years,A soldier of the Western Han DynastydnaInformation was found in the Mongol surrendered city.
The team from Jilin University pre-published the article "Interpreting the Han-Hungarian War 2000 Years ago from the Perspective of Biology through the Mass Graves of the Bayan Prague Site" in the SSRN of the top journal "Nature", revealing the whole chromosomal information of 14 Han Dynasty soldiers.
Through the study of the isotopes of oxygen and strontium sr, it was confirmed that these ancient soldiers were not local herdsmen in the grassland, but the children of Han Dynasty farmers from the Yellow River Valley. The results of this study provide us with a new perspective and clues for our in-depth understanding of the Han-Hungarian War 2000 years ago.
Located in Bayan Prague (abbreviated as BBS) in today's South Gobi Province of Outer Mongolia, the site of the surrendered city is a "surrendered city" built in the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (105 BC), intended to receive the surrendered Xiongnu.
The skeletons of the individuals at this site are all from a large mass grave. These bones have sharp scars on them, indicating that they were buried together shortly after their deaths.
It is speculated that this may have been a burial for the comrades who survived the battlefield cleaning.
After 87SR 86SR isotope analysis of 14 ancient people, we found that their ratio was 0709979 to 0711164, the average is 0710450±0.000320。
Compared with the grassland areas of Inner and Outer Mongolia, the strontium isotope ratio of these ancient people was obviously higher, and the strontium isotope ratio of the indigenous grassland ancient people was 0709322 to 0709748, the average is 0709535±0.000213。
Therefore, we can determine that these 14 Han Dynasty soldiers were not the indigenous population of the grassland, but came from the Central Plains, and their strontium isotope ratios show that they lived in the Central Plains region with high strontium 87 for a long time.
At the same time, they were stationed at the border soon after a fierce battle broke out, which eventually led to the sacrifice of these Central Plains soldiers. Therefore, these soldiers are not the Hun soldiers that some netizens think.
3. Oxygen isotope analysis studies have shown that the oxygen 18 isotope value of the ancient inhabitants of the grassland area is -134 to -95, the average is -114±1.9‰。
However, by comparison, we can find that the oxygen 18 isotope values of these 14 Han Dynasty ancients far exceed the range of grassland dwellers, which is consistent with the results of strontium isotope analysis.
These ancients were not local steppe populations, but outsiders. They died shortly after arriving in Bayan Prague in the Outer Mongolian steppe, and the O18 isotope in human bones was not replaced by the local environment.
Therefore, we can infer that they did not live and grow in the local grasslands.
Through paternal Y, maternal mtDNA and autosomal whole genome analysis, the researchers believe that these 14 ancient people are undoubtedly the descendants of ancient Chinese Han soldiers, and they are not significantly different from modern Han Chinese.
Most of the Y chromosomes of these ancients belong to the types common in the ancient Yellow River Basin, and these types are also very common among the modern Han Chinese. Among them, O2A2B1A1A-F8, O2A2B1A2-F114, Q1A1A1A-M120, C2S1A1A1A1A-M407, N1A2A1A-F1998, O1B1A2B-Z24433 and O2A2B2B1B-AM01822 accounted for 583%, which is very close to the O2 proportion of the modern Han people.
The C2 Nan-M407, O1B-PAGE59, N-F1998 and Q-M120 types are highly consistent with the modern northern Han characteristic types.
This shows that these 14 ancients are the descendants of ancient Han soldiers, and their genes are not significantly different from those of modern Han Chinese.
The paternal Y chromosome type of the Bayanbulat site is consistent with that of the ancient people since the Neolithic period in the Yellow River Basin, and the paternal distant ancestors of these individuals can be traced back to the ancient populations in the Yellow River Basin.
Maternal mitochondrial mtDNA types A, D4, D5, F2 and G accounted for 647%, which is highly consistent with the modern Han nationality. In addition, autosomal analysis has also shown that these ancients were very close to the modern Han Chinese.
Genetic studies have shown that individuals found at the Bayan Prague site have strong ties to ancient and modern populations in the Yellow River Basin. These Han Dynasty ancients died heroically defending the country's borders 2,000 years ago, leaving the countryside of the Central Plains to go to the desert and die in battle.
Through the autosomal comparison (k=7) of the admixture software, we can see that these Han Dynasty soldiers and ancients are highly consistent with the modern northern Han people, and completely different from the Xiongnu.
In addition, the D43 and D45 of the two ancient people found earlier (mistakenly thought to be the Huns at the time) were also studied. After autosomal analysis, they were undoubtedly members of the Han army.
Since this article is being pre-published on SSRN, it is not possible to show more details. We look forward to the successful publication of the article in the top academic journal Nature and look forward to seeing more data published."