Text Editor: Nirvana Says History.
In the late Qing Dynasty, in the southern Sichuan region, anyone who played with guns, whether it was the army or bandits, was afraid of the Miao armed forces. Although they have new rifles, people who can combine them say that the open fire guns armed by the Miao people are very picky and difficult to provoke. In the early days of the liberation of the mainland, the remnants of the Kuomintang organized bandits, and the name of the Miao armed forces still played an invisible potential deterrent role in their hearts. The Miao armed forces enjoy such a high prestige and influence in such a wide area, which has a great influence on Tao Hongxing, the Miao "Tao Qianhu Chief" who is widely circulated orally in Xingwen County.
Tao Hongxing, a native of Wenyin Township, Xingwen County, Yibin, Sichuan. Yu Daoguang was born in the 23rd year of Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty (1843) in a poor Miao peasant family. Originally inhabited at the head of the Tazigou River, and later moved to Gaozhuping.
Tao Hongxing's father died early, and his mother's surname was Zhang. Although Tao Hongxing was taken to the Wang family, his surname was still Tao. At the age of three, he worked with his mother to help the family of Peng Jishi, a landlord in the river dam head, and he specialized in serving Peng Jishi's mother.
Peng Jishi's mother was paralyzed and lying in bed, unable to take care of herself, Tao Hongxing served him tea and water, saw that the urine and urine were dirty, and after calling someone to replace it, he took these pickled things to the stream and river at the door to wash them, and squeezed them clean with his feet. Because he is young and weak, he can't step on it, and he often fights with all his strength. When he was older, he would help people around for short jobs, and later returned home to do farm work on his own.
Tao Hongxing is tall and powerful, walks steadily, and does things cheerfully and seriously.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, bandits were rampant in Sichuan, and the people often clashed with bandits in order to protect themselves.
At that time, from the Tarzigou to the county seat, it was a high mountain, with strange rocks and dangerous ditches, barren mountains and cliffs, thorns everywhere, and a gloomy old forest. And this road has not been very peaceful, bandits gathered here, and bandits will be intercepted everywhere on the road, so no one dares to go, so everyone pushes Tao Hongxing to go.
Tao Hongxing waved his hand and said, "Then I'll come!" ”
So he set off with the heads of the two bandits, and after arriving at Xingwen County, the county official asked Tao Hongxing how many people came, Tao Hongxing said that he was alone, and the county official was greatly surprised, and felt that this young man was bold and courageous, and later sent him to be the head of the first (the leader of the leading husband), and he was in charge of ten cards and one hundred households.
During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the anti-Qing struggles in Sichuan rose one after another, and the Qing court was tired of coping with the suppression of uprisings in various places, and had no time to take care of local security, especially in these remote mountainous areas like Xingwen, which was even more high and far away from the emperor, and the Qing court was beyond the reach of the whip.
The north of the Tatarzigou is horizontally printed on the mountain, the size of the south is close to Yunnan, the stone tablet and Caoying are taken to the west, and the Dengjia River (that is, the Nanguang River is now the Nanguang River) flowing down from Yunnan to the county, and the dam is under the Liangzi from the east to the east. The robbers come to the area of Tazigou, and it is easy to hide and flee after robbery, and most of the rich people in the local area have collusion with bandits, and there are also local evil forces that hold the ** "bright group and secret bandits".
The local landlords Yang Ming'an and Yang Xuehan were afraid of being robbed, so they found some Miao people to prevent bandits.
On the thirtieth day of the lunar month of one year, bandits came to Tazigou to rob and took the mother of Tao Bingran, a wealthy local family, as a "Maozi" (kidnapping ticket), and Tao Bingran was also killed by bandits on the spot in the process of resistance. The Tao family is the surname of the local Miao people, and the Miao people have always been united, everyone is very angry when they hear it, just rob people and grab money, and beat people to death, seeing that the New Year is coming, this is still it.
So everyone took out the muskets and artillery from their homes, and followed and chased them desperately, and soon saw this group of bandits, the Miao people set up artillery, and immediately there was a burst of bombardment, the bandits were completely defenseless, the Miao people ran fast on the mountain road, carrying machetes, holding gunpowder guns in their hands and began to shoot, the bandits panicked, left more than ten corpses and hostages, and fled into the mountains and forests.
Tao Hongxing is the first head, while sending someone to take Tao Bingran's mother back to Tarzigou, while leading a team of elite Miao armed people to chase while loading gunpowder, Miao Orion has a lot, outstanding marksmanship abounds, Tao Hongxing is one of the best, he shot in three steps, killed several bandits, and has since become famous.
Moreover, Tao Hongxing is upright, chivalrous, jealous and hateful, and has won the trust of the local people, regardless of whether he is rich or poor, he has a hot fight.
The Xingwen County Commander also appreciated it, so he reported to the above to let Tao Hongxing manage local security, and in the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), that is, when Tao Hongxing was 45 years old, he became the head of the regiment.
Tao Hongxing is dedicated to maintaining local law and order, and especially believes in the troubled times with heavy codes, if the bandits robber is caught by Tao Hongxing, he is basically killed immediately, and he is ruthless to the harborers and those who are complicit in the bandits. As a result, many rich and powerful people in the local area who are gangsters are anxious, fearing that one day it will happen to them, and they hate him and fear him, and they are anxious every day.
There are also some gentry who sit on the ground and share the spoils in the local area, but because Tao Hongxing does not bend the law for personal gain, coupled with his high reputation among the Miao people, and there is a Miao armed force that can fight well, those people have nothing to do with him.
So they came up with a plan, colluded together, fabricated charges for Tao Hongxing, and then united to sue him in the county, but the Xingwen County Order has always appreciated Tao Hongxing and knows his human qualities, so he asked Tao Hongxing to ask the reason, and the truth of the matter was revealed. So he reprimanded these gentry, so scared that these gentry would not dare to fabricate charges to trouble Tao Hongxing in the future.
Tao Hongxing six-grade merit card.
Tao Hongxing's actions in the local area were also appreciated by the Qing court, and it was believed that such local talents should be commended for ensuring the safety of the territory and the people. So on July 11, the 28th year of Guangxu (August 14, 1902), Kuijun, the governor of Sichuan, handled the regimental practice with Tao Hongxing, and issued Tao Hongxing a six-grade meritorious card.
In May of the 29th year of Guangxu (June 1903), Xiliang transferred the governor of Sichuan and sent Zhao Erfeng to supervise Yongning Dao and arrest Xuyong and other places. In March of the 30th year of Guangxu (April 1904), Zhao Erfeng entered Jinxing Township, Gulin County, set up a line, and sent troops into Miaogou to suppress the "Pinghui" (also known as the Dragon Society).
Zhao Erfeng. The local evil forces in Tazigou thought that the opportunity had come, and sent someone to Zhao Erfeng to tell Tao Hongxing. said that Tao Hongxing killed people without blinking, which is very bad! Zhao Erfeng was very angry, and was the first to say: "Bring him to see me immediately!" Then he felt that this was too hasty, and he was worried that Tao Hongxing would escape, so he immediately sent someone to inform Tao Hongxing in person.
Tao Hongxing was ploughing, he had to be notified, and he knew that Zhao Erfeng's methods were vicious, and he didn't know whether it was a curse or a blessing, and the old mother couldn't eat the food she sent, and at this time there were a few people to urge, Tao Hongxing had to put down the farm tools and go to see Zhao Erfeng.
Tao went to Zhao Erfeng, the guard asked him what he was doing, Tao Hongxing explained to him, after the report entered, Zhao Erfeng called to open a few middle doors, and the two sides were full of soldiers, and it was majestic. Tao Hongxing stubbornly walked through the middle gate and knelt in front of Zhao nervously.
Zhao Erfeng saw Tao Hongxing and said coldly: "You know your own affairs!" ”
Tao replied: "I'm the head of the regiment, and I've beaten some bandits!" ”
Zhao looked Tao up and down, asked Tao to stand up and said, "You are the head of the group?" ”
Tao Hongxing nodded, and told Zhao Erfeng about some of the situation of fighting bandits and protecting the territory and the people.
After listening to this, Zhao Erfeng asked the local ** around him who knew the inside story, and the local ** also nodded yes.
Zhao Erfeng turned his anger into joy and said: "I have to fight bandits and kill people, if you don't do this, you can't do it!" ”
Then he said, "You go and run a group and continue to do local things well!" ”
Zhao Erfeng also gave Tao Hongxing a red silk of one zhang and two feet, commended his merits, and immediately entrusted him with the management of the Miao armed forces in six counties, including Gao, Hui, Qing, Chang, Xing, and Yun. Its jurisdiction extends to the vicinity of the prestige lawsuit and reaches the Dengjia River. Tao Hongxing attached great importance to this reward, and later when Tao Hongxing died, his family made it a cushion lid in the coffin.
Zhao Erfeng allocated 20 sets of clothes to the two groups, each with the size of a bucket bowl on its back. There are also two bronze mountain horns about three feet long and straight, and two big red flags. Because there was no letter of appointment, Zhao Erfeng later sent someone to issue a letter of appointment and a "punishment order" for slaughtering freedom.
A total of three people went to see Zhao Erfeng with Tao Hongxing. The other two went back to Tazigou first to report the news and asked to prepare for reception. Tao Hongxing sat in a sedan chair and was sent home by many people.
* And the squires had been waiting there for a long time, they knelt in front of them and said that they wanted to see the "new nobleman", Tao Hongxing wore his burlap clothes and ginger straw shoes and walked out of the car door, and bowed to everyone one by one.
Tao Hongxing had never read before, he was illiterate, and he also felt a heavy responsibility at this time, and it was definitely not possible to understand the official documents, so he invited a local Taoist priest Li Peizhi to make a document.
Tao Hongxing is a six-grade official rank, a "top of the clams", and a thin gold inner tube without a cover. The blue dress has large sleeves, embellished with a two-finger-wide white and red logo, a five-inch plum blossom-shaped gold medal with a chest belt, and high-cut platform boots with a hooked nose.
There was also a white horse, a four-foot-long saber, and a double ring on the handle. At the beginning of the first month of each year, the cow lantern greets. The cow is the treasure of the croppers, Tao Hongxing always has to wear a full suit and bow down to the cow lamp in person.
Both the Miao and Han people were willing to send their children to him as goddaughters, and he also used a casserole to boil sugar water to entertain guests and his goddaughters, with a bowl per person.
Close to the Yuanmugou in Yunnan on the south side of the Tarzigou, there are two habitual bandit leaders surnamed Zheng, who often lead their men to rob everywhere and haunt impermanence. I once brought people to Tarzigou. Tao Hongxing immediately led the Miao armed forces from Deluo Village to Songlin Township, and the battle was fierce, and finally the bandits were beaten away.
When the Qing army drove to the dam, they did not dare to go up the mountain, insisting that there were bandits lurking in the Hanpo Ridge next to Mugou, and called for all the woods to be cut down. Tao Hongxing knew in his heart that not a single tree in the forest of Tazigou had been moved.
Liu Si silversmiths in Dustpan Gorge secretly colluded with bandits, reported information for them, and endangered the locality. Tao Hongxing took people and killed two bandits, and Liu Si silversmith also *** at the same time
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Li Cheng'an, a Miao Min in Wujiagou, usually had nothing to do at home all day, and when he heard that the comrades would be anyway, he played a banner to make a profit. Tao Hongxing passed by, collected the flag, and disbanded his people. Locally, "legitimate" extortion in the name of a false revolution was avoided.
* In three years, Zhu Guangliang, the governor of Xingwen, rewarded the seal of Huang Sanxing, the armed leader of the Xingwen Miao Regiment, one of the nine heads of 100 households appointed by Tao Hongxing (photo by Yang Zhenning).
Tao Hongxing goes to the counties every year. Local meetings are held three times a year, once in the first half of the year, once in June, and again at the end of the year. Every once in a while, the flag was displayed on the Chuanyun Mountain at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan to deter the bandits.
The Miao armed forces conscientiously maintain local law and order in the local area, fight bravely, and are not afraid of lofty mountains and mountains, let alone the evil forces of the Han nationality, and are very famous in the neighboring counties. When it comes to the mention of the Miao armed forces, all of them are afraid of three points. The evil forces of the local people who colluded with the bandits, the powerful people who sat on the ground to share the spoils, and the wealthy people who were in the open and secret bandits did not dare to openly confront this armed group of the Miao people, and their behavior of harming the masses was also restrained to some extent.
People who often bully the Miao people are also afraid of themselves in their hearts, they restrain themselves, don't do things too much, they are afraid of being provoked, and they are afraid that Tao Hongxing will not agree!
The Miao armed forces are even more famous in Tazigou, and their prestige is still undiminished during the ** period. The 24th Army fought against the village, and many people from the dam came here to take refuge. The Kuomintang county ** compiled this place as a "special protection", and no matter how fierce Latin was, he did not dare to come to Tatarzigou, even after Tao Hongxing's death, people who did bad things were still afraid.
At that time, the head of Shuanghe Township and the gentry Xiong Ding all shot and robbed people, and wanted to rectify Tao Hongxing's nephew Tao Chengzhang, and Tao Chengzhang was fined and hung up. Xiong also had nothing to do with Tao Chengzhang, he was afraid that he would anger the Miao people too much, and his new rifle could not beat the open fire rifles of the Miao people.
On the eve of liberation, Kong Xuefan, the magistrate of Xingwen County, a Kuomintang spy, fled to Tazigou with a radio station and armed forces, and he was also very afraid and did not dare to mess around.
The rebel Tong Dengwen regiment of the 72nd Army fled to Tazigou, and was beaten away by the open fire guns of the Miao people, some of the rebels were captured alive, and many new ** were captured, all of which were handed over to the people**.
After the Xinhai Revolution, the mayor of Zhou District said to Tao Hongxing that there was a pen for you on it, and Tao Hongxing said no, it would be good to transfer it to the district. Since then, he has been growing crops at home.
* On April 20, 31 (June 3, 1942), he was working in the bud valley when he suddenly fell ill and died at the age of ninety-nine.
Nirvana in 2009.
The Miao people in southern Sichuan migrated into Sichuan during the Xianhe period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and were distributed in the areas south of the Yangtze River under the jurisdiction of Yibin and Luzhou City, and north and west of the Chishui River at the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Xingwen County is the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces, the county with the largest Miao population in Sichuan, and also the living area of the ancient servants.
Nirvana in 2015.
In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the southern Sichuan region gradually implemented the Baojia Law, and then extended to the Miao District, and the Miao group training also came into being, the protagonist of this article is an outstanding figure who emerged in this era, and has made outstanding contributions to the protection of the territory and the people, and the maintenance of the locality.
Nirvana in 2015.
Nirvana in 2015.
Today's Xingwen, in the tourism is very good, the author has been to twice, the impression of Shihai Cave Township is still very deep, especially the Tianquan Cave, it is worth seeing.
References:
Qin Daoxin: Tao Hongxing, the leader of the Miao armed forces.
Shihai News Network: Xingwen found the Qing Dynasty merit card and the official seal of the Miao League.