The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was a war to resist imperialist aggression and defend the country, and it was a real battle for the founding of the country. Powerful United** fought with us, and the ending shocked the world. The world saw the Chinese people standing up.
For many years, in addition to the compilation of several heroes who died in this war into teaching materials, there was no thick ink writing and no grand publicity. Some people have little knowledge of its greatness, and even disagree with it.
It turned out that during World War II, the Korean Peninsula was occupied by the Japanese army. In 1945, the European theater ended, and the United States and the Soviet Union attacked the Japanese army on the Korean Peninsula from the north and south. As a defeated country, Japan surrendered to the United States and the Soviet Union at 38 degrees north latitude. The two countries seized the opportunity to move in and build up armed forces.
Later, under the Yalta Agreement, the United States and the Soviet Union transferred power to form two states, South Korea and North Korea. South Korea is a capitalist country, with the United States behind it; North Korea is a socialist country, backed by the Soviet Union.
Both North and South Korea want to reunify the Korean Peninsula and are making preparations. At that time, there were 9 million people in North Korea and 20 million people in South Korea.
When the Korean War broke out in 1950, some war secrets were not revealed until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
According to a top-secret cable from the former Soviet Union published by the BBC in 1996, South Korea provoked and North Korea counterattacked.
Compared with Kim Il Sung, Rhee had an arrogant dream: to unify the Korean Peninsula and then deal with China. The United States gave them 1$100 million in ** equipment, developed a number of roads and ports.
North Korea has a small population and a small number of troops, but its combat effectiveness is high.
In December 1948, when the Soviet Union withdrew its troops from North Korea, it left behind a military advisory group of about 3,000 people to be assigned to North Korean combat units at the company level and above as military advisers (after the outbreak of the Korean War, all Soviet military advisory groups were withdrawn). Apparently in preparation for war, the Soviet Union had the bitterness of being blitzkrieg.
North Korea also has three ethnic Korean divisions and one regiment that have been repatriated from our country. These Korean troops fought together with us against Japanese aggression in Northeast China. After the decisive victory of our liberation war, Kim Il Sung asked these units to return twice: in July 1949 to two Korean divisions, and in March 1950 to one division and another regiment.
Many of the senior commanders of the Korean People's Army have also been trained by the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and have rich combat experience.
Even so, in March 1949, Kim Il Sung arrived in Moscow and proposed to conclude a "Korea-Soviet Friendship Treaty" in the nature of a military alliance to further seek support from the Soviet Union.
At that time, Stalin did not agree to the plan of North Korea's southward expansion, nor did he conclude a treaty with it, but only approved the military assistance provided by the Soviet Far East Army to North Korea.
At the end of January 1950, Stalin suddenly agreed to Kim Il Sung's plan for armed reunification. Why?
On January 22, 1950, China and the Soviet Union formally negotiated the signing of a new treaty and agreement. Stalin believed that sooner or later our country's Lushun and Dalian would be recovered, and that there were many excellent ports on the Korean Peninsula, such as Wonsan, Chongjin, Busan, and Incheon. If Kim Il Sung reunifies the Korean Peninsula, it makes sense for the Soviet Union to use two ports.
Considering the strategic needs of the Soviet Union, Stalin agreed to Kim Il Sung's military plan and agreed to North Korea to purchase a value of 1** equipment of 3.8 billion rubles.
In March 1950, Kim Il Sung led a large military delegation to the Soviet Union. The visit lasted for two months and made full preparations for war. This visit has become a question of whether or not to fight a war and how to fight it.
Stalin and Kim Il-sung thought that defeating Syngman Rhee was more than enough, but feared that the United States would enter the war. In the end, it was decided that the United States would not, for four reasons:
1. The Korean People's Army can achieve a decisive victory in three days.
2. There are 200,000 underground communist parties in South Korea.
3. Guerrilla units in various parts of South Korea will cooperate with the KPA.
Fourth, the United States has no time to prepare.
At the end of Kim Il Sung's visit, Stalin repeatedly told him to go to Beijing to hold talks with him.
From May 13 to 16, 1950, Kim Il Sung made a secret visit to China and held two talks with him.
On the evening of 13 May, Kim Il Sung gave a briefing on his visit to the Soviet Union at the first meeting at Zhongnanhai Huairentang, expressing his desire to reunify the Korean Peninsula, which was approved by the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union has acquiesced, and it is not good to refuse outright, and euphemistically told Kim Il Sung that he needed to verify. Then he urgently met with the Soviet ambassador to China, Roshin. The next night, Roshin sent Stalin's telegram back to *** confirming what Kim Il Sung said.
Stalin said that the question of the reunification of the Korean Peninsula should be decided jointly by China and the DPRK, and if China does not agree, then the settlement of the issue should be postponed until a new round of discussions.
** Kim Il Sung was cautioned that foreign military intervention should also be considered, especially by the United States and Japan. If imperialism intervenes, if it crosses the 38th parallel, we will intervene.
The 38th parallel is the bottom line of whether China sends troops or not, and it is well aware of the serious consequences of the US military crossing the 38th parallel to occupy North Korea. There is a deeper reason: if North Korea is defeated, according to Stalin, North Korea will establish exile in Northeast China, and the remnants of the army will withdraw to Northeast China, and the war will likely be drawn into China. If the Soviet Union sends troops to Northeast China again, regardless of victory or defeat, the sovereignty of Northeast China is very likely to be damaged.
At this meeting, Kim Il Sung only told *** about his intention to reunify the Korean Peninsula. If the full plan is informed and opinions are heard, the history of the war may be rewritten.
In the early morning of June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out.
On the same day, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 82, which considered North Korea a breach of peace and called for an immediate cessation of military operations and a withdrawal to the 38th parallel.
On June 26, Kim Il Sung made a radio speech calling on all the Korean people to devote themselves to the struggle to save the country by overthrowing the Syngman Rhee regime and its army.
On June 28, Seoul, the capital of South Korea, was conquered.
It was only then that North Korea sent a low-ranking officer to Beijing to brief the situation on the situation, and the war had been going on for three days.
Without prior notice of a major war, perhaps Kim Il Sung thought that it would be easy to defeat South Korea. This was also true at the beginning of the war, with the North Korean army rapidly advancing southward with a fierce offensive.
On June 30, North Korea launched the Suwon Campaign, the Daejeon Campaign, and the Nakdonggang Campaign. In less than a month and a half, more than 90 per cent of South Korea was occupied.
On 31 July, the South Korean army and the US ** team that had just entered the DPRK were driven to the 35th parallel and curled up in the Pusan area, which is 140 kilometers long, 90 kilometers wide, and about 10,000 square kilometers. They built fortifications on the periphery and stood for help.
Both North Korea and the Soviet Union were optimistic about the war, but they calmly analyzed that the Korean People's Army should take a short rest, adjust its deployment, and make a final effort to liberate the whole of Korea. The more this time, the more important it is to prevent accidents.
He repeatedly reminded Kim Il Sung that the possible landing of US troops at Inchon did not attract enough attention.
On August 31, the North Korean army launched the Battle of Pusan, a decisive battle against South Korea. Unfortunately, it was not possible to break through by September 10. Under the counterattack of the United States and Britain, the Battle of Busan returned in vain.
The U.S. was originally focused on Europe, but the speed of North Korea's attack was unexpected. South Korea is in a precarious position, and if it does not take action again, Japan will be left in only a corner of East Asia, and Japan is an island country, so its role as a springboard is weak.
On June 26, 1950, the second day of the Korean War, Truman ordered the U.S. Far East Air Force stationed in Japan to assist South Korea in the war.
On June 27, the U.S. Seventh Fleet sailed into the Taiwan Strait to patrol.
On July 1, the first U.S. ground troops arrived at Busan Air Base to fully engage in the Korean War.
On July 7, the United States again manipulated the United Nations to pass Resolution 84, approving the formation of a joint ** that requires military and other assistance from UN member states.
The United States is the main force of the United States, including 15 countries including the United Kingdom, Turkey, and Canada, and a total of 17 countries in South Korea. The medical team is composed of five countries: Sweden, India, Denmark, Norway and Italy. In fact, there are 22 countries in total, under the unified command of MacArthur, commander of the US Far East Force in Japan.
At this time, the Soviet Union had a veto in the UN Security Council, but the Soviet representative was absent because since January 1950, the Soviet Union ** Taiwan Kuomintang occupied the Chinese seat and was absent until the outbreak of the Korean War.
On June 25, the day of the Korean War, the Soviet representative to the United Nations suggested returning to the Security Council by the end of June to facilitate the exercise of the veto, but Stalin refused.
He hoped that the Korean Peninsula would hold back the United States, so that it would have no time to take care of Europe, consume its strength, and facilitate the layout of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe. Europe is a bigger piece of fat.
On July 27, the British team of "United**" took the lead in landing in Busan.
On 6 August, MacArthur met in Tokyo and persuaded the other generals to land at Incheon. "Joint **" all-out counterattack.
On 27 August, nine US air force planes invaded the DPRK and invaded the airspace over Ji'an (now Ji'an), Linjiang, and Andong (now Dandong) on the Chinese border, strafing stations, airports, and other buildings, killing and injuring 24 Chinese residents.
On 15 September, MacArthur boarded the flagship of the Mount McKinley to oversee the battle. Under the cover of more than 300 ** and more than 500 aircraft, more than 70,000 joint **, including the 10th Army of the US Army, landed in Incheon.
The North Korean army was flanked by the enemy and began to rout.
On September 22, the "United **", which retreated to the Busan ring defense circle, took advantage of the situation to counterattack.
On this day, US bombers invaded China's airspace and dropped 12 bombs over the city of Andong. The bombing killed 2 residents, destroyed 28 houses, damaged more than 800 houses, and destroyed 3,330 square meters of vegetable fields.
On September 27, the "United**" Inchon Landing Force joined up with the Busan Force near Suwon.
On September 28, the "United **" recaptured Seoul.
North Korea has taken three months to get back the place, and the other side has taken half a month to get it back.
On September 29, "United **" approached the 38th parallel and has touched our bottom line.
On September 30, ** solemnly declared: "The Chinese people love peace, but in order to defend peace, they have never and will never be afraid to resist the war of aggression." The Chinese people will never tolerate foreign aggression, nor can they allow the imperialists to wantonly invade their neighbors and turn a blind eye. ”
** Warning, if the 38th parallel is crossed, "we can't sit idly by, we have to manage". But our warnings, the United States arrogantly ignored. They did not take the new China into account.
On October 1, Kim Il Sung asked China to send troops to aid North Korea.
On the afternoon of October 2, he presided over a meeting of the Communist Party of China to discuss the situation on the Korean Peninsula and the issue of sending troops, and there were great differences of opinion. Most people are concerned that the United States is the number one imperialist, and the Soviet Union has avoided confronting it head-on, and that our national strength is far from it.
On October 4, ** was ordered to arrive in Beijing to discuss sending troops to North Korea, with a clear and resolute attitude.
On October 5, he said at an enlarged meeting of the Politburo: "It is absolutely necessary to send troops to aid the DPRK. If the US military is heavily armed on the banks of the Yalu River and Taiwan, it will be able to find an excuse at any time if it wants to launch a war of aggression against us. ”
Northeast China is a heavy industry base, and China and North Korea are separated by water. The flames of war have burned to the border, and the United States has put three knives on our heads, bodies, and feet on the Korean Peninsula, the Taiwan Strait, and the South China Sea.
** Think, "We should go to war, we must go to war; The benefits of participating in the war are enormous, and the damage of not participating in the war is extremely great. "Fight with one punch, lest a hundred blows come." ”
In response to the military posture of the United States being strong and weak, ** emphasized, "You fight yours, I fight mine, you fight atomic bombs, I fight grenades, seize your weaknesses, follow you to fight, and finally defeat you."
With our "more gas and less steel", we will defeat the "less gas and more steel" of the United States.
On October 7, the "United **" crossed the 38th parallel and committed a large-scale attack to the north. U.S. planes bombed China's Andong region (now Dandong, Liaoning).
On October 8, the CCP ** decided to "resist US aggression and aid Korea, defend the homeland and defend the country" and formed the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, with ** as commander and political commissar.
On October 19, a large force of the Chinese People's Volunteers began to cross the Yalu River and secretly entered the Korean War.
Main references: documentary "Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea", "A Hundred Years of Party History in the Literature".