During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Spring Festival was recorded in ancient books, but there were many activities related to the Spring Festival. For example, in the spring, ceremonies to ward off plagues are performed, and spring wine is drunk to worship ancestors. At that time though, tooThe concept of "Spring Festival" is not clearly documented, but it is also the beginning of the year as the Spring Festival.
Zhou Gongdan. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was specially formulated"The Primordial Calendar"., make it clear that the beginning of the first month must be the beginning of the year. The first day of the first month is the first day of the yearIt is the beginning of a new year, that is, the beginning of the Spring Festival, and this rule has continued to this day for more than 2,000 years.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Central Plains was torn apart, wars broke out year after year, and the change of dynasty was like a marquee. Due to the fact that the northern ethnic groups went deep into the interior and integrated with the Han people, this periodThe Spring Festival is called "Zhengdan".。The first day of the first lunar month is the New Year's Day, the Spring Festival at that timeIt has a strong color of disaster.
Spring Festival of the Han Dynasty. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the chaotic situation of war was completely changed, and the rule of Zhenguan and the prosperity of the Kaiyuan Dynasty made Shanxi and Shaanxi the center of the country. The economic and cultural prosperity has made the Spring Festival activities colorful, and the Spring Festival during the Tang Dynasty was called"Yuan Ri".And no longer "Zhengdan".
During the Tang Dynasty, there were customs of Chinese New Year's Eve and New Year's Celebration, and the night of Chinese New Year's Eve became a grand festival on New Year's Eve, where the whole family gathered to sing and feast and light lanterns all night to welcome the arrival of the New Year. A tradition of Chinese New Year's EveSince then, it has become popular and continues to this day.
Tang Dynasty Spring Festival. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, it entered the period of secession and conquest of the Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties, and frequent wars led to the deepening of the integration of different ethnic groups. The Song Dynasty called the Spring Festival "New Year's Day" or "Yuan Day".It can be seen from the Song poems that there seem to be more cases of calling "Yuan Ri". At that time, the Spring Festival in Bianliang, Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was very lively, and lantern viewing became a major feature of the Spring Festival.
During this period, under the influence of the Song Dynasty, the Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties also gradually celebrated the Spring Festival, and the Spring Festivals celebrated by these separatist regimes were very lively, and even no different from the Spring Festival of the Song people. In**"Water Margin".You can see the liveliness of the Spring Festival in Bianliang, and there are also many poems describing the Spring Festival in the poems of Su Shi, Lu You, Xin Qiji and others.
Spring Festival of the Song Dynasty.
After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Spring Festival followed the Song Dynasty"New Year's Day" and "New Year's Day".The name is also based on the first day of the first lunar month as the beginning of the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival of the Ming Dynasty has two major features, one of which is to hold the Aoshan Lantern FestivalAoshan Lantern FestivalIt's huge, and it's up to a month. All kinds of lamps were tied with paper, and the emperor and ministers went to enjoy the lanterns and sing and dance.
The Aoshan Lantern Festival is becoming more and more luxurious, and the silver taels spent are also increasing, and the lanterns in the Wanli period will cost hundreds of thousands of taels**. The Aoshan Lantern Festival is also open to the people of BeijingJoy for the people and the peopleIt's well represented.
The second is to hold a large market, which sells all kinds of things in the area of the City God's Temple in Beijing from the beginning of the first month. **And the public can go to buy, whether it is domestic products or foreign treasures, there are a variety of daily necessities. The Lantern Festival is held together with the hypermarket, and women and their families walk around casually, but people often only look at it and don't buy it"Shopping for all diseases".
The Ming Dynasty visited all kinds of diseases during the Spring Festival.
During the Qing Dynasty, the Spring Festival of the Ming Dynasty was followed, and the Qing Dynasty also called the Spring Festival"New Year's Day" and "New Year's Day".。The Spring Festival in the Qing Dynasty is not much different from today, after entering the lunar month, they began to prepare for the New Year, and every household cleaned the house, cut the window and paste the window, wiped the glass, washed the clothes, and washed the bedding anyway, the house was cleaned clean.
Then kill the New Year's pig, marinate bacon, prepare the New Year's chicken, duck and fish, write Spring Festival couplets, etc., press vermicelli, make oil cakes, fry twist flowers, boil oil seeds, three seeds, steam nests, etc.
Qing Dynasty Spring Festival. The customs vary from place to place, but there is basically not much difference, and even the emperor and concubines in the palace began to celebrate the New Year. Various royal banquets were held, banquets were held for ministers and their wives, and the emperor personally wrote to present the ministers, and most of the words written by the emperor were"Blessing", "Happiness" and "Longevity".Wait.
After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, the feudal dynasty was completely ended, and after the new calendar was changed in 1911, the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar must be the "Spring Festival", and 1912 was called the first year of China. It was from this time that the Chinese spent more than 2,000 years of Spring FestivalThere is a unified name "Spring Festival".
*Spring Festival social drama.
So, the Spring FestivalThe name is only 113 years old, but the Chinese New Year has a history of more than 2,000 years. This is the history of the Chinese New Year, which is a custom that has been passed down for 2,000 years, it is the most important festival in Chinese, and it is also a festival ...... have great influence in the world