Author: Xu Jie.
There are three main uses of the word C in Jinwen: one is to combine it with the earth branch and use it as a dry branch to record the year, such as Bingwu, Bingzi, etc.; the second is to combine with relatives and use them as day names, such as father C, ancestor C, etc.; The third is to be used as a clan name.
The glyph of the "C" character of the oracle bone inscription and the golden inscription is relatively certain in the academic circles, and it is generally made in the following shape:
Bing, recorded in the Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection, 771, inscription: "C". C, family emblem.
Ran's father Bingding, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" in 1566, inscription: "Ran's father Bing". Ran, clan name; father, pro-title; C, the name of the day. The word "C" of "Ran Father Bingding" and the word "C" of "C" are slightly different, one is line-shaped, and the other is filled.
There are cases in the academic community that "鬲" and "C" are recognized as the same word. As the family emblem of the "鬲", its glyph is as follows:
The Emperor of the Beard, recorded in the "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 7656, inscription: "鬲". "鬲", the family emblem. As a family emblem, the glyph of "鬲" is to add a symbol like a sign on the left and right sides of the glyph of the golden text "C", which should be derived from the ears of Tao Mo, so some scholars also interpret it as C. Sun Yirang believes in "The Remnants of the Ancient Scriptures" that the interpretation of C is improper, and the old interpretation is correct.
The compilation of ancient scriptures is a collection of oracle bone inscriptions, Zhong Ding styles, Zhou Xuan stone drums, Qin and Han Jijin, as well as ancient seals, ancient pottery, ancient coins, ancient weapons and various characters, a total of about 3,000 words, more than 30,000 heavy texts, is a collection of seal script reference book.
Zou Heng's "Collection of Archaeology of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties" believes that the character "鬲" as a family emblem is the crotch of the pre-Zhou culture, "the character of the oracle bone inscription is like a crotch moustache; The characters collected in the "Jin Wen Compilation" are all imitations of oracle bone inscriptions. The character 'mustache' resembles a split crotch with two feet looking forward, but the presence of ears is a prominent feature. After the Keshang, probably because the Zhou people accepted the Shang culture's character of the mustache, and at the same time, the amphorae pottery character had been abandoned in actual life, and the writing of the word '鬲' became more and more detached from the original form, until finally it was only retained as a family emblem. ”
Therefore, the "C" family discussed in this article does not include the "mustache" family. According to the statistics of Wang Changfeng's "Research on the Family Emblem of Yin Zhou Jinwen", there are at least 30 pieces of Jinwen inscription with the word "C".
Bingfu B Ding, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 1543, inscription: "Bingfu B". C, the name of the family.
There are at least 8 cases of composite family emblems composed of the C and other ethnic groups seen in Jin Wen.
Composite clan emblem, also known as compound clan names, Zhu Fenghan's "Composite Clan Names in Shang and Zhou Bronze Inscriptions" believes that the so-called composite clan name refers to the inscription of a piece of artifact, the maker signs the name of the clan to which he belongs, which is composed of two or more clan names, and in different utensils, there are different combination forms, such as a, b, c on behalf of three clan names, and on a piece of artifact inscribed by a and b two clan names composed of compound clan names, but in other artifacts there may be ac, A compound name in the form of a combination of BC or ABC.
Composite family emblem, Wang Changfeng called the "marriage family emblem". Wang Changfeng's "Research on the Family Emblem of Yin Zhou Jinwen" believes that "the same track", "alliance", "same position" and "foreign marriage" are the main reasons for the combination of family emblems and ritual utensils cast between the nations.
Bingmu Father Xin, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 5166, with the same inscription on the cover: "Bingmu Father Xin Book". Bingmu, a composite family emblem composed of the C and wood groups; father, pro-title; Xin, Japanese name; The name of the official position, which indicates that there are members of the C family who serve as officials in the book. The office of the bookkeeper is the task of command.
For the first time, Sun Yi made the "Zuo Ji" in the "Ancient Collection" set the "Zuo Album" in the Jin Wen as the official title, "The matter of the internal history is in charge of the order, or it is called the 'Zuo Juan'." "The Book of Books" cloud "the king's order to make a book, Yi Zhu book" ......
The scholars generally agree with him that many of the family names in the Jin Wen family emblem of the Shang and Zhou dynasties are embellished with book characters, and Zhang Maorong's "On the Unique Expression of the Bronze Family Emblem Characters of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties" believes that the family emblem is embellished with book characters to indicate its origin.
"Three Kinds of Texts and Ancient Supplements" is a book published by Zhonghua Book Company on June 1, 2011, and the author is Wu Dacheng.
According to the statistics of Wang Changfeng's "Research on the Jin Wen Family Emblem of Yin Zhou", there are at least 26 gold inscriptions inscribed with the "wood" family emblem, such as Mu Father Xin Ding and so on.
Mu Father Xin Ding, recorded in the Yin Zhou Jin Wen Collection, 1654, inscription: "Mu Father Xin", wood, family name; father, pro-title; Xin, Japanese name;
Bingtianjue, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 8144, inscription: "Bingtian", which is a composite family emblem composed of the C and Tian clans.
The Tian clan in the Shang and Zhou dynasties was a relatively large clan, according to Wang Changfeng's "Yin Zhou Jin Wen Family Emblem Research" statistics, with the "Tian" family emblem at least 177 pieces of gold inscriptions, such as the Heavenly Father Jiding and so on.
Heavenly Father's Jiding, recorded in 1602 of the Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection, inscription: "Heavenly Father's Self". day, "Integration" is interpreted as large, the name of the family; father, pro-title; F, the name of the day.
The Essence of Yin Zhou's Golden Texts is a book edited and published by Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Publishing House in 2008.
Bing 囗 Jue, recorded in the "New Collection of Yin Zhou Bronze Inscriptions and Instrument Shadow Compilation" 943, inscription: "Bing 囗囗", this is a composite family emblem composed of the C family and a certain family. Inscription No.
I can't read two or three words.
He Bingjue, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 7727, inscription: "He Bing", "Integration" "He Bing" is subordinate to one word, and it is incorrect. This is a composite emblem composed of the He and C groups. According to Wang Changfeng's statistics, there are at least 15 golden inscriptions with the "He" family emblem, such as He's father Ding Jue and so on.
He's father Ding Jue, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 8476, inscription: "He Father Ding", He, family name; father, pro-title; Ding, the name of the day.
Ran Bingjue, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 8015, inscription: "Ran Bing", this is a composite family emblem composed of Ran and C. The Ran clan in the Shang and Zhou dynasties was a huge clan that lasted for a long time, and according to Wang Changfeng's statistics, there were at least 312 pieces of gold inscriptions with the "Ran" family emblem, such as Ran's father's beard.
Shang Zhou Jinwen Author: Wang Hui; Published by Cultural Relics Publishing House; Subtitle: Introduction to Chinese Ancient Characters Publication year: 2006.
Ran's father's beard, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 483, with the same inscription on the cover: "Ran's father". Ran, clan name; father, pro-title; 癸, the name of the day.
February** Dynamic Incentive Plan Bingfu Ding, recorded in "Recently Out of Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection Second Edition" 530, inscription: "Bingfu Ding", cover inscription: "Gong Father Xin". This indicates that there is a close relationship between the C and Gong groups.
Ya Bingjue, recorded in the "Yin Zhou Jin Wen Collection", inscription: "Ya Bing", Ya, is the official name; C, the name of the family. A-C, which means that there are members of the C-tribe who serve as officials of Ya.
Regarding the meaning of "Ya", there are different controversies in the academic circles, such as the temple theory, the official theory, and the symbol theory.
The representatives of Zongmiao theory are: Yu Xingwu's "Oracle Bone Script Interpretation of the Forest", Zhu Fenghan's "Compound Names in Shang and Zhou Bronze Inscriptions", Zhang Guangzhi's "Chinese Bronze Age" and so on.
Oracle Bone Script Interpretation of Forest (120th Anniversary Edition)" is a book published by the Commercial Press in 2017, and the author is Yu Xingwu.
The representatives of the official are: Guo Moruo's "Interpretation of the Catalogue of the Great Series of Fortnightly Golden Inscriptions", Chen Mengjia's "Summary of Yinxu Divination", and He Jingcheng's "Research on the Inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou Bronze Clans".
The representatives of the symbolic theory are: Ding Shan, Wang Xiantang, Li Boqian, etc.
The above is the general situation of the C people seen by Jin Wen during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.