Shenyang Forbidden City - Zhang Zuolin of the Great Political Palace, the word Yuting, Fengtian Haicheng people. Feng was a warlord leader, and was absorbed by the government after joining the green forest in his early years. After the Wuchang Uprising, he remained loyal to the Qing court and served as the deputy military minister of the "Fengtian National Security Association" to fight against the revolutionary forces.
When Yuan Shikai was proclaimed emperor, he was named a viscount and a general of Shengwu, responsible for military affairs and patrol envoys in Fengtian; After Yuan Shikai's death, he was appointed by Beijing ** as the overseer and governor of Fengtian, the patrol envoy of the three eastern provinces, mastered the three provinces of Liaoji, Hei, and became the leader of the Feng department.
Then he waved his army into the customs, fought for the Central Plains, and finally became the generalissimo of the Beiyang Army, exercising the right to rule, and becoming the last head of the Beiyang Army. However, because he refused to meet the unreasonable demands of Japanese imperialism, he was tragically killed at the age of 53 in the "Huanggutun Bombing Car Case" created by the Japanese Kwantung Army.
Zhang Zuolin's birth and family background are full of twists and turns and hardships. His ancestors came from the Kanto region, and then engaged in agricultural cultivation in the northeast, becoming a large landowner on the rich side.
However, after Zhang Fa's death, the family property was divided among the brothers, and Zhang Youcai came to Haicheng with his share of property. Zhang Zuolin's father, Zhang Youcai, was an idle man, gambling and smoking opium all day long, and was finally killed by the enemy's creditor because of debts, when Zhang Zuolin was only 13 years old.
After his father's death, he, his mother, two older brothers, and one younger sister, a total of four children, went to his mother's house in Erdaogou near Xiaoshan in Zhen'an County. With the help of a kind tutor, Zhang Zuolin studied a private school for free and laid a foundation for elementary culture.
However, under the influence of his father, Zhang Zuolin was also fond of gambling when he was a child, and lost all the money he earned from selling baked cakes.
When Zhang Zuolin was 14 years old, the pressure of life forced him to change his career to veterinary medicine, and although he was not interested in the profession at first, he bravely accepted the challenge and put in the effort.
With his ingenuity and hard work, he succeeded in opening a veterinary shop in the town, and was appreciated by the wealthy local merchant Yu Sien.
Although Zhang Zuolin is only 18 years old, he is not only handsome, but also sociable and hardworking, so his veterinary shop business is thriving.
However, Yu Sien's little wife frequented his shop and developed some feelings for him. Despite this, Zhang Zuolin still focused on his career and finally found a stable way to make a living.
Zhang Zuolin in his youth, when he returned home at night, he lay down and touched a soft and slippery thing with his feet. He jumped up in fright, lit the kerosene lamp, and saw the little aunt lying on the kang, brushing her hair with her hands.
Zhang Zuolin stammered and asked, "You, why are you in my room?" The little aunt looked at him affectionately and said, "How cold is the ground, hurry up and I'll give you warmth and warmth."
However, all this was seen by Yu Sien and his strong men who were hiding outside the door. Yu Sien had a cold face, grabbed Zhang Zuolin, ordered his subordinates to beat him with wicker, and finally dragged him naked to the wild forest outside the village and tied him to a tree.
In the autumn water, Zhang Zuolin struggled helplessly, and his justification and crying could not change his fate. This is a rare punishment in western Liaoxi, specifically for those who go beyond the wall to peep.
The wild forests are remote, far from the help of humans, and can only be sanctioned by the laws of nature. He was tied to a tree naked, and allowed gadflies, mosquitoes, and insects to wreak havoc on him.
Soon, they will form a feast that will cover his whole body. In less than a night, his blood would be sucked dry by them.
At this moment, Zhang Zuolin was suffering from unbearable pain, pain and itching, and his wails echoed in the silent woods, but there was no response.
Time passed minute by minute, Zhang Zuolin's voice became weaker and weaker, and his consciousness began to blur. At this moment, a small sound was heard in the distance, and a dark figure was slowly moving.
Zhang Zuolin woke up instantly and made a faint voice: "Help me!" Fortunately, a fugitive man walked into the wild forest by mistake, and when he saw Zhang Zuolin, he immediately rescued him.
Zhang Zuolin was able to save his life.
Zhang Zuolin's life fell into a trough, but he was unwilling to be ordinary and tried to find a way out. When the First Sino-Japanese War broke out, he decided to join the army, and became an elite cavalryman under Ma Yuyu of the Qing Army's Song Qing Division, and was promoted to sentry commander for his outstanding military achievements.
After the defeat, he returned to Liaoxi. In 1895, he married Zhao Chungui, the second daughter of Zhao Zhanyuan, a landlord of Zhaojiamiao, and Zhao Chungui became his original wife and the mother of his children.
However, he was eager to make a difference, so in the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), he joined the Lulin Dong Tiger Bandit Department in Guangning County (Beizhen).
In the western Liaoning region after the First Sino-Japanese War, chaos and disorder pervaded every corner. Stragglers, beggars, refugees, corrupt officials and rampant bandits put people's lives and property at risk.
In this environment, various localities began to organize armed forces spontaneously to protect themselves, and these armed forces were called large regiments. In 1900, at the request of his father-in-law Zhao Zhanyuan, Zhang Zuolin set up a large group in Zhaojiamiao, with only more than 20 people, and he served as a small leader, responsible for the security of several nearby villages.
However, on the thirtieth day of the lunar month in 1901, Jin Shoushan, the head of the large regiment of Zhong'anbao, led the army to attack Zhaojiamiao at midnight, and Zhang Zuolin led his wife, daughter and his subordinates to successfully break through and escape to Octagonal Terrace.
Under the appreciation of Zhang Ziyun, president of the local chamber of commerce, Zhang Zuolin stayed in the octagonal platform, and Zhang Jinghui, the leader of the big group of the octagonal platform, also took the initiative to let Xian and live in the deputy position, and Zhang Zuolin became the head of the regiment.
Since then, the octagonal platform has become Zhang Zuolin's birthplace.
In 1902, the social order began to stabilize, and Zhang Ziyun saw that the large regiment led by Zhang Zuolin was well-trained and disciplined, and planned to hand over this armed force to **.
Zhang Zuolin knows that running a militia is not a long-term solution, and he hopes to change his evil ways and get accepted by the best. Under the recommendation of President Zhang, Zhang Zuolin met with the prefect of Xinmin Prefecture Zengyun and was highly praised by him.
Zhang Zuolin is a northerner and a southerner, with clear eyebrows and beautiful eyes, polite manners, and good conversation, which left a deep impression on Zeng Yun.
Zeng Yun ordered Zhang Zuolin to sort out his subordinates and wait for the first point to be organized, and with the approval of Shengjing General Zengqi, Zhang Zuolin changed from a militia leader to a ** army officer, which was a major turning point in his life.
Since then, relying on this armed force, he has risen to prominence. In February 1904, when the Russo-Japanese War broke out in Northeast China, Zhang Zuolin saw the wind and steered the rudder, and both accepted the Russian army's ** and money, and signed an alliance with the Japanese army.
After the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, the unit of Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the militia group, was not only not damaged, but expanded to three battalions.
In 1906, the new Shengjing general Zhao Erxun and the new Xinmin prefect Shen Jinjian decided to expand Zhang Zuolin's troops to 5 battalions, and Zhang Zuolin also became the commander (regiment commander) of the five battalions, and his mission was to exterminate the Hu bandits.
With his unremitting efforts, the small group of bandits in western Liaoning were either pacified or eliminated, winning the praise of the people. However, there is also a cunning and cruel bandit Du Lisan stationed in Qingmakan in Liaozhong County.
Although Zhao Erxun, the general of Shengjing, once ordered a "strict visit", he sent troops to encircle and suppress it in vain. In 1907, the Qing Dynasty established a province in the northeast and appointed Xu Shichang as the governor of the three eastern provinces.
In order to eliminate this big trouble, Xu Shichang specially sent the strategist Yin Hongshou to Xinmin Mansion to assist Zhang Zuolin in eliminating Du Lisan. Zhang Zuolin knew that Du Lisan recognized the talented Du Panlin as his uncle and respected him very much.
And Du Panlin is Zhang Zuolin's father-in-law, and the two have a close relationship.
Governor Xu Shichang conspired to woo Du Lisan in the northeast, and he used Du Panlin's influence and handwritten letters to lure Du Lisan to Xinmin Mansion. Zhang Zuolin personally accompanied Du Panlin to prove the authenticity and officialness of the appeasement plan.
After Du Lisan received the handwritten letter from his uncle, his doubts were dispelled, and he led 13 guards to Xinmin Mansion to accept the title. However, he didn't know that this was Xu Shichang's trap, and as a result, he became Zhang Zuolin's prisoner.
Xu Shichang was overjoyed and reported the news to the Qing court, asking for a reward for Zhang Zuolin. The Qing court gave Zhang Zuolin the position of commander of the front road of the Fengtian patrol battalion, and he would be on an equal footing with the commanders of the four routes, including the middle road, the left road, the right road, and the back road, and became one of the five important figures in the northeast region.
Xu Shichang used both wisdom and courage to successfully exterminate the Mongolian rebels and ensure the stability of the frontier. In 1908, he transferred Zhang Zuolin to the area of Tongliao and Taonan, and in the face of the Mongolian bandits who were familiar with the terrain and good at riding and shooting, Zhang Zuolin adopted the strategy of attacking and outwitting the bandits, penetrated into the Mongolian bandits, and gradually opened up the situation.
The following year, Xu Shichang sent additional troops to expand Zhang Zuolin's command area, increasing his troops to 3,500 people, becoming a decisive force in the northeast.
After more than a year of hard fighting, Zhang Zuolin successfully killed Baiyin Dajiao, captured Yaqian alive, defeated Taoke Taohu, and drove him to Mongolia, bringing peace to the country and the people.
Zhang Zuolin's resolute action contributed greatly to the problem of lifting the Northeast Frontier from suffering for many years. And his action also played a key role in the Wuchang Uprising in 1911.
When Zhao Erxun planned to transfer troops to suppress the revolutionaries, Zhang Zuolin immediately led his seven battalions, day and night, and went straight to Mukden, successfully stopping Zhao Erxun's actions and creating favorable conditions for the uprising of the revolutionary party.
Zhang Zuolin met with Zhao Erxun, the governor of the three eastern provinces, and he said that because of the tense situation, he was worried about the governor's safety, and he couldn't wait to lead his troops to Qin Wang, and even if he acted without orders, he was willing to accept punishment.
Zhao Erxun urgently needed to use troops and thought that Zhang Zuolin's arrival was very timely. Zhang Zuolin also said that as long as he is alive, he will use his life to protect Zhao Erxun until death.
Zhang Zuolin's loyalty and steadfastness won the approval of Zhao Erxun, and in addition to reissuing the defense order, he also ordered Zhang Zuolin to concurrently serve as the commander of the middle road patrol battalion to strengthen his military strength.
Zhang Zuolin now commands 15 battalions of soldiers and horses, becoming the leader of the largest military force in Feng Province. With Zhang Zuolin's protection, Zhao Erxun felt very relieved.
Zhao Erxun wrote a handbook, plotting to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, planning that Wu Jinglian, as the chairman of the Fengtian Provincial Consultative Bureau, would convene a meeting of celebrities from all walks of life, force out the governor of the three eastern provinces, Zhao Erxun, and then elect Lan Tianwei as the governor of Guanwai, and Wu Jinglian as the civil governor of Fengtian Province, so as to realize the revolution of the three eastern provinces.
When the plan was implemented, Zhao Erxun had already prepared and brought Zhang Zuolin to the meeting with a gun, and the tense atmosphere was permeated in the venue, but the revolutionaries' generous statements firmly advocated breaking away from the Qing Dynasty and declaring independence.
However, Zhao Erxun was adamantly opposed, and the tension did not escalate into a violent conflict.
Zhang Zuolin, as a soldier, only knew how to protect the commander, he had no opinion on this matter, and his party members immediately drew their pistols, and the situation was extremely dangerous.
Although Wu Jinglian and the revolutionary-leaning congressmen left the venue angrily, the meeting decided to establish the Fengtian National Security Association, with Zhao Erxun as the president, Wu Xiangzhen and Wu Jinglian as vice presidents, Yuan Jinkai as the general chairman of the Senate, and Jiang Fangzhen and Zhang Rong as the vice chairmen of the Senate.
The plan for the Mukden uprising was aborted.
In 1912, the north and the south negotiated peace, the Qing emperor abdicated, and Yuan Shikai became the first major of China. Zhang Zuolin was appointed lieutenant general and commander of the 27th Division.
In 1915, Zhang Zuolin was summoned by Yuan Shikai to join the Beijing Division, and he expressed his support to Yuan for the "Suzheng Great Position".
After Yuan Shikai was proclaimed emperor, Zhang Zuolin was named a viscount and a general of Shengwu for his meritorious service in persuasion, and supervised the military affairs of Fengtian and the patrol envoy. After the failure of the imperial system, Li Yuanhong succeeded him as the **great**, and Feng Guozhang was the deputy**.
The real power of Beiyang ** is controlled in the hands of Beiyang warlords led by Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang.
Zhang Zuolin was appointed by Beiyang** as the governor of Fengtian, and in September 1918, he was appointed as the patrol envoy of the three eastern provinces, controlled the three provinces of Feng, Ji and Hei, and became the head of the Feng department.
At that time, Japan was trying its best to promote the "Manchu Movement" in an attempt to turn the northeast and eastern Inner Mongolia into an independent country and establish the Manchu and Mongolian kingdoms, which were under Japanese trusteeship.
The Japanese believe that Zhang Zuolin is the biggest obstacle to the realization of the "Manchu Li Movement" and must be eliminated.
On May 27, 1916, Prince Zaihito of the Imperial Palace, the younger brother of the Japanese Emperor, returned to Japan from the Russian capital and passed through Mukden.
After seeing off the VIPs, Zhang Zuolin was bombed near Xiaoxiguan on his way home. His guards soldiers were killed.
Five or six people, but Zhang Zuolin himself wittily jumped out of the carriage, jumped on horseback, and made a detour from the alley through the Daxi Gate to the general's office.
While passing through the Mukden Negotiation Office, he was hit by another bomb. Zhang Zuolin, as a rider born in "playing with horses", is skilled in riding, the horse is galloping, the bomb is behind him, and the air wave blows up his hat.
The two assassinations did not hurt Zhang Zuolin a single hair, his life was really big. Soon after, the guards reported: "The captain of the Japanese railway garrison and the Japanese consul general in Feng have visited".
Zhang Zuolin was changing his clothes, he was stunned, and blurted out: "Come so fast, let them in!" This thrilling event witnessed the legendary experience of Zhang Zuolin, a master horseman.
A hundred years old ** - Fengtian Railway Station, the Japanese walked into the living room with a smile on his face, Zhang Zuolin replied casually: "A trivial matter, not enough to worry about, thank you for coming to visit, I'm really embarrassed." ”
After speaking, he smiled, but immediately put away his smile and said word by word: "Hmph, someone wants to beat me Zhang Zuolin's idea, but it is by no means easy." "In August 1917, after Duan Qirui smashed Zhang Xun's restoration, Li Yuanhong resigned, Deputy Feng Guozhang took office, and Duan Qirui served as Prime Minister and Chief of the Army.
The Beiyang system is the direct line of Feng Guozhang and the Anhui line of Duan Qirui. The two factions fought for power and territory, and the contradictions gradually intensified. In August 1918, Duan Qirui manipulated"Anfu Congress"Xu Shichang was elected as the first to replace the direct Feng Guozhang, and the contradiction between the two lines was made public.
In December 1919, Feng Guozhang died of illness, and Cao Kun became the leader of the direct warlords. In January 1920, the direct family secretly united with the "protectors" in the south to form the "National Salvation Alliance", planning to overthrow the Anhui system, expel Xu Shichang, and form a unified ** between the north and the south.
Duan Qirui was furious when he learned the news and decided to launch a "crusade" against his direct family. Zhang Zuolin, a "neutral" warlord of the Feng faction who appeared to be "neutral," actually attended an emergency meeting on the war against Anhui presided over by Cao Kun and Wu Peifu.
He decided to send troops into the customs and cooperate with his direct family to join the Zhiwan War. On the evening of July 14, the Zhiwan War officially broke out. On the 17th, Wu Peifu led his troops to raid Songlindian, where the headquarters of the Anhui Army was located, and some senior generals of the Anhui Department were forced to surrender.
Then, the direct army occupied Zhuozhou and pursued Changxindian. The Feng army also pressed the border on a large scale, and the Anhui army was defeated on the east and west roads. On July 19, Duan Qirui issued a telegram asking for his removal from office.
At this point, the Zhiwan War came to an end, and the two factions jointly controlled Beiyang**. They jointly elected the direct Jin Yunpeng to form a cabinet. Soon after, Zhang Zuolin forced Jin Yunpeng to resign and supported the pro-Japanese Liang Shiyi as premier, which led to a sharp deterioration in the relationship between the two factions.
Zhang Zuolin was determined to use force against his direct family and changed his military name"Zhenwei Army", divided the troops into two ways to enter the customs, one way to Dezhou, the other road into the Changxindian of the Jinghan Railway.
On April 29, Zhang Zuolin issued a general offensive order, and the two armies fought fiercely in Changxindian, Gu'an, Machang and other places. Wu Peifu adopted the tactic of luring the enemy into depth, commanding the direct army to fight and retreat, and launched a fierce attack after the Feng army entered the ambush circle, resulting in the rout of the Feng army on all fronts.
On June 18, the two sides signed an armistice treaty on the British "Kerliu"** off the coast of Qinhuangdao, and the direct line took full control of Beiyang**.
In the face of the threat of his immediate lineage, Zhang Zuolin actively expanded his armaments and established himself with Duan Qirui and Sun Yat-sen"Anti-straight"of the triangular alliance against the direct line.
At the beginning of the Zhifeng War, the direct warlord Qi Xieyuan and the Anhui warlord Lu Yongxiang broke out in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions.
In the name of aiding Lu Yongxiang, General Zhang Zuolin organized an army called the "Zhenwei Army", appointed himself commander-in-chief, and led the army to attack from the direction of Shanhaiguan, Chifeng, and Chengde on September 15.
On September 17, Cao Kun** issued a crusade order, appointing Wu Peifu as the commander-in-chief of the rebel army, relying on the Great Wall for defense. However, the circumstances of the war changed on 23 October.
When the two armies of Zhi and Feng fought fiercely in Shimenzhai and Shanhaiguan, Feng Yuxiang, the commander of the 3rd Army, suddenly defected, led the army back to Beijing, and launched a coup d'état in Beijing.
They imprisoned the bribe Cao Kun, overthrew the direct Beiyang, and expelled the Qing Emperor Puyi from the palace.
Feng Yuxiang's army and Zhang Zuolin's Feng army flanked the front and back, making it difficult for the direct army to take care of the head and tail, the morale of the army fluctuated, and the battlefield situation took a sharp turn for the worse. Seeing that the general trend had gone, Wu Peifu led the remnants to flee south on the transport ship "Huajia".
The Second Zhibong War ended with the crushing defeat of Wu Peifu.
It turned out that Zhang Zuolin and others held a meeting in Caojia Garden, Tianjin, and decided to establish the Chinese **Executive**, and pushed Duan Qirui to be"China ** came to power temporarily"** The regime fell into the hands of the Feng warlords and Feng Yuxiang's Nationalist Army.
The Feng army controlled the entire line of the Jingfeng Railway and the Jinpu Railway, seriously threatening Feng Yuxiang and the direct forces in the Yangtze River valley and other local warlords. The contradiction between Zhang Zuolin and Feng Yuxiang has become increasingly intensified.
After that, Sun Chuanfang's direct line was in Zhejiang, and after the Feng army entered Shanghai, the next one would definitely clean him up. For this reason, Sun Chuanfang frantically expanded his strength and engaged in a united front, he and Feng Yuxiang formed a brotherhood and alliance, and engaged in tandem in the five southeastern provinces, instigating the five provinces to unanimously confront Feng.
Finally, on October 15, 1925, Sun Chuanfang led the five southeastern provinces to promote Wu Peifu as the leader of the alliance, and started a war against Feng, and the Zhejiang-Feng War broke out.
With the cooperation of Sun Chuanfang, Feng Yuxiang, and local warlords, the coalition forces successfully defeated the Feng army and recaptured Shanghai, Suzhou, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Nanjing, Bengbu, and Xuzhou, resulting in the Feng forces being squeezed out of Shandong.
After defeating the Feng army, Sun Chuanfang began to expand, established himself and expanded to the southeast, becoming one of the three major warlords alongside Zhang Zuolin and Wu Peifu.
However, in the Second Zhifeng War, Guo Songling, the general of the Feng army, was dissatisfied because he did not get the position of overseer of Anhui, and decided to join forces with Feng Yuxiang to oppose Feng.
In November 1925, Guo Songling led his troops to rebel and quickly occupied Jinzhou and Xinmin, and Shenyang also fell into a state of emergency. At this time, Zhang Zuolin was in a hurry and chose to sacrifice the rights and interests of South Manchuria and East Mongolia in exchange for Japanese interference.
When Guo's army made progress in the offensive, the Japanese Kwantung Army suddenly transferred a large number of troops, cut off the rear of Guo's army, and burned Guo's ammunition depots. At the same time, Japanese planes bombed Guo Jun indiscriminately.
In the end, due to the big gap in strength, Guo Jun was defeated, and Guo Songling and his wife ** were shot and killed.
In early 1926, Feng Yuxiang's Nationalist Army tried to make a comeback after the Zhejiang-Feng War in retaliation for Guo Songling's betrayal. However, Zhang Zuolin's instigation made him and Guo Songling form a deeper hatred.
At this time, Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin had already abandoned their previous suspicions, and together led the army north along the Jinghan Line and assembled in Baoding. After "March 18", Duan Qirui's leadership was strongly condemned by the Chinese people.
So, on April 9, Lu Zhonglin led the national army to surround Duan Qirui and was forced to flee to the French embassy in Dongjiaomin Lane, and the executive finally fell. On 17 April, the Feng army occupied Beijing, and the Nationalist army was forced to withdraw to a preset position in Nankou Town, Changping County, a northwestern suburb of Beijing.
On June 28, Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin met in Beijing and agreed on a plan for the crusade against the Red Army.
After driving the Nationalist Army out of Zhili, Wu Peifu led his army south to Guangdong, while Zhang Zuolin continued to attack the Nationalist Army in the north, intending to attack the north and south and jointly divide the world.
Together with Yan Xishan, Zhang Zongchang and others, they formed the "Red Coalition Army", with Wu Peifu as the commander-in-chief, and launched a fierce attack on the Nationalist Army. The Nationalist Army was forced to withdraw to Suiyuan and Baotou.
Sun Chuanfang talks with Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Zongchang in Tianjin In the summer of 1926, the National Revolutionary Army swore to the Northern Expedition in Guangdong.
At the beginning of September, the Northern Expeditionary Army advanced into Jiangxi, and Sun Chuanfang personally went to Jiujiang to supervise the battle, but it was difficult to escape the doom of defeat and had no choice but to retreat to Nanjing, and only Jiangsu Province could be controlled. He felt that the National Revolutionary Army was immense, and it was pressing forward step by step.
If we want to recover the declining situation, we must seek a great alliance of all departments in the Beiyang. In November 1926, Sun Chuanfang secretly went to Tianjin and personally expressed to Zhang Zuolin that he would repair his suspicions and fight the enemy together.
The two met in Caijia Garden, Tianjin. Sun Chuanfang saluted first and said, "I'm sorry for the handsome", Zhang Zuolin then said, "Don't mention the past", and the two turned enemies into friends.
After joint discussion, it was decided to establish an **, with Zhang Zuolin as the commander-in-chief and Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang as the deputy commanders, to jointly attack the Northern Expeditionary Army and the Nationalist Army in the northwest.
After Zhang Zuolin became the commander-in-chief of the Beiyang Warlord Alliance, he decided to establish his own ** in Beijing and served as the generalissimo of the army and navy. However, this undoubtedly became the biggest obstacle to the realization of his dream in Beijing, where the leading organs of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are located.
Li Dazhao, the top leader of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the north and one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, has been closely monitored by the special police of the Beijing Division. On April 6, 1927, Chen Xingya, director of the Jingshi Police Department, led more than 300 policemen and gendarmes to break into the Soviet embassy and arrest more than 60 Communist Party members and leftist members of the Kuomintang, including Li Dazhao.
While in prison, Li Dazhao and his comrades-in-arms fearlessly resisted valiantly and waged a final struggle against the reactionary warlords. However, despite the strong opposition of the society, the warlords of the Feng family conducted a "military court trial" at 11 a.m. on April 28 in the living room of Chen Xingya, the "director of the Jingshi Police Department."
After only 70 minutes of "legal" procedures, at 12:10, Li Dazhao and 20 other revolutionaries were sentenced to death. At 12:30, they were taken to the "Jingshi Police Department" detention center in Xijiaomin Lane for execution.
The bloody ** lasted from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. In the face of the gallows, Li Dazhao and other revolutionary aspirants showed the spirit of righteousness and awe-inspiring and seeing death as home. Li Dazhao shouted "Long live the Communist Party of China" three times on the gallows, and after being tortured three times for 40 minutes, "his expression remained unchanged and he died calmly."
Zhang Rulan, the only female Kuomintang leftist woman leader among the 20 martyrs, stood under the gallows in the twilight and shouted: "Let's be executed!" "The last one is solemnly righteous.
Among the 20 martyrs, the eldest Li Dazhao, who was 38 years old after half a year, sacrificed his young lives for China's revolutionary cause. On June 18, 1927, Zhang Zuolin was inaugurated as the generalissimo of the Beiyang Army and Navy in Beijing, exercising the right to rule on behalf of China, becoming the last head of state of Beiyang, and forming the 32nd and last cabinet during the reign of the Beiyang warlords.
During his reign, he repeatedly boycotted the Japanese ** and refused to sign unequal treaties.
In April 1928, An ** collapsed on all fronts under the attack of the Northern Expeditionary Army. At 1:10 a.m. on June 3, after Zhang Zuolin announced that he would withdraw from Beijing, he arrived at Beijing Qianmen East Station to return to Fengtian, and Zhang Xueliang and Yang Yuting went to the platform to see him off.
However, at about 5 o'clock in the morning of the same day, the special train was blown up by a bomb planted in advance by the Japanese Kwantung Army in the bridge near Huanggutun, and the carriage in which Zhang Zuolin was riding was in the center of the first day, almost all of which were shattered, the body collapsed three or four feet away, and only a few wheels were left on the tracks.
Zhang Zuolin was seriously injured and died on the same day at the age of 53. This incident, which shocked China and the rest of the world, is known as the "Huanggutun car bombing case."
In December of the same year, Zhang Zuolin's son Zhang Xueliang issued a telegram, announcing that the three eastern provinces and Rehe Province were subordinate to the Nanjing people**, which contributed to the formal unification of the country, which is known as the "Northeast Change of Banner" in history.
Northeast Banner: The historical handshake between Jiang and Zhang Xueliang.