The process of the Ming Dynasty court meeting was a cumbersome and orderly political ceremony
The most important activities of the ancient imperial court generally have three types: the early dynasty, the afternoon dynasty, and the late dynasty, of which the early dynasty is the most core, and it is precisely because of this importance that the imperial court will naturally have a series of strict systems. Just like Zhu Yuanzhang's promotion to prime minister, the court system of the Ming Dynasty was originally unique, but the Ming Dynasty did not have a complete set of court etiquette, and in the official history, there was only the "Lian Zhao Gong Case" of the dynasty, and the "Ming Huidian" recorded was only a compilation of "Lian Zhao Gong Case", with many omissions. There are too many blemishes. However, fortunately, someone summarized this by comparing the emperor's actual records, private notes, etc., and the following is a brief introduction to the whole process of the Ming Dynasty's triage.
Hou Chao scene. In the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court ** was called"Pilgrimage view"with"Jing Dynasty View", you must wear a toothpick when entering and leaving the palace. In order to facilitate work in the palace, most of the imperial court ** preferred to live in the south of the city"For example, East Chang'an Avenue and West Chang'an Street, where most of the imperial court ** lived"。
Before the morning judgment, the priests had to get up at midnight and go to the noon gate, where they would assemble when they were ready. At about three o'clock in the morning, the ministers arrived at the noon gate and began to wait. The noon gate is the main gate of the Forbidden City, located in the middle of the imperial road, which is not open on weekdays, and the left and right rows are guards, such as the chief of the guard, the flag school, etc. The left and right two rows each open a door, called the left and right back doors, and there are hundreds of officials in the courtyard door. The upper floor of the noon gate is called"Wufeng Building", which is in charge of the eunuch of the bell and drum division, and has a portable bell and drum.
For the sake of convenience** waiting to be been"Kidnapping"In a palace in the Imperial City, a series of rooms were built, and they would wait for the palace door to open according to their position in that seat. As the advantage of the neighborhood, there is also a special bungalow at the end of the palace gate, the right arc gate on the south side of the gentry bungalow, and the next three bachelors and professors waiting for the imperial court behind the Hanlin bungalow are in the north column, the bachelors are in the middle column, and the others are in the south column. In addition, there are five more houses on the left side at the end of the gate, also called"Boarding house", located in the Zhan Mansion and the Zhao Bureau official office around Yingchun Fang.
In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu (1391), before the civil and military officials entered the court, they were often scrambling to be the first, and they were very confused, so that the order of entering the court was stipulated"The general is the first, the close minister is second, and the forehead is different except for the five prefectures and six heavenly mansions"。
In the first year of Tianshun (1457), the guards and the court were often crowded, and then they were arranged separately, such as when the third drum, the second gate was opened first, and the military flag and the school entered the arrangement first, and the hundred officials lined up in front of the door, and then opened the gate to enter when the bell rang.
Enter the stage. Usually around 5 a.m., the ** begin to arrive at the palace one after another. Civil officials enter through the left gate, and military attaches enter through the right gate, and they line up in order on the south side of the Jinshui Bridge first.
After the whip, cross the bridge to Fengtianmen Edward, the civil official is the left class, the military attache is the right class, on the royal road, the two bends are called each other"life"Marquis. At the same time, the person in charge of picketing is on the sidelines, and coughing, spitting, crowding, or poor order are recorded pending hearing.
The ** of the Fengtianmen corridor is the emperor's throne, which is called"Jintai"。The staircase is flanked by an orchestra of bells and drums, heavily armed"Han General"Between the formations was a sky-blue fence, and the captain with a standing sword stood around the imperial road and behind the civil and military officials.
The bell and drum division played music, the emperor drove to the imperial gate, five people in brocade guards held umbrellas, four people held fans, and stood on the east and west sides, left and right sides, and Edward sides along the emperor's throne. There are two people inside, one standing on a seat with an umbrella and the other holding it"Martial arts", the fans are different, and the two stand in the seat**. After the Tianshun period, the umbrella was moved to the position of the Jinshui Bridge South Lux fan, and the seat was only an umbrella, and there were two martial arts fans in the middle; The umbrella on the seat will retreat in the event of wind and rain.
When the emperor ascended the throne, he sounded the whip again, Honglu Temple"Chanting"In the class, the civil and military two classes marching around the royal road, at this time, the civil official"North to West", military attaché"North to East"，"Taipan"。Salute three times"Taipan"。There was an extra horse tied to the side of the marquis's team, and it became a class (Xun Qi class), living in front of the military attache class, a little further away from the military attache class.
Morning chorus (birds).
After the greetings, the court's morning session began.
The ** of Honglu Temple was the first to arrive at the post, and reported to the emperor the ** number of people who entered Beijing to thank him and the ** number of people who left Beijing to resign. These people had all reported to Honglu Temple the day before. If the emperor wants to summon them, they will go to the temple to meet them first; If the emperor doesn't see them, they will pay three respects in the temple or at the noon gate far away from the Wuhua Temple, and the visit will be over.
From the lower limit, if there is, first. "The elder Xuan Lu Bu, the second Xuan Zhao Ben, are all early dynasties who have not been announced, and Zhang Guowei and Zhao Wugong are also announced. "(Records of Ming Xiaozong).
This was followed by the most important part of the morning session"saiko "Meeting. According to tradition, every ** is required before the game"Clear your throat", which is also called"Sweeping"。I think it was supposed to be a greeting, which meant that I had to leave the classroom to avoid embarrassment caused by two people leaving the classroom at the same time. This embarrassment is generally led by the General Secretariat or the Hong Kong monastery.
After the greeting, the person who wants to give a speech leaves the classroom, kneels in front of the emperor to give a speech, and returns to the classroom after the speech. The recitation of the Sangha Sutra replaces the spoken language. In addition to instructing the speech, the General Secretary and the Honglu Temple sometimes have to chant on their behalf, usually choosing with"Beauty"with"Big tone"The corresponding yamen to reach"Great view"effect. To reach"Beauty"with"Loud"The effect of the official usually has to be met"Beauty"with"Loud"standards.
At the end of their studies, the royal historian and the honorary registrar took turns leaving the classroom to report on the turmoil of power during the early dynasty.
At this point, the court meeting was basically over. Honglu Temple Qing Song"Sing"Strike,"Xing"The whip sounded, the holy knight returned, and the hundred officials retreated, and each went back to the yamen to do business.
Thanks to the diligent emperor Zhu Yuanzhang in the early middle and early Ming Dynasty, the emperor's early dynasty was usually uninterrupted, even in bad weather, and the emperor was rarely exempt from ascending the throne. He and his concubine, the crown prince, had only routines"Hugh Dynasty"will meet, and the time ranges from one day to three days. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, it was more relaxed.