The farmer asked: When will I return after the Long March?
In February 1935, ** left behind a heroic guerrilla column of more than 400 people, who fought to the death against the enemy in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou to protect the main Red Army's Long March.
Despite the fact that they were outnumbered, they still resolutely completed their mission, but most of the leaders of the team were killed at the gunpoint of the Kuomintang. Fourteen years have passed, and the survivors have been waiting for the Order's call day after day, but they have never heard from them.
Until the end of 1949, when the People's Liberation Army liberated the southwest, this team of peasants stopped them and asked: "We are the Red Army, can you take us to meet ***?" ”
So, what did this partisan detachment go through during this time?
On the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Road of the Red Army's Long March, in order to win the support and recognition of the people of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan, the party organization decided to establish a Soviet base area in the region. To this end, it is necessary to transfer a number of cadres from various units to form a guerrilla column in southern Sichuan.
Although the commanders of the Red Army deeply regretted and chose those who remained in accordance with the requirements of the organization, few people were willing to leave the main forces and stay in Yunnan-Guichuan. Although they understand that this is the task of the organization, they feel abandoned.
** Convene a meeting to encourage the members of the southern Sichuan guerrilla column to break out of the encirclement for the sake of the war of resistance and the future of the country and the nation. He said firmly: "We must get out of here, so that our country can have a way out and the nation can have hope." ”
Seeing that the frustration of the comrades below had eased, he continued: "You have three main tasks to stay. The first is to contain the enemy, confuse the enemy, and cooperate with the main forces in combat.
The second is to resettle and protect the wounded. The third is to establish a revolutionary base here. ”
** The passionate speech ignited everyone's enthusiasm, and everyone was proud of the heavy task of covering the main force of the Red Army to break through the encirclement of the Kuomintang. There were more than 400 members of the South Sichuan Guerrilla Column, of whom more than 100 were outstanding cadres in various Red Army ranks.
More than 600 guns were left behind by the large army, and on February 12, 1935, the southern Sichuan guerrilla column officially left the main force. In Xuyongshuping, they met some Red Army comrades, and the number of the southern Sichuan guerrilla column increased to more than 600 people, and they continued to fight for the revolutionary cause.
When the main force of the Red Army crossed Chishui for the second time, the guerrilla column in southern Sichuan took the initiative to attack, and by making various confusing signs and party propaganda slogans on the road, it frequently harassed the rear of the enemy troops, and successfully led the enemy to mistakenly believe that the main force of the Red Army was about to cross the Yangtze River, thus gaining precious time for the main force of the Red Army to cross Chishui.
In February 1935, the column defeated a regiment of the Kuomintang Sichuan Army at Xuyong Wood Mill Liangzi, and at the same time, the main force of the Red Army successfully arrived in Zunyi at this time.
Faced with the sudden appearance of the Red Army, the Kuomintang was unable to judge the true intentions of the Red Army for a while, and when they understood that this was the southern Sichuan guerrilla column that had been separated to "play" itself, Chiang Kai-shek was furious and immediately sent troops to encircle and suppress it.
In mid-March 1935, the column engaged in fierce battles with Kuomintang troops near Dashipan. In order to successfully break through, Liu Ganchen led a part of his men to block the attack, while the main force of the column chose to retreat in the direction of Guanyinling.
Although the column suffered some losses in the battle, it managed to break through in the end. Next, the column fought valiantly and reopened the passage of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. In April, the column successfully defeated two more battalions of the enemy's Dian army at Tashi.
In fact, whether it was the main force of the Red Army or the Kuomintang troops, their battles on the Long March were very difficult, not to mention the newly formed column of only more than 600 people.
This column was alone in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan region, lacking logistical supplies, as if in a dangerous environment, once the main force withdrew, they would be left alone.
In order to boost morale, Xu Ce often encouraged the soldiers to strengthen their confidence that they would be able to overcome difficulties and meet new challenges. Most of the soldiers of the column were confident in the revolution, but there were still some who were shaken by the hardships in front of them, including the commander of the column, Wang Yitao.
So, what kind of impact will Wang Yitao's defection have on the column?
Wang Yitao, a veteran of the Red Army, had experienced the baptism of the Nanchang Uprising, and his military experience and success in leading guerrilla warfare earned him a lot of trust in the organization.
In Xuyong Shuping, he was elected by everyone as the commander of the column. However, when the organization initially decided to let him stay in the southern Sichuan guerrilla column, he was very resistant to this decision, and he repeatedly applied to his superiors to follow the large army, and his concern was not unfounded, he was afraid that the Kuomintang would poison him, so he thought that following the large army was the safest choice.
After doing in-depth ideological work in the organization, Wang Yitao finally decided to stay in the southern Sichuan guerrilla column, and although he felt a little lost at first, he adjusted his mentality and led the troops to launch a fierce struggle against the Kuomintang.
However, his wife was captured by the Kuomintang in March 1935, and the Kuomintang threatened him with his wife's life. After careful consideration, Wang Yitao decided that the chances of victory for this column were slim, and he did not want to suffer in the troops, so he chose to mutiny.
This incident surprised everyone within the Kuomintang, and the other Red Army officers and soldiers refused to reveal any information even if they were tortured, so why did he surrender so easily?
What's more, he is also in an important position and holds a lot of power.
Wang Yitao's betrayal not only dealt a blow to the revolution, but also his identity had a particularly serious impact on our army. Because of his familiarity with the personnel of the column and the way of marching, he led the Kuomintang in April 1935 to capture a number of underground guerrillas and destroy many party organizations.
The members of the column were very angry about this and decided to take measures at the Tashi Majiaba meeting. At the meeting, it was decided that Xu Ce, the former political commissar, would temporarily serve as the commander, and at the same time, the establishment of the troops would also be reduced to three brigades.
Everyone unanimously agreed that Wang Yitao's arrogant behavior must be severely punished.
In July 1935, two guerrilla units of the Red Army and the Red Army's southern Sichuan guerrilla column met in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area, with a total of more than 800 people in the three teams, and together formed the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area guerrilla column.
Xu Ce served as political commissar, and Liu Ganchen served as commander. However, since the main force of the Red Army had moved away from Chiang Kai-shek's territory, Chiang Kai-shek turned his anger to the guerrilla columns in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area, ordering the warlords in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou to "encircle and suppress" and demand that Xu Ce be captured alive.
To this end, Kuomintang troops were dispatched from three separate directions, with a total of 100,000 men.
Xu Ce and Liu Ganchen bravely commanded the troops, but when the guerrilla column in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area was transferred to the Changguan in the northwest of Zha, they were unfortunately blocked by the enemy. In the early morning of July 13, 1935, the Sichuan army set up a blockade line nearby, and about 1,000 enemies stuck part of the column on the mountain road.
Although Xu Ce and Liu Ganchen bravely commanded the troops to fight, the troops were still extremely heavy. In this battle, Deputy Political Commissar Zhang Fengguang died heroically, and Chief of Staff Chen Hong was captured by the enemy and tortured by the Kuomintang, and finally brutally killed by the enemy in November 1935.
When Xu Ce was commanding the troops to seize the mountain, he was unfortunately hit by the Kuomintang troops and was seriously wounded and fell. He was carried on a stretcher and transferred, but the enemy forces were in hot pursuit, and the encirclement continued to shrink.
Xu Ce realized that he was bleeding too much and could no longer drag down the team, so he appointed Xu Zehong to replace him temporarily, and asked the guards to put him down as soon as possible and lead the soldiers to evacuate quickly.
Although the guards couldn't bear it, they had to obey Xu Ce's orders, and finally had to put him down, and the soldiers left quickly. The Kuomintang troops then caught up with him, saw Xu Ce, and frantically hacked him to death with a random knife.
This year, Xu Ce was only 33 years old.
After this fierce battle, there were only more than 600 people left in the guerrilla column, and in order to boost morale, on July 14, 1935, the column held a meeting and decided that Yu Zehong, the secretary, would concurrently serve as the political commissar, and Liu Ganchen would still serve as the commander.
In August 1935, Liu Ganchen led the column to successfully defeat the Kuomintang Jiang'an County People's League Squadron, and then occupied Jiang'an County, and opened the salt warehouse and silk shop, and distributed the spoils to the local people, thus winning the favor of the vast number of young people in Jiang'an County, and volunteered to join the guerrillas, and the number of troops quickly rose to more than 1,000 people.
In the ensuing battle, Liu Ganchen led a column to set up an ambush at the junction of Jiang'an County and Changning County, and successfully inflicted heavy losses on the Kuomintang army in the rural areas of southern Sichuan.
The column engaged in a fierce battle at Lantian Dam, and after fierce resistance, they eliminated a large number of enemy troops. This sudden attack terrified the Kuomintang troops in Sichuan Province, who hurriedly dispatched troops to garrison the vicinity of Luzhou and ordered the Sichuan militia groups to go and surround them.
However, the column, under the encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang army of 60,000 people, suffered a serious blow, and the number of personnel dropped sharply. In November 1935, the column held a meeting in Jiajiawan and decided to break through the siege in two ways.
Yu Zehong and Liu Ganchen led some people to move to the Changning area in southern Sichuan, while Long Housheng led another part of the people to move to the Tashi and Zhenxiong areas.
When Yu Zehong and Liu Ganchen's troops were transferred near Jiang'an, Liu Ganchen was unable to move due to a leg injury, and was carried by soldiers to Shanshuwan to recuperate. The rest of the unit continued to evade the enemy's encirclement.
In mid-December, the team was a traitor, resulting in Yu Zehong's troops being surrounded by the Kuomintang in Jiang'an, after a day of fierce fighting, Yu Zehong died bravely, and all the members of the column he led were killed by the Kuomintang.
Liu Ganchen hid in a private house on December 27, 1935, and learned that the Kuomintang had come to search for him, so in order not to disturb the villagers, he decided to go up the mountain alone to hide. However, he was still discovered by two Kuomintang soldiers.
In the face of the threat of the enemy, Liu Ganchen remained calm, and when the enemy approached, he killed the two Kuomintang soldiers. Looking at the group of Kuomintang soldiers running from a distance, he decisively aimed his gun at himself, and the last bullet was fired into his heart.
After Liu Ganchen's heroic death, the Kuomintang brutally cut off his head and hung it on a big tree in front of the gate of Dongyang Township, in an attempt to scare and attack the people and the guerrilla columns.
However, the villagers spontaneously buried Liu Ganchen's body in Shanshuwan, and whenever they remembered the hero, they would come to pay their respects. Finally, in February 1936, the column held a meeting in Hinwenloberlin, where it was decided to form a local partisan unit.
Liu Fuchu was elected political commissar, and Long Housheng served as commander. In order to reduce the head-on clash with the Kuomintang, the column decided to go to the Sichuan-Yunnan border to expand the guerrillas. Zhao Wenhai and some other Green Forest armed forces also hoped to join the guerrillas, and after conducting a comprehensive investigation of them, the column agreed to their joining and sent them back to their hometowns to develop guerrilla forces.
In March, a column of more than 400 people, which had expanded to block the enemy forces at Jinyinshan, covered the red.
2. The Red Sixth Army marched westward. Subsequently, Liu Shaocheng and others of the Kuomintang Sichuan Army carried out an armed uprising and joined the guerrilla column.
In June 1936, the guerrilla column had increased to more than 800 people, and in response to the call of the party organization to stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan, the column changed the name of the "Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Border Region Guerrilla Column" to the "Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Border Area Anti-Japanese Advance Team."
At this time, Liu Fuchu served as the political commissar and Ruan Junchen served as the commander, and the column began to mobilize and organize the people to resist Japan in the Yunnan-Guichuan area. However, the Kuomintang did not stop attacking the column, and mobilized more than a dozen corps to once again carry out the "suppression of the three provincial capitals" against the column.
In November of the same year, the column died tragically in the battle, and Liu Fuchu was unfortunately imprisoned.
The tomb of the martyr of Tanchang Long Housheng witnessed the history of weeping blood in January 1937. The leaders of the column, Long Housheng and Liu Shaocheng, died under the Kuomintang butcher's knife, and the guerrilla column completely collapsed.
A small number of survivors fought valiantly in various parts of Yunnan-Guichuan, but did not form a unified team again. Liu Fuchu, the only survivor of the column's leaders, was imprisoned by the Kuomintang until August 1937, when he was released as a result of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
Liu Fuchu never divulged any secrets of the party organization in prison, and no matter how much torture he suffered, he was always firm and unyielding. In the winter of 1937, Li Guihong, a survivor of the guerrilla column, finally found the embrace of the organization after going through difficulties.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Liu Fuchu set foot on the land of Yunnan-Guichuan, but he never found other teammates of the guerrilla column. It was not until after the liberation of the Great Southwest that the surviving members of the guerrilla column finally got together, found the PLA, and were properly organized and arranged.
With their familiar places and personal advantages, they assisted the People's Liberation Army in eliminating bandits and Kuomintang spies in Yunnan-Guichuan, so that the heroic spirit of the martyrs could be inherited. ** When receiving them, hearing about the tragic experience of the guerrilla column, he was silent for a long time, his eyes filled with tears, and he exclaimed: "The spirit of the martyrs lives on. ”
In 1950, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) successfully captured the traitor Wang Yitao, who was subsequently executed after a public trial verdict in 1951. This action was unanimously applauded by onlookers.
However, in 1984, after his retirement, Liu Fuchu traveled to the Yunnan-Guichuan region with his sick body, determined to re-search for the old guerrillas who might still be alive.
The spirit and deeds of those brave and fearless guerrillas who fought tenaciously to accomplish their mission are deeply admired. With their lives, they have shown a heroic and fearless warrior spirit, and their spirit will always be engraved in our hearts.