"by the end of" is a commonly used English phrase that is often used to describe an action or state that occurs or is completed before the end of a certain point in time. When it is used in conjunction with a clause, attention needs to be paid to the correct voice usage. Here is a detailed explanation of the voice usage of the "by the end of" clause:
Basic structure: "by the end of" is usually followed by a time noun or clause to indicate a point in time. A clause can be a noun clause (such as an object clause, a subject clause, etc.) or a temporal adverbial clause.
Voice Usage: Simple tense: When "by the end of" is followed by a definite point in time, the clause usually uses the past perfect tense (had done) to indicate an action that has been completed before that point in time. For example: by the end of last year, he had finished writing his book(By the end of last year, he had finished his book.) ）
Continuous tense: If you emphasize an action or state that is going on during a certain period of time, you can use the past continuous tense (was were doing). For example: by the end of the month, we were working on the project full-time(By the end of the month, we had been working on this project full-time.) ）
Future tense: While "by the end of" is often used to describe a past or present situation, in some cases, it can also be used in the future tense to denote an action that will be completed before the end of a certain future point in time. In this case, the future perfect tense (will h**e done) can be used. For example: by the end of next year, we will h**e completed the project(By the end of next year, we will complete this project.) ）
Note: Make sure that the tense of the clause matches the point in time expressed by "by the end of".
Choose the appropriate voice (active or passive) according to the context.
Pay attention to the logical relationship between the main and subordinate clauses to ensure that the semantics are clear.
In conclusion, the voice usage of "by the end of" clause needs to be determined according to the specific context and time point. By grasping the basic structure and do's and don'ts, you can use this phrase more accurately to convey what you mean.
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