Why was the Agricultural Dazhai cancelled? The imbalance between investment and return is a key problem
The historical and practical significance of the study of "Dazhai of Agriculture" in China.
From the 1970s to the 1970s, China set off a wave of "agricultural Dazhai" activities with "self-reliance and hard work" as the main content, and thus formed a national spirit. In the past 17 years, "Xuedazhai" has brought earth-shaking changes to the countryside, which is a useful attempt and exploration of agricultural modernization. However, why was the "study" that lasted for 17 years after the reform and opening up finally abolished? The biggest problem here is that the effort is not commensurate with the return. Many rural "image" projects cost a lot of money, which not only wastes a lot of manpower and material resources, but also causes waste, waste, waste, and contradictions with the new development of the countryside. Now, there are some people who have proposed that after the division of the fields, many places have been abandoned, and many places have been abandoned. If you look closely at these abandoned water projects, most of them are large-scale projects, with towering irrigation and drainage plants and other diversion equipment. The huge manpower and material resources required for the construction of this construction are the huge labor of the whole township and even the whole village in the county, and the construction period takes several years. However, after it was completed and put into operation, its actual utilization efficiency was very low, and some projects were abandoned after only two or three times. Especially at that time, the serious shortage of electricity in rural areas in China was one of the main factors causing this situation; Second, the problem of water volume is not taken into account, and a single drain may cause the river to dry up, triggering opposition from the people downstream.
In the "Xuedazhai" era of rural projects, the first government has to carry out a large-scale rural project every year, including terraces, water conservancy facilities, reservoirs, river embankments, highways, etc. The more difficult, the grander, the more grandiose. There are several months of the year dedicated to construction. The construction site is a busy scene, the red flag is flying in the air, the red loudspeaker is playing the red singing, and the workers are sweating like rain, which is touching and full of enthusiasm. But at the same time, the income of the big village is also very limited. Due to the poor soil quality, which is not conducive to agricultural production, wheat, corn and other food crops are not effective in planting, that is, planting some small grains. Moreover, the efficiency of some projects is very poor, and it is really not cost-effective compared to the manpower and material resources invested. Therefore, after that, the peasants in many localities gradually resisted this extremely arduous work, especially the excessively "leftist" practices such as "building platforms on flat land" and "digging ditches on cliffs," which aroused strong dissatisfaction among the broad masses. The farmers who participated in the construction of Dazhai were physically and mentally exhausted"Dare to rise in the sun"The slogan, if you talk too much, you get tired of it. In the 1980s, large-scale rural economic construction was carried out nationwide, and according to the new situation and national research, the "Nongdazhai" was finally abolished. Although the "agricultural village" is a thing of the past, the spirit of self-reliance and hard work contained in it is deeply imprinted into the blood of the Chinese. Although Dazhai was stopped, in the 80s, the work continued, and each village would hold a small project to renovate the catchment area and irrigate, so that the villagers could participate in production.
Investment and cost benefits of major projects1The actual use of large-scale water conservancy projects is inefficient.
with"Agricultural Dazhai"With the abolition of the policy, the real use of many large-scale water conservancy projects has gradually emerged. Historically, in the era of learning Dazhai, the construction of large-scale drainage pumping stations with large output, a single pumping energy consumption, and at that time there was still a shortage of power supply in rural areas of China. However, in the actual project, due to the lack of consideration of the water volume of the river, the water volume in the river has decreased sharply, which seriously affects the normal production and life of the people downstream. For example, a two-story drainage pumping station more than 100 meters high was built in a mountain village, and it took two years to build it with all the labor of the village, mainly to irrigate many villages in this mountainous area, but it was abandoned after only three or four times after it was completed. The reason for this is that the power consumption of each pump is very large, and it is difficult for multiple teams to bear it; Each pumping session will cut off the downstream rivers and reduce the water from nearby wells, resulting in a shortage of water in the villages along the river, and people will complain.
2. The maintenance cost of Dazhai field is high and the income is low.
The construction of Dazhai Land has cost a lot of manpower and material resources, but its maintenance costs have also been gradually reflected. The soil texture is not good, the irrigation efficiency is low, the crop yield is low, and the income is low. The fields of some large families have been reduced to decoration, which is really not cost-effective compared to the consumption of a lot of manpower and financial resources. Food production and quality are poor, and they can only survive on small areas of food. As facilities deteriorate and deteriorate, maintenance costs continue to rise, but their actual efficiency falls far short of expectations. Therefore, in the long process of operation, this kind of large-scale construction project not only consumes manpower and material resources, but also causes huge resource losses.
The agricultural Dazhai that contradicts the new rural development pattern.
At that time, the agricultural science Dazhai had actively explored and tried to improve the rural landscape and improve the living conditions of farmers through labor, however, due to the change of time and the trend of rural development, this model of "long investment and low return" could not adapt to the situation at that time. With the continuous deepening of China's reform and opening up process, new requirements have been put forward for the development of China's rural economy. China's existing large-scale project construction mode is difficult to adapt to the requirements of current economic development, resource waste and environmental pollution are prominent, and it is urgent to transform the development model and promote sustainable development.
Self-reliance and hard work are the eternal spirit of farmers.
Although the "agricultural village" has come to an end, the national spirit of "self-reliance" and "hard work" is still continuing. Patriotism is the blood of the Chinese people and the source of motivation for the unremitting pursuit of the Chinese people. Today, in the new development trend and new challenges, it is precisely with such a spirit that we can continue to move forward. Self-reliance, hard work and prosperity are indelible spiritual powers, which are our yearning for a better life.
From the causes and consequences of the emergence of "Agricultural Dazhai", to its thinking on large-scale projects, as well as the welcome and transformation of the new rural development pattern, all reflect a development process of continuous exploration and adaptation to changes. It is necessary to adapt the development of rural areas to the requirements of the times, and on the basis of studying and summing up, we should make our own development faster and better serve China's agricultural modernization and rural revitalization. The fine style of self-reliance and arduous struggle of farmers will always be the driving force on our way forward and create a more brilliant tomorrow.