The Concept of Royal Clan Marriage The Ethics and Reality of Ancient Royal Clan Marriage
From today's perspective, most royal marriages in ancient times were actually **. So, why did this phenomenon occur in ancient times when etiquette, righteousness and shame prevailed? I think the root cause lies in the relationship between ancient and modern people"** "understanding of differences.
One of the reasons is that ancient people and modern people are right"** "understanding of differences.
The modern definition of * is:"Between close relatives who are not husband and wife or between fiancés who are not of the same generation**. Today, ** mainly refers to sexual relations between close relatives", but the ancient people were influenced by relatively backward science and different ethical concepts, and had different understandings of **.
In ancient China, due to the long-term influence of Confucianism, the concept of ethics was indeed still very strong, but due to differences in understanding, this concept of ethics was not necessarily scientific. The most distinctive thing is"The same surname is not married"principles. According to the ancients, people with the same surname are not allowed to marry regardless of whether they are related by blood or not, that is, it is forbidden to have the same surname but no blood relationship, that is, it is forbidden to marry with blood relationship without the same surname, which is ** in the eyes of the ancients. There is also a more typical master-apprentice relationship, which is more common in modern times, but was also seen as ** in ancient times.
That is, since the modern and the ancient people are right"** "Some marriage relationships are not considered by ancient people, but modern people think that they are. One of the most typical is:"It is forbidden to have the same surname, and it is forbidden to be related by blood"Influenced by traditional patriarchal thinking, Aboriginal people believe that the continuation of blood comes from the patrilineal rather than the maternal line, so it is strictly forbidden in Aboriginal marriage"Same surname"Marriage. Therefore, it was strictly forbidden to marry with the same surname in ancient marriages. Again,"Related, but not surnamed"Ancient marriages were also considered immoral.
No surname, no blood"The principle can easily lead to marriages between cousins. However, influenced by patriarchal thinking, indigenous people not only tolerate but even encourage this type of marriage, believing it to be"Kiss on kiss", and in the more important"Blood relationship"In modern times, this cousin marriage is clearly **. The ancients not only tolerated but even encouraged this kind of marriage, believing that it was"Kiss on kiss", but in more valued"Blood relatives"In modern times, this cousin marriage is clearly **.
In addition, royal marriages are often politically motivated, which is one of the reasons why this kind of relationship is so common. For example, Empress Lü made the daughter of Liu Ying, the sister of Emperor Hui of Han (Princess Lu Yuan), the daughter of Emperor Hui's uncle and nephew Liu Ying (Princess Lu Yuan), empress. For another example, Empress Dowager Bo married her niece to Liu Heng, the son of Emperor Wen of Han, for the sake of Bo's family, and the two were cousins. For another example, Emperor Wu Jingdi Sun Xiu's queen Zhu is the daughter of Sun Xiu's half-sister. In addition, the phenomenon of consanguineous marriage in the Qing Dynasty, etc.
Although in modern times, this relationship is identified as **, but according to antiquity"No surname, no blood relationship"The principle that this kind of marriage is permissible.
Argument 2: The influence of ethical and moral concepts on science.
Before the advent of sex in the Song Dynasty, that is, in the ethical and moral concepts before the Song Dynasty, except for the children and cousins of biological parents who could not get married, other consanguineous sexual relations were regarded as immoral or not, especially the sexual relations between members of the royal family, but the ethics and morality at that time were judged separately, which is what is said today"Customs"。A typical example is hereditary marriage, where a son marries a concubine, a brother marries a widow, etc.
In ancient times, it was called for a son to marry his father's concubine"Mating", the father marries the widowed daughter-in-law as his wife"Expose your wife"。These two relationships, both after the Song Dynasty and in modern times, are contrary to traditional ethical and moral concepts, and undoubtedly belong to them at the moral level"** "category, but before the advent of Song ** sexualism,"Mating"with"Exposure"All are legal forms of kinship. However, before the advent of Song ** sexualism,"Mating"with"Exposure"It is a legal form of consanguineous marriage.
Such marriages were very common before the Song Dynasty, such as when Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Yang Guang raped his concubines Chen and Cai after his father's death. Tang Taizong Li Shimin married his younger brother Li Yuanji's wife Yang after the Xuanwumen Incident, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi married Tang Taizong Li Shimin's wife Wu Zetian, and Tang Gaozong Li Longji married the niece of his son Yang Yuhuan. Later, Liang's great-grandfather, Zhu Wen, often invited brides to the palace to accompany the marriage.
Although in later generations the relationship was seen as degrading and discrediting, it was allowed at the time and therefore did not receive much criticism.
And in the pre-Qin period, this relationship was even more chaotic, Wei Xuangong was still the prince, his father Wei Zhuang was Yijiang's adulterous concubine, and when Jin Wengong was Wei Guogong, the two were in a hurry and married their son's wife Xuanjiang. Another example is Qi Huangong, Lu Jia's "New Language" is the fourth in Wuwei"Qi Huan is a good woman, his wife and sister, and the Chinese people are more obscene with flesh and blood"contained. Wife, aunt, sister, that is, a female relative as a wife.
To sum up, the phenomenon of ** in royal marriages is mainly due to ancient and modern people"** "and the difference in understanding of blood relations. Of course, there are also real cases, such as the first emperor Liu Ziye and his sister Shanyin princess Liu Chuyu**, which is the result of the emperor's ruthlessness and favoritism.