The mystery of Zhu Yuanzhang's strategy Why did he fail to prevent Zhu Di from seizing the throne?
Zhu Yuanzhang took great pains to let his grandson Zhu Yunwen ascend to the throne smoothly, but why did Zhu Di rebel and finally seize the world only a year after Zhu Yuanzhang's death? Zhu Yuanzhang not only laid a clean and neat foundation for him to destroy the court, but also shook his stable throne and successfully forced Zhu Di to rebel.
Mistake 1 Let the clansmen repeat the mistakes of the past, causing Zhu Di to lose control.
It is understandable to kill the clan for the sake of the stability of the throne, but it can be said that Zhu Yunwen has repeatedly made mistakes in the means, form and order of killing the clan.
1.If the clan is too impatient, it will lose some people's hearts. As we all know, Zhu Yunwen is not the first heir to the throne. Before him was Zhu Biao's second son Zhu Yunwen, and the reason why Zhu Yunwen was able to get Zhu Yuanzhang's favor was because of him"Benevolence and filial piety"。However, after the death of Zhu Yuanzhang on June 24, 1398, Zhu Yunwen began to cut the feudal domain in July 1398"Rebellion"He was demoted to a civilian and moved to Menghua, Yunnan. It's been more than a month since his grandfather died, and Zhu Yunwen showed it to his uncle"Benevolence and filial piety"What does this mean for world problems?
2. Too much emphasis on wings, both as a leader and as a homemaker. At the beginning, Qi Tai and others suggested starting with the strongest Yan Wang, Huang Zicheng thought that Yan Wang had no merit, and the important thing was not to make trouble unreasonably, and he should find the prince's problem first. But some princes are guilty, some princes are not guilty at all, and the court can only'Planting blame', What's even more ridiculous is that for these princes, most of the crimes listed by the imperial court are'Conspiracy against the grave crime'。""Conspiracy against the grave crime"Cutting his title is not only unjustifiable, but also reflects Zhu Yunwen's magnanimous side, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone. But the problem is that the princes are not stupid, the civil and military officials are not stupid, the people of the world are not stupid, Zhu Yuanzhang has only been dead for more than a year, and there are so many princes who want it'Rebellion'Is it? Especially Zhu Bai, the king of Xiang, was unbearable, and when he destroyed the door, he slapped Zhu Yunwen in the face fiercely.
3.The order to cut the feudal domain was wrong, and Zhu Di had time to prepare. If the cutting of the feudal domain could start with the strongest Zhu Di and proceed with a thunderous momentum, the next series of things may not happen. But Zhu Yunwen chose it"From easy to difficult"As a result, it not only stimulated Zhu Di's determination to gradually build up the army, but also gave him plenty of time to prepare.
4.The secession of feudal towns caused Zhu Di to lose his dominance. As shown in the table below, according to Zhu Yuanzhang's arrangement, Zhu Di, King Yan, and King Liao were in the northeast, King Ning, King Gu, and King Dai were in the north, King Jin and King Qi were in the west, and King Lu and King Zhou were in the south. Not only did the princes have more real power, but many of them also had experience leading troops on the battlefield, and the princes could actually control themselves. As a result, Emperor Jianwen beheaded the King of Xu, the King of Qi, the King of Xiang, the King of Dai, and the King of Min, and imprisoned the King of Gu, causing Zhu Di to lose control and gain huge room for maneuver.
In fact, Zhu Di said that the emperor also intercepted the domain, but his method was completely different from Zhu Yunwen, so he successfully achieved the goal of intercepting the domain.
Mistake 2: Wrong selection, reuse Fang Qi and Huang Xiaoming.
During the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang, he did manage a little too much, so he was deeply trusted by the civil and military officials of the imperial court, but what he did caused chaos in the palace.
1.Fang Xiaoru, Qi Tai, and Huang Zicheng's evil forces. As the saying goes, one day is a teacher, a lifetime is a father, after Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne in the new dynasty, Fang Xiaoru, Qi Tai, and Huang Zicheng focused on promotion, and regarded them as lovers, and began to implement the reform of the government. These three people were indeed literate, but they had no experience in governing the country, and Huang Zicheng and Qi Tai were mainly inclined to Confucianism'Self-cultivation, family, governance, and peace in the world'theories, which aimed to regulate the governance of the empire and strengthen the authority of the emperor; But Fang Xiaoru is more extreme, he always has"Weekly Rites"and do not let go"Weekly Rites", not even reluctantly"Weekly Rites"and even to let"Weekly Rites"Restoration, that is, complete idealism. Zhu Yunwen appointed these three reformist generals, so that he could change the name of a ** department today, change the name of a region tomorrow, dismiss today, and be promoted tomorrow.
2. Too suspicious, will not employ people. Although the palace in Zhu Yunwen's era was different from the gathering of famous generals in the early Ming Dynasty, the palace was not good at soldiers. In the past four years, Zhu Yunwen has successively appointed Geng Bingwen, Li Jinglong, and Mei Yin as marshals; in addition, Geng Bingwen has a certain amount of actual combat experience (he was also dismissed due to a small defeat), Li Jinglong only participated in military training, and has never had experience in leading troops, and Mei Yin has only one experience in inspecting the troops left behind in Fengyang. Ping An, Xu Huizu, Qu Neng and others performed well, but they were never reused. Some of them didn't dare to stand up bravely, and some didn't dare to be reused because they were implicated with Zhu Di. As a result, Li Jinglong and Mei Yin wasted more than one million soldiers, which in turn led to a shortage of troops in the Beijing camp stationed in Nanjing, and Zhu Di had an opportunity.
Mistake 3: The army was sent incorrectly with an empty capital letter.
Zhu Di's opponent is Zhu Yunwen, who controls the entire world in a corner. If Zhu Yunwen hadn't made the mistake of sending troops, Zhu Di's desire to conquer the world within four years would be tantamount to a fantasy.
1 Without the support of the generals, the army appeared empty. I don't know if you have also noticed that in the four years of Emperor Jianwen, not only did he not have an active royal army, but he even lacked the means of expeditionary deployment. On the one hand, it is due to Zhu Yunwen's emphasis on the army, on the other hand, it is the influence of feudal interpretation, the princes of the early Ming Dynasty are all feudal lords with real power, and often have the right to control the local military and political power, especially the feudal lords and princes in the north, due to the frequent conquest of the Northern Yuan, have cultivated a large number of combat generals. Most of them had to go on! Obviously, these generals had a much closer relationship with the feudal officials than with the new emperor Zhu Yunwen, and if Zhu Yunwen severely curbed the feudal officials, these generals would be more or less angry. In addition, Zhu Yunwen's suspicion was very heavy, because these generals did not dare to use it, which made the military power in the palace empty, and finally even had to send people to the local garrison.
2. Involving the strength of the base camp, Nanjing's defense is in vain. In order to ensure the safety of the capital, the army of the base camp has 48 guards, according to the system of the Ming Dynasty, each guard is exactly 5,600 people, and the strength of the base camp alone is as many as 270,000 people, if you add the troops inside the base camp and the troops around the capital, the army has at least 400,000 people. However, because of Li Jinglong's two consecutive defeats, Zhu Yunwen finally had to withdraw the troops of the big battalion and send them to the front line, and then let the ministers go out of the city to gather troops to support the big camp, but before these ministers returned, Zhu Yunwen quickly crossed the Yangtze River, defended Nanjing in one go, and then broke through the city of Nanjing, which had complete fortifications. Of course, the Nanjing gate was opened with the help of Li Jinglong.
In short, if Zhu Yunwen's self-deception does not work, Zhu Yunwen's throne under Zhu Yuanzhang's arrangement will be stable enough, and it will be very difficult for Zhu Di to replace him. No, Zhu Yunwen wanted to do a great career, but he made mistakes again and again, and finally embarked on the road of no return.