year, Li Dazhao was hangedMinute. Years later, the details were revealed.
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After the Northern Expedition, the anti-warlord movement grew stronger, and the Northern Expeditionary army pressed forward step by step, making Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Feng warlords, restless. He even sent troops to forcibly break into Dongjiaomin Lane and arrested Li Dazhao, the person in charge of our party in the north.
After Li Dazhao**, all walks of life extended a helping hand, and even workers close to him planned a prison robbery. However, Li Dazhao was concerned about the revolutionary cause and did not want to hurt his party comrades because of his rescue, so he politely declined the rescue plan.
At the same time, the Feng warlord Zhang Zuolin had deep contradictions with the Soviet Union, and he was even more vigilant about the growth of the Chinese Communist Party. Therefore, he decided to secretly execute Li Dazhao on April 28, 1927, on the grounds of "propaganda" and "disturbing public order".
The hanging lasted for 40 minutes, and it was not until 24 years later, with the establishment of the People's Republic of China, that the Chinese Communist Party began to seek justice for Mr. Li Dazhao's justice.
Mr. Li Dazhao is one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, and the reasons and details of his interrogation, and murder were revealed after an in-depth investigation. The image of him shouldering morality with an iron shoulder and writing articles with skillful hands has left a deep mark on Chinese history.
As the first Marxist in China, he met with Chen Duxiu and other patriots to establish the party in Beijing and Shanghai, and continued to spread Marxism and anti-imperialist, anti-feudal and anti-warlord activities after the founding of the Communist Party.
Li Dazhao's outstanding political skills and strong appeal won the appreciation of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, but this also made him a thorn in the side of the warlords. The Communist Party, which was at the forefront of its time, realized that China's future development would be hindered if it did not get rid of the warlords, so the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal warlords became the most important task at that time.
The moment the revolutionary task was issued, Li Dazhao began to prepare for the cooperation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to eliminate the reactionary warlords, and after reaching a consensus with Mr. Sun Yat-sen, he directly assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the north.
Li Dazhao's existence made it difficult for the warlords to sleep and eat, because he was their confidant.
Li Dazhao took advantage of his professional advantages to actively engage in the founding and propaganda of newspapers and disseminate advanced Marxist ideas through writing. This idea soon gained widespread acceptance among the people, and the belief in democracy was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
In his dealings with the workers, Li Dazhao combined theoretical knowledge with practical action and went all out to guide the development of the workers' movement. He encouraged everyone to stand up bravely against oppression and fight for a change in the current miserable living conditions.
Several successful strike movements attracted the attention of the warlords, and most of the newspapers founded by Li Dazhao were closed down by the warlords, and some were even forced to suspend publication or move to other places.
As soon as Zhang Zuolin took control of Beijing, he made Li Dazhao, the representative of the Comintern in northern China and an important leader of the Chinese Communist Party, his first target.
Zhang Zuolin posted notices everywhere in the capital, threatening the death penalty for anyone who disseminated communist ideas and did not comply with the rules, and began to politicalize the editors of several progressive newspapers.
Under these circumstances, Li Dazhao was forced to start underground clandestine work. However, despite his measures, the enemy was in hot pursuit. In order to deal with the threat of the Northern Expeditionary Army, Zhang Zuolin strengthened military deployment on the one hand, and on the other hand, he worked hard to destroy the leading organs of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the north.
With the joint efforts of Zhang Zuolin and a number of foreign embassies, the diplomatic embassies of various countries stationed in Beijing finally agreed to Zhang Zuolin's search request.
On April 6, 1927, Zhang Zuolin arrested Li Dazhao and more than 60 others in the west area of the Soviet embassy on the grounds that a large number of communists were hiding in the embassy area and inciting students and workers to riot in the capital.
Embassies in China and the concession areas were not allowed to be searched, but the warlords of the Feng faction forcibly searched the Far Eastern Bank, the office of the Eastern Railway, the military attaché's office and other places in the Soviet embassy, and arrested more than 60 people.
Such an act was a blatant provocation to international law and caused strong resentment in the Soviet Union. What is surprising is that Zhang Zuolin's behavior was approved by the chief minister of the mission to China and the Dutch minister Odenko.
After the October Revolution in the Soviet Union, the founding of the Comintern and the rapid expansion of the Third International aroused the vigilance of the Western powers. In order to weaken their opponents, the Western powers urgently needed to find suitable partners.
At this time, Zhang Zuolin's pursuit of the Communists coincided with the needs of the Western powers, so there was a search for the Communists in the embassy. Odenko approved the search application submitted by the representative of the Feng warlord, and Zhang Zuolin was responsible for mobilizing troops to search Li Dazhao's hiding place.
Although the Great Powers had great power over the territory of the concessions, they did not dare to raid the embassy easily, making Li Dazhao's chances seem slim.
Li Dazhao was in Dongjiaomin Lane**, he once thought that the Feng warlords would not act easily, so he insisted on completing the work at hand and did not obey the organization's transfer arrangement. However, he underestimated Zhang Zuolin's methods, and also ignored the great powers' fear of the Comintern and the strength of the Communist Party.
Although he was ready to sacrifice, he did not expect that the Feng warlords would be allowed to obtain the permission of the representative mission in China. He said firmly: "I can't go, who will do the work in Beijing?" ”
In front of Li Dazhao, he kept saying this sentence. Due to the complex shape of the old Soviet embassy camp in Dongjiaomin Lane, without the spy to lead the way, the people of Feng's department could not easily find his hiding place.
And this spy is Li Bohai, who is directly responsible for Li Dazhao's liaison with the outside of the concession. His betrayal made it impossible for Li Dazhao and others to respond at the first time, and could only be with his family.
The plan of action was meticulous, and all the arrestees were dressed in civilian clothes, considering that arrests in the concession might cause disputes over law and order and diplomacy.
In order to prevent Li Dazhao and others from destroying evidence, they even equipped firefighters to monitor the scene.
Li Dazhao did not resist because he was afraid that if he fought, it might jeopardize the safety of his comrades, as well as his wife and daughter, if he fought. His letters, documents, and books were found in the Feng family, which became evidence of the Soviet Union's attempt to "** China."
On the day of Li Dazhao**, Odenko, the chief minister of the foreign embassies in China, claimed that the Soviet Union had openly reneged on the provisions of the Xinchou Treaty and could no longer be protected by the joint embassies.
The purpose of this statement was to emphasize two points: the diplomatic missions of the Soviet Union were no longer protected by the peaceful situation that was jointly maintained by all countries. Li Dazhao's ** was recognized as legal, and it was authorized by the warlord Zhang Zuolin to carry it out, and it had nothing to do with the embassy.
If there is a dispute between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, they should directly seek Zhang Zuolin to resolve it. The European and American powers want to see various forces within China fighting each other in order to profit from it. While in prison, Li Dazhao continued to fight against the reactionary warlords, and various forces outside the prison were also trying to rescue him.
After Li Dazhao**, Beijing's education circles shook and called for the case to be transferred to the courts, rather than for the Feng warlords to decide for themselves. A number of schools held meetings overnight, and while formulating rescue plans, they sent representatives to intercede with people who could influence Zhang Zuolin.
Eventually, representatives of the Ninth National School in Beijing met with Zhang Zuolin and asked for Li Dazhao to be handed over to the court, hoping that his wife and children would not be implicated and that Ms. Zhao Yunlan and Dazhao's two daughters be released.
At the same time, Zhang Shizhao also found the ** of the warlord, emphasizing that he could not kill the countrymen because of his whims, leaving a notoriety through the ages.
Zhang Shizhao vouched for Li Dazhao, not only with the support of people from all walks of life from outside, but even within the warlords of the Feng faction, there were two completely different voices. One believed that the Communist Party must be eliminated, while the other believed that Li Dazhao, as a literati, should not be subjected to military justice, since no military action had been taken against Communist strongholds.
Zhang Zuolin was troubled by the opinions of the two factions, and even sent a telegram to Zhang Zongchang, Sun Chuanfang, Yan Xishan and other six people to ask for their opinions. Despite the constant disturbances from the outside world, Li Dazhao always remained firm in his convictions while in prison, and his only wish in his heart was to preserve the revolutionary strength of our party.
How can we ensure that the flame of revolution is best preserved in the face of a scattered outside world? After careful consideration, Li Dazhao decided to remain silent during the interrogation and not to mention the Communist Party.
He has clearly seen Zhang Zuolin's ** position, and if he admits that he is a Communist Party, he will not be able to guarantee the safety of his comrades and comrades outside prison. Therefore, he resolutely avoided directing the conversation to the Communist Party.
Li Dazhao was the leader of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the north, and the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Feng warlords was volatile.
In the case of the cooperation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Communists joined the Kuomintang in their individual capacity, which made it more possible for them to appear as the Kuomintang when dealing with the enemy.
In his "Confession in Prison", Li Dazhao made it clear that he was a leftist of the Kuomintang and a "communist", and he also mentioned his consensus with Mr. Sun Yat-sen. Despite his torture, Li Dazhao did not reveal any information about the Communist Party.
The warlords were helpless to do anything about it, and they had to declare that no results had been found. However, the cruelty of the warlords would not easily let go of the important leaders of the Communist Party.
Li Dazhao had already expected that this catastrophe would be inevitable, so he rejected the rescue plan proposed by his friend, and the revolutionary team could no longer afford to sacrifice in vain, and the party organization could not afford such losses. In the end, the case was tried by a military court, and the warlord ordered Li Dazhao's execution on charges of "colluding with foreign countries, intending to disrupt the national constitution, and inciting civil strife."
Although he died, his spirit lives on, and the revolution continues. On April 28, 1927, Mr. Li Dazhao was hanged.
In order to silence the progressives, the reactionary warlords frantically extended the execution to 40 minutes. Mr. Li Dazhao was tortured back and forth on the gallows of sin more than ten times until he stopped breathing.
The killing of Li Dazhao became the capital of Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Feng warlords, supported by European and American countries, and all countries except the Soviet Union expressed their desire to recognize Zhang Zuolin as the leader of China, which made the power of the Feng warlords reach its peak after that.
Why is Zhang Zuolin so hostile to the Communist Party? There are different reasons for this, but part of the reason is that Zhang Zuolin had strained relations with the Soviet Union during the Northeast period. In 1918, Zhang Zuolin had just gained control of Jilin and Heilongjiang, and then took control of the Eastern Railway.
On this railway, Zhang Zuolin's contradictions with the Soviet Union intensified day by day, and he once seized the Soviet army, which caused the relationship between the two sides to become very tense. In 1921, civil strife broke out in Outer Mongolia, and the Soviet Union offered to send troops to help solve China's border problems.
However, China** believed that Zhang Zuolin's Feng system was sufficient to deal with this problem, and politely rejected the Soviet Union's request to send troops. However, the situation did not develop as expected, and the Soviet Red Army sent troops to Outer Mongolia without the consent of the Chinese ** and successfully took control of the local power and resources, which made Zhang Zuolin angry.
Feng Yuxiang, after being courted by Li Dazhao, staged a coup d'état in Beijing. The Soviet side provided Feng Yuxiang with ** and other support to fight against the Feng warlords, which made Zhang Zuolin extremely dissatisfied.
As a result, Zhang Zuolin's hostility towards the CPSU and the CCP reached an irreparable point. As the leader of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the northern region, Li Dazhao was waging an anti-imperialist and anti-militarist struggle.
Zhang Zuolin, as the most powerful force among the warlords at that time, was like fire and water. In order to get the support of the Soviet Union in all aspects of the Northern Expedition, Li Dazhao also actively enlisted instructors sent by the Soviet Union to teach military courses, and won a large number of ** and materials.
The Northern Expeditionary Army gradually grew stronger, the Nationalist Army greatly increased, and the warlord army suffered heavy losses. Li Dazhao carefully planned, and Zhang Zuolin's Feng warlords suffered heavy losses. Li Dazhao's outstanding organizational skills were widely praised, and he repeatedly stressed his opposition to Japanese imperialism and the warlords at the "Beijing National Anti-Japanese Congress."
Beijing and other places responded positively, and workers, peasants, students, small businessmen, etc., joined the ranks of anti-Japanese and anti-militarists. The Northern Expeditionary Army was unstoppable and successfully cleared the two major warlord systems of Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang, leaving Zhang Zuolin alone.
Wu Peifu's Northern Expeditionary Army was unstoppable like a storm, and Li Dazhao's "shocking" influence made Zhang Zuolin restless. The shrewd Zhang Zuolin began to look for external support, hoping to join forces with the embassies of various countries in China to fight against the Northern Expeditionary Army and Li Dazhao.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek and others betrayed the revolution and targeted the Communist Party, the former ally of the revolution, ruthlessly suppressed and arrested the Communists. As a result, the city of Beijing was enveloped in an atmosphere of terror.
The foreign powers, the Kuomintang, the warlords, and many forces began to squeeze out the Communist Party and reduce the space for its activities. Although all walks of life have expressed their support for Li Dazhao, under the impetus of the behind-the-scenes, Zhang Zuolin is determined to put Li Dazhao to death.
On February 2, 1949, the Beiping Military Control Commission of the People's Liberation Army officially took over the Beiping City Police Station, which had killed the revolutionary martyr Mr. Li Dazhao. This gallows, stained with the blood of the martyrs, has now been rediscovered.
Its base is made of black wood, and the frame is made of rails, which can strangle two people at once. This gallows thus became the first revolutionary cultural relic taken over by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, numbered No. 0001.
Mr. Li Dazhao's ** will eventually be judged by the party and the people. After a series of screening and investigations, four main ** were finally identified: Chen Xingya, director of the Jingshi Police, Wu Yuwen, director of the Investigation Division of the Jingshi Police Department, Lei Hengcheng, deputy director, and Pu Zhizhong, director of the Justice Department of the Jingshi Police Department.
Their crimes will be cleared under a just trial.
Justice will never be absent, and neither the criminals who killed the revolutionaries nor the conspirators who plotted to arrest Li Dazhao can escape the punishment of the law in the end. In 1951, Wu Yuwen was in Beijing ** and confessed to the crime of planning and arresting Li Dazhao.
Immediately afterwards, the four main criminals who killed Li Dazhao were also arrested one after another, and they were all sentenced to death. Justice will eventually prevail, and Comrade Li Dazhao's heroic soul can rest in peace.
After Mr. Li Dazhao's heroic death, although his wife and children were released, Mr. Li Dazhao's wife, Zhao Yunlan, still had to bear the pain of losing her lover alone. Two young daughters and son, Li Baohua, went into hiding from the threat of the White Terror, while Mr. Dazhao's coffin was kept in the Zhejiang Temple for six years.
In order to let him rest in peace, 13 of his old friends, including Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, Jiang Menglin, and Hu Shi, participated in fundraising, and held a public funeral for him under the pressure of the Kuomintang.
On the day of the funeral, the students and the people set up sacrifices along the way, and even in the face of the reactionary military and police, they resolutely did not waver in their determination to pay tribute to Mr. Dazhao.
The tomb of Comrade Li Dazhao is a symbol of the revolutionary group of Beijing citizens. Although Mr. Li passed away, his spirit and integrity are still alive in the world. Our contemporary youth and people are staunch supporters and followers of Mr. Li's spirit and integrity.
This revolutionary spirit will be passed on forever. ”