Root extraction involves the removal of stumps and root breaks.
The length of the stump or broken root is sufficient, there is no obvious inflammation, especially a single tooth, no loosening, and the pile crown can be repaired after the root canal. It is not suitable for pile crown restoration, and it can also be retained as an overdenture.
The stump is left in the alveolar fossa after the tooth crown is broken by caries or dead pulp, due to the long time, there is chronic inflammation and granulation tissue around the root and at the root tip, the root is absorbed, the root is shortened and loosened, and it is easy to extract.
Root fragmentation is the process of tooth extraction, when the root of the tooth is broken and left in the socket. The cross-section of the broken root is sharp and shiny, and it is difficult to pull it out. In principle, the broken tooth root should be removed immediately, otherwise it will affect the healing of the tooth extraction wound, cause inflammation and pain, and become a chronic infection lesion. If the patient is old and frail and cannot insist on uprooting, the removal can be delayed. If the root is short (within 5 mm), difficult to extract, traumatic, or may cause serious complications, it can be left in the socket. After long-term observation, this broken root has no adverse consequences in the body, and the tooth extraction wound heals well.
Before extracting a tooth root, the number, size, and location of the root should be known, and imaging tests should be performed if necessary. Stump removal is generally easier to complete. When pulling out the roots, there must be good lighting, clear vision, good hemostasis, suitable instruments, and accurate operation. If the operation is carried out blindly, it can increase the surgical trauma, and even push the broken root into adjacent structures, such as the maxillary sinus, inferior alveolar neural canal, oral floor space, and pterygopalatine fossa, resulting in complications such as postoperative bleeding, tissue swelling, infection, numbness of the lower lip, and oral and maxillary sinus communication.