Author: Xu Jie.
In the Shang and Zhou Jinwen family emblems, there is a family emblem, whose character image is today's "string" character, and the academic community generally interprets it as "string".
String Zun, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 5504, inscription: "string". "String", the family emblem. String, "Integration" is interpreted as "string", and other scholars interpret it as "car" or "bundle". According to the statistics of Wang Changfeng's "Research on the Family Emblem of Yin Zhou Jinwen", there are at least 25 pieces of Jinwen with "string" family emblems, and most of them are inscribed with a single family emblem "string". As the "string" character of the family emblem, there is generally the following common variant.
String Zun, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 5503, inscription: "string". "String", the family emblem.
According to the Shang and Zhou Jinwen, the ethnic groups that form a composite emblem with the string clan mainly include the "Ran" and "Shan" clans.
Ran String Sister Yao, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 7196, inscription: "Ran String." sister". Ran Chuan, the composite family emblem composed of the Ran clan and the String clan, judging from the inscription with the word "sister", there may be a marriage relationship between the Ran clan and the String clan.
The Ran nationality is a huge nation, according to the statistics of Wang Changfeng's "Research on the Jinwen Clan Emblem of Yin Zhou", there are at least 312 pieces of Jinwen with the "Ran" family emblem. According to this, it can be seen that the Ran people were relatively strong in the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
String Father Ding Dou, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 4658, inscription: "String Father Ding". "Kuanshan", a composite family emblem composed of the Kuanshan and the Shan, indicates that the two clans have a relatively close relationship.
According to the statistics of Wang Changfeng's "Research on the Jinwen Clan Emblem of Yin and Zhou", there are at least 6 pieces of Jinwen in which the Kuan and the Shi clan form a composite family emblem, in addition to the "String Father Ding Dou", there are also the following pieces.
Wang Changfeng's "Research on the Ethnic Emblem of the Yin and Zhou Jin Wen Clans (Upper and Lower)" is a masterpiece of the research on the Jin Wen ethnic emblems of the Yin and Zhou dynasties, which fills many gaps in the systematic collation and research of the historical materials of the unearthed documents and family emblems. On the basis of a comprehensive and systematic summary and statistical classification of the family emblem, this paper summarizes the current research results of the family emblem, puts forward the discriminative principles and sorting methods of the study of the family emblem, puts forward the phenomenon of the same tomb and different genus of the family emblem bronzes, puts forward and demonstrates the theory of the family emblem of alliance marriage, and reveals the connotation and combination principle of the family emblem. This is the latest research achievement in the field of family emblem research in recent years, marking the significant progress made in the study of family emblem.
String Father Ding, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 5068, inscription: "String Father Ding".
String Father Ding, recorded in "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 5069, inscription: "String Father Ding".
巂淂 淂 Ge, "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 10861, inscription: "string 巂".
Shang Dynasty Jinwen Research is a book published by Zhongxi Book Company in 2022, and the author is Xie Mingwen. This book collects all the raw materials of the Shang Dynasty Jinwen that have been published before July 2015, arranges them according to the order of the times, the types of utensils and the relationship between family names, absorbs the latest interpretation results in the current academic circles, conducts in-depth research on the words of the Shang Dynasty Jinwen, re-interprets some difficult characters that have been misinterpreted or originally unknown, and summarizes the rules of philology. On this basis, dredge the meaning of the text and carry out thematic topics on the content related to it**.
The inscription "Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection" 6443 has the inscription: "The string." Ascend Father Ding". Strings, composite family emblems, or "strings"; Deng, private name.
Dengding, recorded in the "New Collection of Yin Zhou Bronze Inscriptions and Instrument Shadow Compilation" 1565, inscription: "String Deng as the father Ding Yi". "Strings, composite family emblems; Deng, the interpretation is controversial, this article is interpreted from Xie Mingwen, which is a private name.
Deng, Li Ling, and Dong Shan's "Ding Ding, the Father of the Bundle of Vessels" (see pages 27-30 of Poly Art Museum, ed., "Poly Collection", Lingnan Fine Arts Publishing House, 2001) interprets it as "vessel" and thinks it is a private name.
Cheng Shaoxuan, "A Trial to Talk about the Character "巂" and Related Issues (see Research on Unearthed Documents and Ancient Characters, Fudan University Press, 2008), believes that the "Deng" here is the same as the "Deng" of "String Deng's Father" ("Integration" 6443), both of which are sacrificial names.
Research on Unearthed Documents and Ancient Characters (Volume 5)" mainly includes the supplementary interpretation of the inscription of the Jin Gonggai, the interpretation of "walking" and related characters, the interpretation of Wenxian Mengshu T4K5, T4K6, T4K11 League words, the word "Dai" in ancient characters and related issues, the three examinations of ancient texts, the phenomenon of character heterogeneity in homogeneous characters, the interpretation of "Shengzhu" in Chu Tongbei and related issues, and the identification of "Di Cheng".
Xie Mingwen (p. 131 of Shang Dynasty Jinwen Studies, Shanghai Century Publishing Group, Zhongxi Book Company, October 2022) believes that "Ding Jing and Dengding, the father of the String of Mountains, should have been written by the same people. According to the text, these two 'Deng' are obviously the private names of the makers, and the inscriptions are to the effect that the Deng of the Kuan clan is the father of Ding Zuoyi."
The word 巂 is the same as "嶲" in ancient times, and it is recorded in the literature as "酅". "Shiben Surname Chapter" records: "酅, the name of the country". "Road History: Country Name Ji I" cloud: "Xu, Emperor Yan and Emperor Jiang surnamed Guo".
Regarding the geographical view of the country, Xiao Zhenhao's "Ancient Kingdom and Surnames of Shandong" research believes that there are two places:
The first is the Spring and Autumn Period, in the east of present-day Linzi County, Shandong Province. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" cloud: "酅, the city of the East China Sea, from the sound of the Yi network". Zhu Junsheng's "Shuo Wen Tong Xun Dingsheng" pointed out: "Xu, in the east of Linzi County, Qingzhou Prefecture, Shandong Province." "Spring and Autumn Zhuang Gong Three Years": "Ji Ji is drunk in Qi. Du pre-note: "Xu, Jiyi, in Anping County, East of Qi State." "Spring and Autumn Zuo Biography Notes" in the same year's note: "Yuyin carrying, the name of Ji Guoyi, should be in the east of Linzi Town, Shandong Province, close to Shouguang County. ”
The second is the Spring and Autumn Qi Land, which is located in the southwest of Dong'e County, Shandong Province. "Spring and Autumn Period: The Twenty-sixth Year of the Duke of Xu": "The Qi people invaded my western contempt, and the prince chased the Qi master to the end." Du pre-note: "There is a place name in the west of Gucheng County, Jibei. "Spring and Autumn Zuo Chuan Note" in the same year's note: "Yuyin carried, Qi land, now there is a drunken gathering in the south of Dong'e County, Shandong Province, and immediately its place, and Zhuang Gong three years of the country's drunkenness to say goodbye." "The History of the Road: The Name of the Country I": "酅, the minutes of the city, and then the Qi attached. Pre-cloud: 'There is land in the west of the old valley city, and it is said that the net is down'. "Continuation of the Expedition": Anping has a pavilion. Anping Qi is wasted, and now it is in Linzi. Note: "The "Record" Yunqi country east Anping, is the ancient city of the country of Jiangchuan, in Yun, now East Adong. ”
Xiao Zhenhao's "Shandong Ancient Kingdom and Surname" also recorded: "Yu's family, Ben Jiang's surname." After the kingdom of Xu, the descendants of the Yan clan were called the Yan clan. "Shiben Surname Chapter": '酅氏, the name of the country. Jin has a strong base. ’”
Shandong Ancient Country and Surname" is a book published by Shandong People's Publishing House in 2006, and the author is Xiao Zhenhao. This book tells the origin of the ancient kingdom and surnames of Shandong from three parts: the ancient kingdom and surnames of Shandong in the Xia and Shang periods, the ancient kingdoms and surnames of Shandong in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the ancient kingdoms and surnames of Shandong in the Warring States Period.
Judging from the composite family emblem composed of the Kuan and the Shan clan, the String clan may have a blood relationship with the Shan clan, and the two may be the relationship between the trunk and the branch, if this speculation is correct, then the "string" clan in the Shang and Zhou dynasties may be the same as the Shan clan distributed in the area of present-day Shandong.
The Kushimi clan may also be the "Kushiyi" recorded in the literature. "Poetry, Daya, Emperor" cloud: "The emperor moved to Mingde, and the road was carried by the strings." "Zheng Xuanjian's note: "String Yi is mixed with Yi, and the name of Xirong is also." "Poetry, Daya, Mian": "Mixed up, beaked." "Mixed with Yi, and Kunyi. Kunyi, also known as Yiyi, belongs to Xirong and is a nomadic people distributed in the northwest during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
According to page 48 of Zhu Zhongxi's Early Qin History, the study pointed out that the Yiyi belonged to the Dongyi group and moved west to Guanzhong ,...... during the Xia Shang periodThey lived in the Jing and Wei valleys, and were often referred to as Kunyi or Dog Rong in the literature of the Zhou Dynasty.
On page 140 of Yong Jichun's "Research on the History of the Early Qin Dynasty", there is a similar view, "Yiyi is a ,...... of the 'Nine Yi' of DongyiParticipated in the struggle of the Shangyi coalition army to enter Guanzhong to eliminate the remnants of Xia, and after the battle, its main body may remain in Guanzhong and settle down. ”
Research on Early Qin History is a book published by China Social Sciences Press in 2017, and the author is Yong Jichun. This book mainly analyzes and reviews the significance, objectives and research status of early Qin history and cultural research. On the basis of discussing the research purpose and significance of this project, and summarizing the academic research foundation and existing problems, the concepts of Qin culture and early Qin culture are newly defined.
To sum up, the surname of the Chuanzhu tribe may be the surname Jiang, and Diwang may have first migrated to present-day Shandong and later migrated to Guanzhong.