At 3 p.m. on October 1, 1949, ** announced to the world at the Tiananmen Tower: "The People's Republic of China **People** has been established!" Subsequently, the first five-star red flag of New China was raised, and the masses shouted "Long live the People's Republic" and "Long live *! Although New China has just been established and has just been elected as its chairman, the title "has long been known in the military."
From October 1927, when he led the troops of the Autumn Harvest Uprising to establish the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area, to the autumn of 1931, in just four years, more than 10 Soviet areas had been established in the north and south of the Yangtze River.
At this time, due to the encirclement and suppression, blockade, and communication blockade of the Kuomintang reactionaries, the various base areas basically went their own way, and it was difficult to form a joint force. At this time, our army urgently needs a unified political power to strengthen ties in various places and realize the political initiative.
At that time, there were two kinds of political power in the country, one was the Soviet revolutionary regime led by the Communist Party, and the other was the counter-revolutionary regime led by the Kuomintang. In contrast, the two regimes were very different, and at that time, the Kuomintang was a state with advantages, while the Soviets were scattered and had no diplomatic voice.
However, with the establishment and development of the Soviet regions in various places, in order to win the political initiative and better protect the interests of the people in the Soviet districts, we urgently need to establish a Soviet state power.
From December 1930 to September 1931, ** and ** led the Red Front Army to the first place.
I. 2. In the victory of the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" war, thanks to their efforts, the two revolutionary base areas in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian were linked together. In this way, it has formed the largest ** revolutionary base in the country with 21 county towns and a population of 2.5 million, with Ruijin as the center.
Thanks to its superior geographical conditions and deep mass base, Ruijin has become the first choice for the capital of the red country.
On February 4, 1930, the Communist Party of China issued a circular on the convening of the National Congress of Soviet Regions, at which it proposed for the first time the establishment of a leading national Soviet power to strengthen the unified leadership of the Soviet regions. In this way, the CCP began preparations that lasted for one year and nine months.
In May 1930, the Communist Party of China secretly convened a regional congress of the National Soviets in Shanghai, preparing to convene a national congress of the Chinese Soviets.
To this end, 45 units, including the Communist Party of China, the Young Communist Party, and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, sent representatives to form the "Preparatory Committee for the First Soviet Congress," and in July, a provisional committee of the "Central Quasi-Congress" was set up to start preparations for the First Soviet Congress.
Later, due to the fact that the preparations were not yet fully prepared, it had to be submittedThe conference was postponed for a month and decided to convene on 11 December。And the original opening location was changed from Shanghai at that time to the Jiangxi Soviet region, where ** and *** were located.
However, the conference did not take place as scheduled. In October 1930, Chiang Kai-shek led the army to carry out a large-scale encirclement and suppression of the Jiangxi Soviet areaIt was able to continue to postpone, so the time was pushed to February 7, 1931, and the location did not change.
Due to the tense situation at the time, coupled with the interruption of transportation links and other conditions, **and** did not receive any news of the decision this time. At this time, Lin Yunan, the secretary general in charge of preparing for the "One Soviet Congress", was ready to secretly go to the ** Soviet area of Jiangxi, but he did not expect to be blocked on the way, and finally had to return to Shanghai, but after returning to Shanghai, he did not escape the clutches of the Kuomintang reactionaries, and finally unfortunately died.
In early January 1931, Xiang Ying, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China, came to the Jiangxi Soviet District and established the **Soviet District** Bureau and the Chinese Soviet **Military Committee in Ningdu County.
Here, he conveyed the decision to prepare to convene the "One Soviet Congress" in the Soviet area, but at this time, Xiang Ying did not bring the preparatory documents for the "One Soviet Congress". The delegates to the "One Soviet Congress" were also unable to come due to various reasons, and in addition, the delegates from the Jiangxi ** Soviet District to the congress were not elected, so under such circumstances, the "One Soviet Congress" could only continue to be postponed.
On June 1, 1931, the day after the victory of the second anti-encirclement and suppression, the ** Bureau of the Soviet District of the Communist Party of China announcedOn August 1, the National Congress of Soviets was convened, which was the "One Soviet Congress", which was postponed three times.
But only a few days later, Chiang Kai-shek announced the launch of the third encirclement and suppression of the CCPThe "First Soviet Congress" was postponed for the fourth time, and finally had to be postponed to November 7, 1931.
In order to be able to hold this meeting smoothly, ** is in charge of all the preparations for this meeting. At present, the most important task at hand is to ensure the food, material and accommodation of the more than 600 delegates attending the meeting. To this end, the county party committee and personnel from various places in the county and the county were convened to hold a meeting to study, and to mobilize the masses among the masses to contribute to the conference.
After some hard work, they finally raised enough food, some chicken, duck, fish, and some vegetables. When the surrounding villagers heard that the conference was going to be held in Yeping, they sent supplies and food to ensure the diet of the conference delegates.
Now that the food has been settled, what about the accommodation of more than 600 delegates? To this end, the staff of the county party committee were assembled, and Mao **, He Zizhen and others went deep into the countryside to check the houses one by one, and the local people were also very enthusiastic to make room for the deputies and build beds for them.
In addition to solving the problems of the delegates, ** is also responsible for the preparation of performances about the congress. To this end, ** specially organized the mass congratulation team and the preparation activities of the lantern party. In addition, they led the masses to buy the supplies needed for the performance, specially invited the flower master to make lanterns, tea lights and various placards, and even invited the troupe, organized the copper drum and trumpet team, and the suona team to increase the atmosphere for the performance activities of the conference.
From November 7 to 20, 1931, the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviets, which had endured hardships, was successfully held in Yeping, Ruijin. At that time, the delegates attending the conference were from the Soviet Union, western Fujian, northeast Jiangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi and other regions, in addition, there were also representatives of the Red Army, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the All-China Seamen's Federation of Trade Unions, etc., the number reached 610 people
At that time, even representatives from Vietnam and North Korea attended the conference.
Before the meeting, a solemn military parade was held, and this was also the first large-scale official military parade recorded in the history of our army.
In order to be able to hold this military parade, ** personally led the people of Ruijin to a forest in Yeping Village, found a square that could accommodate tens of thousands of people, and built a Red Army review stand with stones. The red cloth entitled "The Red Army Review Stand of the First National Congress of Soviets" was hung on the platform, a portrait of Marx was hung behind it, and the military flags of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army were erected on both sides.
At that time, the troops participating in the review were mainly representatives of various regiments and corps of the Red Army. More than 600 delegates to the conference also attended the parade. At 7 o'clock in the morning of November 7, the military parade officially began, and ** and others stood on the review stand in turn, and ** presided over the parade as representatives.
Looking at the teams of heroic Red Army soldiers, shouting the slogans of "Long live the Red Army", "Long live the Soviets" and "Long live the Communist Party of China", they walked neatly and solemnly across the review stand. At this time, the leaders standing on the stage had mixed feelings in their hearts, how many ups and downs the Red Army had gone through to get to where it is today, and it had been a lot of hardships along the way, but fortunately they did not give up, and fortunately, the path they adhered to was correct. The parade lasted for an hour, and it was not until sunrise that the parade officially ended.
After the parade, the conference was officially convened.
At this conference,The executive committee composed of 63 people, including Xiang Ying and Xiang Ying, was electedAnd proclaimed the establishment of the Provisional Republic of the Chinese Soviet Republic.
On November 27, after discussions, the CPC decided to appoint the chairman of the People's Committee and the executive committee, with Zhang Guotao and the chairman of the Jiangxi Soviet as the vice chairmen. Later, after the discussion between the Soviet District ** Bureau and the Provisional **, the original "Chairman of the Jiangxi Soviet" was changed to Xiang Ying.
In the afternoon of the same day, the opening ceremony was officially launched, and Xiang Ying delivered an opening speech. Then Ren Bishi walked up to the rostrum and said:"Now, we ask *** to write an inscription for the First Congress of the National Soviets. ”"Who is it? For a while, everyone looked at each other, not knowing who Ren Bishi was calling.
After a while, everyone finally reactedRen Bi was called ***, and then everyone shouted "**" with warm applause
Here, there may be people who don't know, why is it being called *** now, what was they called *** before? It turned out that everyone used to call *** "Party Representative", "Commissar Mao" and "General Political Commissar", so everyone was suddenly called "**Everyone really didn't react for a while."
In the welcome of everyone, **walked to the venue**, and wrote down the title with a stroke of the penThe Soviets were the organs of the workers, peasants, and toilers who managed their own lives, and were the organizers and leaders of the revolutionary warThe inscription.
Since then, the term "*" has become known to the general public.
At the same time, the meeting decided that the Chinese Soviet Republic would be temporarily located in Ruijin, Jiangxi, and renamed it "Ruijing". In this way, Ruijing became the center of the Soviet movement in China and became the second red state power after the Soviet Union.
In January 1934, after the Second National Congress of Soviets was held in Ruijin, the word "temporary" in the Provisional Chinese Soviet Republic was removed and became the Chinese Soviet Republic.
In 1893, in a small village called Shaoshan Chong in Xiangtan County, Hunan, Mao Yichang's family was happy with his noble son and named him, and that's the first name of ***.
For this name, ** is very satisfied, and even often jokes with people to show off.
In November 1951, ** was about to inspect the ancient capital of Anyang, and one of the accompanying people at that time was a regional commissioner named Cheng Yaowu. That day, ** was in a good mood, and after learning the name Cheng Yaowu, he joked with him and said:"Your name is Cheng Yaowu, my name is ***, I look at that, your name is not as atmospheric as my name. ”
In this regard, Cheng Yaowu was confused for a while, and he didn't understand what it meant to say something like this suddenly. Looking at Cheng Yaowu, who was stunned over there, **haha laughed, and explained: ".Zedong is the meaning of shining the sea and shining on the east, and you Cheng Yaowu, no matter how bright the light is, it only shines on your body, so compared, is your name stingy?
Hearing *** say this, Cheng Yaowu smiled, and then understood ***'s words.
**When I was studying at Hunan Normal School, I also gave myself a name, called"Mao Runzhi".
When I was writing articles in my early years, I used "Zedong" and "Runzhi" as pen names many times. And there's a little story to the name.
In 1915, when he was still studying, he wrote a letter to Mr. Yang Huaizhong, signed at the end of the letterMao Xueren”。In this regard, Mr. Yang is very curious, what does this "academic appointment" mean?
But *** replied: "I want to learn from Liang Rengong." It turned out that Liang Rengong was Mr. Liang Qichao's word.
After listening, Mr. Yang Huaizhong took out a copy of "The Complete Works of Hu Wenzhonggong", and gave it to *** and suggested that he should learn Hu Runzhi. And the Hu Runzhi in Mr. Yang's mouth is the word of Mr. Hu Linyi, a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty.
Subsequently, ** read through the book given to him by Mr. Yang, and decided to change his character to "Xuerun".
Seeing this, Mr. Yang Huaizhong felt that it was inappropriate, so he suggested that he change it to "Runzhi", because Sima Changqing once admired Lin Xiangru, so he changed his name to "Xiangru", and now you worship Hu Runzhi, it is better to call it Runzhi.
In this way, ** changed his own character to ".Runzhi
And when *** was just born, his mother also gave him a nickname called"Stone Three Sons".。Because after *** was born, Wen Qimei had two children who died, so in order to let *** live healthily, she named him "Shi San Yanzi", hoping that his body could be as hard as a stone.
And this nickname, ** also likes it very much.
In February 1951, ** returned home from North Korea to return to work, ** joked:"Your name is Shi Chuan, my name is Shi San, and the two of us are two hard and tough stones. ”
To this, ** retorted:"We're all stones! We had two stones, one at Truman and one at MacArthur! ”
**Laugh out loud after listening to it, and admire ***'s humor.
When I was studying in Hunan, I also had a title called ".Twenty-eight painting students
At that time, the First World War was intractable, and Japan took advantage of Germany's lack of time to take care of Qingdao and invaded Qingdao. At the same time, in order to restore the imperial system, Yuan Shikai signed the "Twenty-one Articles" with Japan.
In such a situation, ** was filled with righteous indignation, and after the start of school, a "Friend Solicitation Notice" was posted on the campus, which probably means: Today's country is in a critical autumn of survival, ** can not be trusted, in order to transform the country, seek a like-minded group with him, to gather together. Signed as "Twenty-Eight Painting Students".
Why is it called "Twenty-Eight Painters"? **Add his name according to the traditional Chinese strokes, which is exactly twenty-eight strokes.
Later, ** also published an article titled "The Study of Physical Education" under the signature of "Twenty-Eight Painting Students". Later, it was also published in "New Youth" by Chen Duxiu.
From July to October 1927, ** left the leadership post of the Red Fourth Army and came to the countryside in western Fujian to recuperate. At that time, in order to prevent enemy reconnaissance, ** pseudonymized ".Yang Yinzhi”。Mrs. He Zizhen is pseudonym He Ziying.
In August 1936, ** wrote a letter to his old classmate Yi Lirong in Yan'an, and signed the letter with the name ".Yang Ziren","Ziren" means that he hopes that the other party can work together with him for the Chinese nation, and the surname "Yang" is to commemorate his ex-wife Yang Kaihui.
During the War of Liberation in March 1947, the Kuomintang reactionaries were preparing to launch an offensive in northern Shaanxi and Shandong, in order to lure the enemy deep and safely withdraw the CCP organs from Yan'an. Under Hu Zongnan's powerful offensive, if you defend Yan'an now, you will lose Yan'an, and if you leave Yan'an temporarily, you will get Yan'an.
At the time of the evacuation of Yan'an, ** and some party leaders gave themselves names, ** under the pseudonym "Hu Bicheng", and Ren Bishi under the pseudonym "Shi Lin". And *** named himself "".Li DeshengThe homonym is "leaving the victory", which means that after leaving Yan'an, the Chinese revolution can achieve victory.
Later, ** also liked this name very much, and in the process of changing the war, he changed the surnames of his two daughters to the surname "Li", called Li Ne and Li Min.