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This treaty is the first time that "China" has appeared in an international document under the official legal name.
Since then, "China" has become the official name of the country in the world.
China's first international negotiations were high-level internationalization.
Battle of Yaksa.
On September 7, 1689, on July 28, the 28th year of Kangxi, the Qing Dynasty and Imperial Russia officially signed the Treaty of Nebuchu.
This is the first treaty in China's history to be signed in the spirit of international law.
The ministers sent by the Qing Dynasty were Suo Etu, the minister of the guard, and Tong Guogang, the uncle of the state. The level is high enough.
And that's not all.
Accompanying the two important ministers to participate in the negotiation and judgment were also two Westerners.
One is the Portuguese Xu Risheng, acting deputy superintendent of Qintian;
The other was Zhang Cheng, a Frenchman, who was appointed by Louis XIV, the "Sun King", to come to China.
China's participation in international negotiations and negotiations for the first time is a high-level internationalization.
When talking-judging, Latin is the intermediary language.
At the time of signing, the Latin text was the authoritative version, and the Russian and Manchu versions were only translations.
Latin was the recognized legal language in Europe at the time.
The treaty clearly stipulates that from the Gelbiqi River, a tributary of the Heilongjiang River, to the Outer Khingan Mountains to the sea, Lingnan belongs to China, and Lingbei belongs to Russia. It is bounded by the Ergun River in the west, China in the south, and Russia in the north.
At the same time, the Yaksa region belonged to China, and the Russians demolished the city of Yaksa and moved back to the Russian border.
Yaksa City. This document brought peace between the two sides for more than 100 years, until the Treaty of Aihui 169 years later.
Several Sino-Russian treaties on the Outer Northeast.
It gave the Qing Dynasty ample time to pacify the Western Regions and Mongolia.
And that's not all. Moreover, this treaty, our country officially appears in international documents under the name "China".
In this document, the name of our country is Imperii Sinic in Latin, Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu, and Dulimbai Gurun in Russian
The Manchu word means "China", not "Qing State".
A few months later, Kangxi issued an edict and sent officials to erect monuments on the border, and the boundary monuments were marked in Chinese, Manchu, Russian and Latin.
After Nebuchu, Kangxi ordered to survey the northeast.
The Qing Dynasty was on the rise. In the international arena, with its high degree of internationalization, Imperial Russia was deeply impressed.
It's a pity that after Kang Yongqian, China closed itself off from the rest of the country and no longer had the pioneering spirit to explore the Taixi countries.
153 years later, on 15 May, the Opium War had been fought for two years. Kangxi's great-great-grandson Daoguang had a whimsical idea and asked a very "profound" question to the ministers of military aircraft:
"How many are around the country, there are a number of countries to which they belong, and there are a number of them that are the most powerful and large, and those who are not under the control of the country, and there are a number of them, and they are also connected to the various departments of Xinjiang, whether there are dry roads to pass, whether there are ordinary contacts, whether Russia borders, and whether there is ** communication," (Qing Xuanzong Records Volume 370).
The foolish monarch probably didn't know how ......international the mission was when his Gaozu sent people to Nebuchu 153 years ago