Click to see**.
The long dragon opens its teeth and claws, mighty and fierce; The peacock is delicate and colorful; The peony color is gorgeous, and the national color is ......In the Dacheng Hall of Confucius Temple in Hangzhou, there are not only Confucius and four matching images, but also more than 800 square meters of exquisite color paintings hidden at the top of the hall. These colorful paintings have a variety of themes and exquisite patterns, making the Confucius Temple in Hangzhou the single ancient building with the largest preserved color painting area in the south of the Yangtze River at present.
The theme of the color painting follows the auspicious patterns that have been handed down since ancient times, there are dragons, phoenixes, unicorns, cranes and other rare and exotic beasts, as well as flowers and birds, landscapes, and character patterns, and the dragon patterns are particularly rich, with a variety of forms such as walking dragons, ascending dragons, descending dragons, and sitting dragons. The staff of the Hangzhou Cultural Heritage and Historic Building Protection Center said.
The Year of the Dragon is coming. Hangzhou** and Hangzhou Cultural Heritage and Historical Building Protection Center jointly launched the "Confucius Temple with Dragon" New Year blessing activity. One of the activities is that during the Spring Festival, if you take a picture of the "dragon" element in the Confucius Temple in Hangzhou**or short**, and post it to social networks such as Xiaohongshu, you can receive a New Year's blessing bag.
What are the "dragons" in the Temple of Confucius? Let's find out in advance.
The dragon pattern painting is mainly based on the cloud dragon playing with beads.
There are four forms: the walking dragon, the ascending dragon, the descending dragon, and the sitting dragon.
According to the book "Hangzhou Confucius Temple Color Painting", the color painting in the Dacheng Hall belongs to the more typical late Qing Dynasty Haiyuan style Su painting.
According to the staff of the Confucius Temple in Hangzhou, these colorful paintings have dragons, phoenixes, unicorns, cranes, flowers and birds, landscapes, figures and other patterns, which can be subdivided into 12 categories, entrusting people with good wishes to ward off evil spirits and pursue auspiciousness. The color is mainly red and yellow, and the layout of the components strives to be opposite to each other.
"Dragons" in various postures on the roof of Daesungjeon.
The dragon pattern painting of Dacheng Hall is mainly based on the cloud dragon playing with bead patterns, and there are four forms of walking dragon, ascending dragon, descending dragon, and sitting dragon. The staff said that the dragon pattern is mostly painted on the ceiling beam and forehead, with auspicious clouds, flames, pearls, etc., to form a double dragon playing with pearls, catching pearls and other sea-wall-style patterns.
"Dragons" in various postures on the roof of Daesungjeon.
Following the guidance of the staff, we saw the "Double Dragon Playing Pearl" pattern on the ceiling beam between the heavy eaves pillar and the inner pillar in the west of the Ming Room - the two ends are the Ruyi cloud head pattern, the two dragons are opposite, and the pearl is in the middle. This is the running dragon, also known as the running dragon, the head is in front of the tail in the back, and there is an obvious arched waist in the middle, running forward in the same direction, and it is generally used in longer parts. The staff member said.
Double dragons playing with pearls on the beams of the house.
In the fourth row of the eastern number and the fifth block of the northern number of the Ming ceiling, it is the pattern of "Ascending Dragon Spitting Pearls". "The ascending dragon is the opposite of the descending dragon, mainly depending on the position of the head and the direction of the dragon's body, the dragon's head is at the upper end of the curved dragon body, the two hind legs are at the bottom, and the tail is rolled to the middle side ......Said the staff.
In the third column of the east number of the smallpox in the Ming Dynasty and the eighth block of the north number, it is "sitting on the dragon and spitting the pearl" - sitting on the dragon, also known as the group dragon, is mostly painted in the circular (group-shaped) part, because it is "sitting", therefore, the posture of the dragon is upright, the head and the bead are in the center, and the position of the limbs is symmetrical ......
In addition to the colorful paintings of the Dacheng Temple, there are many, many "dragons" in the Confucian Temple.
In the exhibition hall of the Confucian Temple, there is a "Stone House Cave Dragon Pattern Rubbing" in the period of Wu Yue Kingdom - the dragon pattern is engraved in the higher part of the cave, and the three-clawed walking dragon (the dragon before the Yuan Dynasty is basically three-clawed) is in the form of walking upright, with a slender body and a long tail. "The dragon patterns of the Wu Yue Kingdom period are mostly in the form of walking dragons, with scales and armor all over the body, long beards fluttering, and the appearance of walking is very imposing. The staff member said, "A few years ago, when the relevant departments dredged the West Lake, they also found silver slips and golden dragons from the Wu Yue Kingdom period. The kings of Wuyue in the past dynasties have thrown Jane to the West Lake, Jianhu Lake and other water mansions, praying for smooth weather and happy people. ”
The dragon pattern stele in the Temple of Confucius.
Under the protection of generation after generation.
Professional renovation reproduces the charm of the Confucian Temple.
How are these paintings preserved? It is a question that surrounds the viewer's mind.
Due to the limited life cycle of wooden buildings, it is difficult to preserve the color paintings of ancient buildings for a long time. How to restore the original appearance of the Dacheng Hall and reproduce the style of the color paintings has become an important task for the protection of cultural relics in Hangzhou. Said the staff.
The dragon pattern stele in the Temple of Confucius.
In the 80s of the 20th century, Hangzhou carried out intensive repair of the Dacheng Hall paintings, mainly to paint the surface of the exposed paintings to isolate and protect the varnish layer, and to cover the seriously damaged paintings with blending lacquer, etc., to protect the paintings that had fallen into disrepair; In 2007, Hangzhou once again started the restoration project of the Confucian Temple paintings, mainly to restore and protect the ceiling, beams, fangs and other places.
The dragon pattern stele in the Temple of Confucius.
Before the protection and restoration of the whole color painting, the experts carried out a lot of scientific and rigorous preparations, through photography, drawing, text records, etc., to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the color paintings of the Dacheng Palace, and to sample and analyze some representative parts, in order to achieve the rescue protection of the color paintings without harming the color painting itself. The staff said that the restoration and protection work follows the principle of "protection first, rescue first", using different materials and construction techniques for different diseases of color paintings, and carrying out targeted treatment and protection, and making appropriate repairs and colors on the premise that some of the color paintings that have fallen off or are incomplete, and the restoration project was fully completed in March 2008.
Under the protection of generation after generation, the Dacheng Hall color painting has regained its dazzling brilliance.
More "Confucius Temple with Dragon" New Year blessing activities will be launched soon, so stay tuned.