Twice dedicated , the woman who stabilized the foundation of the Qing Dynasty Empress Dowager Xiaoz

List of high-quality authors The establishment of the post-Jin regime is inseparable from the struggle of men, and it is a man's world on the battlefield.

But the so-called one yin and one yang are mutually reinforcing. The establishment of the Qing Dynasty is inseparable from a woman, so to speak: if this woman did not hold the "backyard", the Qing Dynasty would have been burned by the man's "fire" in the bud.

She is Bumu Butai, who is known as the "Queen Mother of Xiaozhuang" by later generations.

Men conquer women by conquering the world, and women conquer the world by conquering men.

That's not bad at all.

As early as the 11th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1583), Nurhachi, a descendant of the Jurchen chieftain Mengge Timur, raised troops with 13 pairs of armor left by his father and ancestors, which lasted more than 30 years and unified the Jurchen tribes, and then he carried out reforms, created the Eight Banners system, and established the Dajin regime known as the Later Jin in the 44th year of Wanli (1616).

Between the black soil and white water, a united kingdom suddenly appeared, which was unexpected by the Ming Dynasty. This emerging regime already had the strength to openly compete with the Ming Dynasty.

Nurhachi openly raised the banner of anti-Ming.

In order to increase his strength, the Later Jin continued to expand, and also achieved a great victory in the war against the Mongol Chahar tribe of the same root and clan, and the convincing Horqin was willing to bow down to the Later Jin, and the relationship between the two tribes was further developed.

Zhezhe, the princess of the Korqin tribe, married Nurhachi's son, Huang Taiji, and political marriage was a means of superstructure.

After Nurhachi's death, Huang Taiji ascended to the head of the country, and his status as a Fujin Zhe also increased.

It's a pity that Zhezhe and Huang Taiji have been married for seven or eight years, and they have never had children, which has become a problem for Zhezhe.

Houjin implements the feudal lord inheritance system, if Zhezhe can not have children, her Zhengfu Jin status will not be guaranteed, after the future Huang Taiji **, his banner lord and the title of Dabeile, and even including the Khan will be inherited by the son of the side room Haoge.

In this way, the fate of the future is not something that you can control, and you are afraid when you think about it.

For the sake of the interests of the headquarters, the family of Zhezhe's maiden family, Horqin Ministry, is also extremely concerned about the heir of Huang Taiji.

What to do? Fat water does not flow into the fields of outsiders, since he can't have children, Huang Taiji will naturally remarry, if he finds a woman from the Borzigit family, then these worries will not be a problem.

As a result, Zhezhe's niece, Bumu Butai, who was just ten years old, became the best candidate.

Aunt and nephew serving a husband, what seems incredible now, actually happened under the circumstances at the time.

Don't look at Bumu Butai's age, but the beef and mutton of the prairie promote her body to be strong, well-developed, plump, a "blessed appearance" that can produce, and she is young and easy to train, easy to settle for the status of the side room, and will respect her aunt Dafujin.

In 1625, 13-year-old Bumu Butai married 33-year-old Huang Taiji.

In 1636, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor, canonized Bumu Butai as Concubine Zhuang, and lived in Yongfu Palace.

Two years later, Concubine Zhuang gave birth to Huang Taiji's ninth son, named Fulin, who later became Emperor Shunzhi.

In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, wars were frequent, resulting in an empty treasury and insufficient military salaries.

Bumu Butai often used the money and goods saved from the harem to help soldiers and ordinary people.

Her practice of saving palace expenses to help the victims has affected the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties.

Bumu Butai is virtuous and open-minded, and has political foresight. She married Huang Taiji with her aunt and assisted Huang Taiji in conquering the world, so that he could complete the great cause of reunification as soon as possible.

In 1640, after conquering Monan, Mongolia and Korea to solve his worries, Huang Taiji decided to capture Jinzhou with 100,000 troops and open up the passage to western Liao.

Huang Taiji ordered Prince Zheng Zierharang to be the commander of the right wing, and Dorobelle Duoduo to be the commander of the left wing, and the commanders of the troops went to Yizhou to garrison, build the city and Tuntian, and form a joint siege of Jinzhou.

The strategic Armageddon in the history of the rise and fall of the Ming and Qing dynasties kicked off.

After Yuan Chonghuan, the first general of the Ming Dynasty, was unjustly killed, the burden of guarding Jinzhou fell on Hong Chengchou.

Hong Chengchou continued to follow the strategic policy put forward by Yuan Chonghuan: relying on the thick walls of the city and the use of cannons, defending is upright, and fighting is strange, which can effectively curb the advantage of the Qing army in relying on the impact of cavalry, so that those war horses galloping on the battlefield are useless.

Huang Taiji's march into Tuntian, Yizhou, was also aimed at providing logistical support for the long-term siege of Jinzhou. After all, after so many years of conquest, no one can afford to spend it.

Hong Chengchou is a native of Nan'an, Fujian, a Jinshi of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, don't look at him as a scholar, but he is a Confucian general, successively served as the governor of Yansui, the governor of Shaanxi Trilateral, and was a rare handsome talent at the end of the Ming Dynasty.

Previously, Hong Chengchou had been transferred to the capital to guard, at this time due to the great threat of the Qing army, Emperor Chongzhen appointed Hong Chengchou as the military secretary of the military department and the deputy governor of the imperial history of Jiliao.

Hong Chengchou went out of Shanhaiguan in October 1640 and mobilized 130,000 cavalry and 40,000 horses to relieve the siege of Jinzhou.

In July 1641, Hong Chengchou led his troops into Rufeng Mountain between Songshan and Jinzhou to fight and fight with the Qing army, but the Qing army was defeated and almost collapsed.

Seeing that the situation was critical and the stakes were high, Huang Taiji personally led his troops to fight in August.

Huang Taiji's personal conquest greatly boosted the morale of the Qing soldiers.

Hong Chengchou still adopted the tactics of steady and steady fighting, but Chongzhen, who was far away in the capital, and many ministers saw that they had won the victory, and they ignored the reality and urged them to engage the Qing army.

Huang Taiji redeployed and ordered to lay an ambush to cut off the retreat of the Ming army; intercepted the grain and grass of the Ming army, so that the grain of the Ming army was lost; and encircled the point to send reinforcements, so that the Ming army was in a great passivity.

This deployment made the hearts of the Ming army fluctuate, Hong Chengchou was about to fight a decisive battle, and the generals had different aspirations, and they actually discussed going back to Ningyuan to get food on the grounds of no pay.

In such a situation, how can the war be fought?

Hong Chengchou saw that in the current situation: "If you fight, you will die, and if you don't fight, you will die; If there is war, there may still be hope. ”

Before Hong Chengchou gave the order to attack, Wang Pu and other general soldiers actually led their troops and horses to retreat at night, and tragedy happened, his troops were ambushed by the Qing army, and 50,000 of Hong Chengchou's 130,000 soldiers were beheaded.

After a fierce battle, Huang Taiji won a complete victory. Hong Chengchou only had more than 10,000 people left to retreat into Songshan Castle.

There is food and grass in Songshan City, and there is no rescue outside, and it is in an isolated and desperate situation. Hong Chengchou tried to break through several times, but was unsuccessful.

In February 1642, Xia Chengde, the deputy general of Songshan in the Ming Dynasty, secretly surrendered, and as an internal envoy, the Qing army entered Songshan on February 18 and captured Hong Chengchou.

In the protracted Battle of Songjin, Huang Taiji won a complete victory, and included the important military towns in western Liaoning in the Songjin Battlefield, opening up the passage to enter Shanhaiguan.

Huang Taiji did not kill Hong Chengchou, because he knew that killing Hong Chengchou, who was regarded as the Great Wall by the Ming Dynasty at this time, would definitely cause the Ming Dynasty guards to resist to the death, in that case, the gains would outweigh the losses, and if he could surrender, it would accelerate the demise of the Ming Dynasty and achieve twice the result with half the effort.

So, Huang Taiji took Hong Chengchou back to Shengjing (Shenyang) and tried his best to persuade him to surrender.

Hong Chengchou, who was deeply influenced by Confucian culture, had the idea of "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism", and of course he couldn't let go of his son and surrender, so he went on a hunger strike to fulfill himself.

At that time, Huang Taiji changed the practice of his father Nurhachi, he made extensive use of Han people, reused Han officials, and organized the subjugated Han army into the Eight Banners of the Han Army, making it a member of the Manchu ethnic community.

In the face of Hong Chengchou, who resisted to the death and refused to surrender to the Qing Dynasty, Huang Taiji was at a loss and helpless.

In the process of persuasion, Fan Wencheng found that Hong Chengchou cherished his clothes very much, and a little dust fell from the beam and fell on his clothes, and he patted and patted it, which shows that he cherishes life very much.

After Bumu Butai learned of this news, he wanted to share the worries of her husband Huang Taiji, and immediately asked to disguise herself as a palace maid to persuade Hong Chengchou to surrender.

She called Fan Wencheng to learn more about and grasp Hong Chengchou's family history, experience, hobbies, temper and other issues, and then disguised herself as a Han beauty, stooped down as a maid, and went to serve Hong Chengchou.

At that time, Bumu Butai was just in his early thirties, and the mature charm of ** soon made Hong Chengchou fall under his pomegranate skirt.

Seeing that the fire had arrived, Huang Taiji went to see Hong Chengchou in person, and took off the imperial clothes on his body and draped them on Hong Chengchou.

Hong Chengchou looked at Huang Taiji with wide eyes, sighed and said, "The Lord of the True World!" So he submitted to the Qing Dynasty.

Later, Hong Chengchou was subordinate to the Han army with a yellow flag, and in the second year of Shunzhi, he went to Nanjing to be the governor of military affairs, passing through Huguang, Guangxi, and Guizhou.

He actively implemented Shunzhi's Huairou policy and achieved remarkable results. Due to his inducement, many ** in the Yongli regime of the Southern Ming Dynasty surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, which played a great role in disintegrating the anti-Qing forces in the southwest.

Some people think that Bumu Butai's "dedication" to Hong Chengchou with the body of the imperial concubine is not in line with the etiquette, but in fact, among the Jurchen people, there is far less cumbersome etiquette for marriage than Han culture. There are many aunts, nephews, and sisters who serve the same husband, but under the influence of Han culture, the later Qing Dynasty was gradually sinicized.

In the surrender of Hong Chengchou, Concubine Zhuang Bumu Butai made great contributions, and she completed many jobs that men could not complete.

If Huang Taiji chooses the heir, it is estimated that there will be nothing to do, because in the early Qing Dynasty, there were many clans, royal relatives, and sons who had made great achievements for Huang Taiji, and it would be the turn of Fu Lin who wore open crotch pants!

But the choice of history is often unexpected, and God always favors those who come with a mission.

Undoubtedly, Fulin is such a person.

In 1643, Huang Taiji suddenly fell ill and died at the age of 52, when Bumu Butai was 32 years old and her son Fu Lin was not yet 6 years old.

Because Huang Taiji did not designate an heir during his lifetime, and there was no will, everyone in the clan and nobles coveted the throne and became a pot of porridge.

Huang Taiji has a total of eleven sons, Prince Su Haoge is the eldest son, he was 34 years old at the time, because of his outstanding military achievements, he has a strong strength.

The other princes were all young at that time, the eldest was only sixteen or seventeen years old, and they had neither military exploits nor status.

In addition, Huang Taiji's brothers Dolgon and Duoduo were also in the prime of life, and were named Prince Rui and Prince Yu respectively for their outstanding military achievements.

After Nurhachi's death, Dolgon was still young, his mother was forced to be martyred, and Huang Taiji took the opportunity to seize the throne.

The oldest big Belle Daishan, although he doesn't want to wade into troubled waters anymore because of his age, his strength is still there, and who can succeed to the throne, his vote is also very important.

In this way, the competition for the emperor's position became the focus for a while, and the internal strife of the Aixin Jueluo clan was about to break out. If it is not done well, the efforts of the ancestors of Houjin will become a bamboo basket to draw water - a failure.

Bu Mu Butai, who watched the changes, waited silently on the side, she had followed Huang Taiji for many years, and she was already good at seizing the momentary opportunities, and she would shoot when it was time to make a move.

Among them, Hauge and Dolgon are the most capable to inherit the throne, but at present, these two forces are against the bull and do not give in to each other.

Hauge commanded the Zhenglan Banner, and in the Eight Banners of Manchuria, he already had the power of the Three Banners, in addition, the old ministers Sonny, Ao Bai and others also supported him.

Dorgon's power was two white flags, supported by Dordor and Azig.

The two sides were evenly matched, so much so that there was a rush of fire, and all the subordinates entered a state of imminent war.

Bu Mu Butai was anxious in his eyes, if it really made trouble, it would not only affect the future of their harem concubines, but also make the Qing Dynasty that had just been established finished.

This bloodshed must be stopped, and the mission of history prompted her to come forward.

Bumu Butai lobbied between Hauge and Dolgon, and mediated with the elders of the clan, Daishan and Zilharang, to elect his son Fulin to inherit the throne, and assisted him with Dolgon and Zilharang.

Let the meat that came to his mouth spit out, Bumu Butai did not say that it was not okay.

Bumu Butai knows what men need, and he once "dedicated" himself to help her husband Huang Taiji recruit Hong Chengchou, but this time he also gave up for his son's country.

Zhang Huangyan of Nanming once wrote a poem "Jianyi Palace Ci" to satirize this matter:

Shangshou is a joint honor, and the Cining Palace is full of rotten doors.

The Spring Palace entered the new ceremony yesterday, and the big ceremony was celebrated by the Queen Mother's marriage.

But no matter what, women will always deal with problems the way they do.

The reason why the story of the queen mother's marriage is prevalent among the people, on the one hand, many people like to break the news about the conversation after dinner, and on the other hand, according to the historical situation at that time, Bumu Butai still has its reasons and motives for marrying the little uncle.

After supporting Fu Lin to ascend the throne, Dolgon began to wave his army south to conquer the Ming Dynasty.

After a grueling campaign, Dolgon not only eliminated Li Zicheng's Dashun regime, but also occupied the city of Beijing.

At this time, Dorgon could have become emperor in Beijing, but he did not do so, and as soon as the situation in Beijing stabilized, he immediately invited Fu Lin to move to Beijing.

Fulin became the first emperor after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs.

Dolgon's hard work and loyalty touched the mother and son of Bumu Butai and Fulin, and the ministers also sincerely admired Dorgon, how to repay Dorgon became a new problem, can Fulin give him the throne?

Dolgon didn't think so, he wanted women, after all, do men conquer women by conquering the world!

This woman is the Empress Dowager of Xiaozhuang.

There are thousands of women in the world, as the regent Dolgon can have countless beautiful women, but in Dolgon's mind, no one can replace Bumu Butai, this should be Dolgon's long-cherished wish for many years, in his mind, Bumu Butai is the goddess, this idea buried in the bottom of his heart may have been there when Bumu Butai married his brother Huang Taiji.

Dolgon summoned Fan Wencheng, a university scholar, and Lao Fan was a national treasure of the Qing Dynasty at that time, and Dolgon told Fan Wencheng what he thought in his heart, and the two conspired.

The next day, hundreds of officials went to court, Fan Wencheng according to the premeditated plan discussed in advance, and said: "The regent is highly respected, since entering the customs, he has great power, but he does not regard himself as the emperor, and assists the emperor wholeheartedly. The regent is the emperor's uncle, and the abdication of the throne is the same as the transfer of the throne from the emperor's father to his son. The emperor should also treat the regent like a father, and in return, what do you think? And all the people echoed and applauded.

Fan Wencheng also proposed: "Recently, the princess regent has just died, and the queen mother is widowed in her prime, and the emperor regards the regent as his father, so he invites the regent to live in the same palace as the queen mother." ”

All the ministers applauded.

So, the historian recorded this incident in the book: the queen mother married the regent. The ministers congratulated the table.

This is also a good thing for the young widow Bumu Butai, and it can also ensure that her son's country will be stable once and for all.

As a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, Fan Wencheng is also an "old fritter", for this kind of contrary to common sense, he should come forward to stop it, but he knows that if he really opposes this matter, it will be unfavorable to the three parties, and Dolgon will inevitably strive to be the emperor, Bumu Butai's future may not be good, and Emperor Xiao Shunzhi will definitely become a victim.

In the choice of human nature and life, morality and ethics should take a back seat.

Therefore, Bumu Butai once again "dedicated" himself for his son.

From Xiao Shunzhi's title of "Imperial Father Regent" to Dolgon, the fact that the Queen Mother was married can also be seen.

In the Korean "Li Chaoshi Lu Injo" recorded such an event: In February of the sixth year of Shunzhi, the Qing court sent envoys to Korea to submit the credentials, and the king of Joseon saw that Dolgon was called "the regent of the imperial father" in the book, so he asked: "There are words of the imperial father and the regent in the Qing state message, what is this measure?" ”

The envoy of the Qing Dynasty replied: "Today, I will go to the uncle, the matter of the court, the emperor is one cloud." ”

Chung Tae-ho, the right-hand speaker of the DPRK, said: "Although there is no such thing in China, it seems that it has been too superior. ”

The king also said, "Then there are two emperors." ”

It can be seen from here that it is true that the Queen Mother got married.

So why did the queen mother's marriage become one of the four mysteries in the early Qing Dynasty?

The reason is that with the deepening of sinicization, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang and the later Kangxi both felt that marrying was a shame for the royal family, so they wanted to erase this disgraceful trace from history, which is also the reason why there is no exact information that the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang married.

In addition, the tomb of the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang after her death also illustrates such a problem, the queen must be buried with the emperor after her death, and the same tomb and cave, but the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang did not abide by this ancestral system, but was buried alone outside the feng shui wall of the Qing Dongling in Zunhua, and the coffin was still parked on the ground for 38 years.

This shouldn't be! Kangxi was very filial to his grandmother, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, and Xiaozhuang helped him to stabilize the country in the early days of Kangxi's accession, so the two grandparents had a deep relationship, but the phenomenon after Xiaozhuang's death was incomprehensible.

All this can only be explained by one answer, Xiaozhuang, who believes in Buddhism, has been haunted by the things he did during his lifetime, so she is afraid that she will not be able to face Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji in the underworld, and it is recorded in historical materials that Xiaozhuang once told Kangxi before his death: "I am here to tell you what happened after my death, Emperor Taizong's Zigong has been enshrined for a long time, and he is humble and does not move, and he is not buried together at this time." Besides, I love your father and son, and when I settle near Xiaoling, I have no regrets. ”

The fact that a woman does not want to be buried with her beloved husband after her death is enough to explain the problem.

Although this is the case, we still have to respect her, Bumu Butai has the courage to dedicate herself at a critical moment, which is commendable in both public and private, it is she who has resolved the crisis with her own efforts and methods, reduced the bloody killing, and praised such a woman!