Basket fungus (Talaromyces sp.).) is an important class of fungi belonging to the kingdom Fungal Order, Ascomycetes, Scatterocysts, Scatterocysts, Mycepaceae, originally a sexual-type genus of Penicillium. It wasn't until 1955 that Benjamin proposed the genus name Talaromyces with sexuality, and eventually Talaromyces became a new independent taxa. Basket fungus (Talaromyces sp.).Widely distributed in plants, soils and marine organisms, Basket fungus is an important decomposer in nature, many species are closely related to plants, animals and humans, such as the production of highly active lignocellulases, producing a large number of brightly colored yellow or red pigments, and some species can promote the absorption of minerals by plants, enhance disease resistance, stress resistance and promote growth.
Chinese scientists have identified a strain that can effectively keep Fusarium acuminearum bitter gourd specialized type (fusarium.). oxysporum f. sp.Momordica, FOM) and its mechanism of action. Bitter gourd wilt is a soil fungus disease caused by FOM, which seriously threatens the growth of bitter gourd. Researchers isolated a strain of Talaromyces purpureogenus Q2 (TPQ2) from the soil where bitter gourd wilt occurred and found that the strain TPQ2 had strong antagonistic activity against FOM. The greenhouse and field experiments further showed that the control effect of strain TPQ2 on Fusarium wilt was 634% and 602%, indicating that the field control effect of strain TPQ2 on bitter gourd wilt was stable. In addition, TPQ2 treatment could significantly delay the infection of FOM in bitter gourd seedlings. In addition, it was also found that the strain TPQ2 could inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens such as Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium beads and Sclerotinia solizonica.
Fig.1 Morphological and molecular identification of TPQ2 and its antagonistic effect on the specialized type of Fusarium acuminica.
In order to reveal the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of TPQ2 strain on Fusarium oxyspora, the co-culture test of TPQ2 and FOM and transcriptomic analysis showed that the presence of TPQ2 changed the content of MDA and chitin in FOM hyphae, and it was speculated that TPQ2 could inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum by secreting cell wall degrading enzymes, interfering with cell wall biosynthesis or cell membrane permeability of FOM. The results of transcriptome analysis showed that TPQ2 could significantly affect the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, membrane composition and membrane transport of FOM. At the same time, transcriptome analysis showed that the expression level of FOMCFEX gene in TPQ2 and FOM co-culture samples was significantly reduced, and the results of gene knockout experiments showed that TPQ2 could destroy the morphology of FOM hyphae by secreting cell wall degradation enzymes, thereby inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The fomcfex gene plays an important role in cell membrane integrity, and the presence of this gene does affect the pathogenicity of FOM.
At the same time, it was also found that the relative abundance of Streptomyces, Sphingomonas, Sphingobium and Lysobacter in the soil increased during the antagonism of Strain TPQ2 against Fusarium Fusarium, suggesting that some beneficial protomicroorganisms positively related to Strain Q2 may be involved in the growth and development inhibition of FOM. However, it is still necessary to further study the interaction between FOM, TPQ2 and microorganisms positively correlated with TPQ2, and prove that TPQ2 can inhibit the growth and development of FOM by affecting the living soil microbiota.
Fig.2 Effect of TPQ2 on the expression and function of CFEM domain-induced protein (FOMCFEM) in FOM.
As early as 1989, it was reported that Basketella was considered a potential biocontrol agent** microorganism, but it has not been widely used in the industry. The effective development of this strain will help to further enrich the types of beneficial microorganisms in China's microbial preparation market and avoid homogeneity.