Lu Bu, Yuan Shu, and Gongsun Zhan, if they were born in a peaceful world, they would not behave so badly.
Tao Qian and Liu Biao, if they were born in a peaceful world, not only would they not fail, but they might also make good achievements and leave their names in history.
Tao Qian is a native of Danyang County, Danyang County, has read books, was raised as filial piety, stayed in *** as "Lang", and was released by Lang as the county order of Shu County (Shucheng, Anhui), at that time it was considered a "right way" Born, he had good official luck, "four turns to the general Zhang Wen Sima", followed Zhang Wen in Liangzhou against the rebellious Bian Zhang, Han Sui Battle, made considerable military merits, in the first year of Emperor Ling Zhongping Yellow Turban Uprising, was appointed by the imperial court as the Xuzhou Assassin History.
After he arrived, he quickly defeated the Yellow Turbans and drove them out of the counties and countries of Xuzhou, making "the territory Yanran".
He is indeed a man of both civil and military skills. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Tao Qian's Biography", described him as worthless, saying that he was a cronie of villains, alienated from well-known people, and the judiciary and administration were abandoned. The villain pointed out in the biography is only Cao Hong, and it is not explained how much "goodness" Cao Hong has harmed.
The well-known person referred to in the biography is Zhao Yu, the "don't drive" Zhao Yu in Xuzhou Prefecture. Zhao Yu was sponsored by Tao Qian and appointed as the Taishou of Guangling County. How can this be said to alienate Zhao Yu?
In fact, Don't drive is just a staff member, and his status is far less than the official rank of "2,000 stones". This is Tao Qian's reuse of Zhao Yu, not alienating Zhao Yu. At that time, Tao Qian had been promoted from Xuzhou to Xuzhou Mu.
He was promoted to the Chang'an Imperial Court presided over by Li Dao and Guo Yan (the state pastor's Yulu is "the middle 2,000 stones", which is higher than the 2,000 stone Taishou and the 600 stone thorn history. The word "Zhong" in the two thousand stones, in the vocabulary of political figures in the Han Dynasty, refers to "in the palace", and by extension, it is ** and "higher than ordinary".
Therefore, "2,000 stones" is higher than "2,000 stones". The so-called 2,000 stones, 2,000 stones, and 600 stones, the original meaning refers to the annual salary, which is equivalent to a number of stones, and then discounted and distributed, and a large part is converted into cloth, copper coins, etc., so in fact there is not so much grain).
Tao Qian did not participate in the alliance of Yuan Shao, Wang Kuang and others when Dong Zhuo abolished the young emperor and established the emperor, but when Zhu Jun was stationed in the festival, he sent 3,000 soldiers and enough military rations, and recommended Zhu Jun to "ride and ride the military", which is openly the enemy of Dong Zhuo.
Soon, Dong Zhuo sent Li Dao and Guo Yan to fight Zhu Jun, defeated Zhu Jun's army, and plundered Yingchuan and other counties, and Tao Qian continued to support Zhu Jun until Dong Zhuo was killed.
He united Zhou Qian, the assassin of Yangzhou at that time, and the ministers of five countries, the Taishou of two counties, the former Taishou of one county, and a doctor (university professor), jointly wrote a letter to Zhu Jun, publicly recommended him as the "Taishi", promised to support him with enough soldiers and half a year's military rations, and asked him to go to Chang'an to fight Li Xuan and Guo Yan and preside over national affairs.
Among the five ministers called by Tao Qian, the most famous is Kong Rong, the minister of the North Sea; Among the two current Taishou, there is also one whose name is known to later generations of scholars: Taishan Taishou Yingshao.
The "former Jiujiang is too obedient and pious" who participated in the signing is a "scripture teller" who we have learned a lot. That doctor is none other than Zheng Xuan, a master of scripture.
Zhu Jun has his own opinion. Zhu Jun thought that Dong Zhuo was dead, so he might as well not blame Li Dao and Guo Yan for the past and "be kind to others". Li and Guo adopted the suggestions of Taiwei Zhou Zhong and Shangshu Jia Xu, and in the name of offering emperors, Zhu Jun was recruited into the court, and Zhu Jun thanked Tao Qian and others for their kindness, and went to Chang'an alone, using his personal life as a desperate bet to turn things around.
When he arrived in Chang'an, he successively served as a servant, a captain, a hussar general, a military and other official positions, and finally in order to mediate the fight between Li and Guo, he was detained by Guo Yan and died of anger.
Tao Qian, since Zhu Jun went to Chang'an, he no longer opposed Li Dao and Guo Yan, but resumed correspondence with the imperial court, and accepted the imperial court's edict to promote him to Xuzhou pastor.
The most boring sentence in "The Biography of Tao Qian" is that Tao Qian "cooperated" with a grass coward in Xuzhou who claimed to be the Son of Heaven. Cao Kou is a native of Xiapi, and his surname is Xuan.
Tao Qiangui is the pastor of a state, how could he form an alliance with Que Xuan?
Sima Guang pointed out in "Zizhi Tongjian and Examination of Differences" that it is difficult to believe such a statement: "According to Qian, there is Xuzhou, the king of Yiqin, why do you follow thousands of people by announcing them? ”
"The Biography of Tao Qian" also said that Tao Qian and Que Xuan killed Que Xuan and annexed his disciples soon after. The fact is that Tao Qian crusaded against Que Xuan from the day he began his rebellion, and soon defeated him and killed him. Que Xuan went from rebellion to defeat and was killed, less than a month before and after: June of the fourth year of the first peace.
"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Tao Qian" is mostly copied from the "Book of Wei" of Chen Shou's "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms". The Book of Wei is an official record left by the Wei Dynasty historians to the Jin Dynasty, and the Wei Dynasty historians had a bitter heart for Tao Qian, who was an enemy of Cao Cao, the founder of the Wei Dynasty.
Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, died on his way to Langxie through Xuzhou. Cao Song's death was at the hands of Tao Qian's subordinates, a lieutenant surnamed Zhang Minghong. Cao Cao believed that Zhang Min was acting on Tao Qian's orders.
Cao Song has a way to die. He is the adopted son of Cao Teng, a regular servant of Zhongchang, and has a lot of money, spending more than 10 million to buy the official of Taiwei, and in the third year of Chuping, he brought more than 100 cars of luggage and gold and silver treasures from Luoyang to Langxie, and prepared to retire from the seaside land not far from today's Qingdao and southeast of Zhucheng County. He not only swaggered through the market, but swaggered through half of China.
Cao Song and his servants arrived in Xuzhou, and Tao Qian sent two hundred guards to Zhang Min to escort Cao Song. According to the record of the "Book of Wu", this Zhang Lu could not resist the ** of more than 100 carts of luggage and gold and silver treasures, and when he walked between Mount Tai and Huaxian and Fei County, he commanded the guards, killed Cao Song, robbed Cao Song's belongings, and fled to Huainan.
"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Tao Qian" did not point out whether the person who killed Cao Song was surnamed Zhang Minghong, nor did it say that Cao Song died between "Mount Tai and Huafei", but only said that it was Tao Qian's "soldiers" stationed in Yinping County (southwest of Yi County) who killed Cao Song. These soldiers belong to one of Tao Qian's generals.
"The Biography of Ying Shao" has another saying: It was not the Yinping guards and their soldiers who killed Cao Song, not the so-called Zhang Min, but several lightly armed cavalry of Tao Qian. These cavalrymen, according to "Ying Shao's Biography", were sent by Tao Qian himself. Reason: Tao Qian hated Cao Cao very much, hated Cao Cao and attacked Xuzhou several times.
The statement of "Ying Shao's Biography" is not in line with the facts. Before Cao Song was killed, Cao Cao had not attacked Xuzhou once. Tao Qian had no reason to hate Cao Cao, so hated that he had to kill Cao Cao's father.
There are too many trivial things like this difficult in history. You don't have to take a deep exam. The important thing is not who Cao Song was killed, but Cao Cao insisted that Cao Song was killed by Tao Qian's faction, and in the fourth year of Chuping, he brought a large number of horses to attack Xuzhou, claiming to avenge his father.
Hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children from five cities, including refugees from Shaanxi who fled to Xuzhou due to the rebellion of Li Dao and Guo Yan, were all killed by Cao Cao's troops. The five cities were Pengcheng (now known as Xuzhou City), Fuyang (south of Yi County), Tushu (southwest of Suining), Suiling (now called Suining), and Xiaqiu (west of Si County, Anhui).
Cao Cao slaughtered these five cities, and slaughtered them so that they really didn't leave chickens and dogs, so that "Suishui didn't flow", it was too cruel!
This is a big stain on Cao Cao's life. With his ability and achievements, he could have won the return of the people with lofty ideals in the world. He did this cruel thing, revealing the ferocity in the depths of his character, which only chilled the hearts of the people with lofty ideals. As I said earlier, Chen Gongzhi fell to his Ge and led Lu Bu to attack Yanzhou, probably because he was cold to Cao Cao.
Later, Cao Cao was very good to Liu Bei, but Liu Bei always refused to be nice to him, and the reason may be the same. When Tao Qian came to attack Cao Cao, he couldn't resist it, and retreated to Tancheng to defend it, and was finally defended by him. Who is there to help him in Tancheng? Liu Bei.
The reason why Cao Cao later attached great importance to Liu Bei was quite related to the offensive and defensive battles in Tancheng. The following year, in the first year of Xingping, Cao Cao came to fight Xuzhou again and occupied Langxi, Donghai and other counties, Tao Qian was self-aware and knew that his own strength was not in contrast to Cao Cao's strength. Last year, he was able to defend Tancheng, but he may not still be able to defend it this year. He decided to simply give up the territory of these Xuzhou counties and flee back to his hometown to retire.
Fortunately, in the rear of Cao Cao's Yanzhou, Chen Gong, Zhang Miao and others ushered in Lu Bu. Cao Cao hurriedly returned to the north of the army to fight Lu Bu, and Tao Qian took his last breath.
But he did not live long, and he fell ill and died at the age of sixty-three.
When he was dying, he handed over Xuzhou to Liu Bei, and recommended Liu Bei as the pastor of Xuzhou (according to the warlord atmosphere at that time, as long as Liu Bei was recommended, he did not have to wait for the appointment of the imperial court, and he could immediately take office).
Liu Bei once thanked Tao Qian and said: Yuan Shu has a high reputation and great strength, so he might as well hand over Xuzhou to Yuan Shu. At this time, Kong Rong was present and expressed his opinion: Yuan Shu is a dead man, like a dry bone that has been buried in the grave, and it is not worth considering.
Liu Bei then accepted Tao Qian's kindness and succeeded him as a "guest general" as a very high-ranking Xuzhou Mu (he was originally a guest general, and he was Yuan Shao's Qingzhou assassin Shi Tian Kai, who sent him to Xuzhou in the fourth year of Chuping to help Tao Qian resist Cao Cao).
Soon after, there was Lu Bu who was defeated by Yanzhou and came to run, was settled in Xiaopei by Liu Bei's kindness, and Xiaopei attacked Xiapi, where Xuzhou Prefecture was located, and Liu Bei fell to Guangling and Haixi, and in turn surrendered to Lu Bu, and was still exchanged by Lu Bu and settled in Xiaopei. In the end, Lü Bu drove Liu Bei out of Xiaopei, and Liu Bei went to Cao Cao, attracting Cao Cao to capture Pi and kill Lü Bu.
After Cao Cao killed Lü Bu in the third year of Jian'an, he did not return Xuzhou to Liu Bei, but handed it over to an incompetent person surnamed Che Mingxuan, and asked Che Zhou to act as the "Xuzhou Thorn History" (Xuzhou Mu's official position was cancelled).
Liu Bei was taken back to Xu County by Cao Cao and worshipped as General Zuo in the name of Emperor Xian. The following year, in the fourth year of Jian'an, Yuan Shu left Shouchun and wanted to pass through Xuzhou to Qingzhou and Jizhou to attach Yuan Shao, and Cao Cao sent Liu Bei to Xuzhou to intercept him. Liu Bei really scared Yuan Shu so much that he turned around and headed south, but he also took away the chariot by the way, and recaptured the Xuzhou that he thought should belong to him.
This time, Liu Bei enjoyed his Xuzhou territory, and the time was also very short. Cao Cao could not tolerate such an insult to himself; In less than a year, he led a large team of men and horses, defeated Liu Bei's thousands of soldiers, and captured Liu Bei's wife and general Guan Yu.
Zhang Fei fled south, fled to Runan, and cooperated with the local Yellow Turban leaders to occupy an ancient city (in Zhengyang, Henan) and take refuge for the time being; Liu Bei fled north to Yuan Shao, where he participated in the Battle of Yanjin between Yuan Shao and Cao Cao.
Later, Liu Bei saw that Yuan Shao was really unexpected, and there was no possibility of defeating Cao Cao, so he asked Yuan Shao for a task: to go to Runan and instigate the local Yellow Turban to disturb Cao Cao's rear. Yuan Shao agreed, and Liu Bei was able to get out.
Liu Bei left Yuan Shao and arrived in Runan, where he was reunited with Zhang Fei. Soon, Guan Yu got the news in Xu County, learned the whereabouts of Liu and Zhang, and immediately accompanied Liu Bei's two wives (Mrs. Gan and Mrs. Mi) to the ancient city. Cao Cao sent Cai Yang to lead his troops to chase after him, but was killed by Guan Yu.