
Zeng Quanteng Daiyuan, the leader of the municipal party committee, and others went to stay in the hotel, but they insisted: "We are engaged in railways, and we have left our posts, so what kind of leaders are the leaders of the Ministry of Railways?" ”
Teng Daiyuan worked in the Ministry of Railways for 16 years and devoted himself to the railway industry, laying a solid foundation for the development of the railway industry in New China. Since the 1955 award was aimed at generals working in the army, although Teng had previously served in the army, he had already left the army when the title was awarded in 1955, so he was not awarded the rank.
Although this is a bit regrettable, it proves his determination and dedication to devote himself wholeheartedly to the railway cause.
If Teng Daiyuan has the opportunity to participate in the awarding of titles, he may indeed be awarded the rank of marshal as ** said by virtue of his rich qualifications, outstanding military merits and long-term contributions to the country.
Sadly, on December 1, 1974, Teng Daiyuan died at the age of 70.