After nearly half a century of development, the application of space technology has penetrated into the fields of communications, navigation, meteorology, resources, science, military applications, and interstellar exploration, and has had a tremendous and far-reaching impact on the economic development of human society and the progress of social civilization. In the early days, the missions were mainly completed by a single satellite, but with the continuous expansion of satellite applications and the increase in the complexity of tasks, more and more missions can no longer be completed by a single satellite alone. A series have been developed to meet the wide range of needs in the fields of communications, navigation, reconnaissance, surveillance and Earth observationSatellite constellationSuccessfully deployed, one of the more well-known ones is used in the field of communicationsIridium system(iridium) andStarlink system(Starlink), etc., the United States Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and China's Beidou Satellite Navigation System in the field of navigation. In addition, a large number of satellite constellations are being developed and deployed.
Design and implementation of satellite constellationsIt is the top-level, core, and most important work of the constellation systemIt is the primary factor affecting the performance, scale, cost, construction period and so on of the system, and there is a coupling relationship with other system technologies that affect and restrict each other, which runs through the whole process of engineering development and construction. Carrying out the research on constellation optimization design can not only achieve the optimal system performance in the specified coverage area, but also save the system construction cost and the long-term maintenance cost of the constellation, which is of great engineering significance for the reasonable allocation of system performance indicators, the addition of constellation satellites, the in-orbit backup strategy of the constellation, and the improvement and expansion of constellation configuration.
In the progress of engineering technology in the 20th century, satellite navigation technology is one of the most significant technological changes, which is of great significance for strengthening national defense strength and developing the national economy. At present, the United States is actively promoting the modernization of GPS, Russia's GLONASS system is constantly upgrading and improving, and Europe is also actively deploying the Galileo Satellite N**igation System (Galileo system), which is mainly developed and utilized by civil and commercial use. In the face of the complex international and domestic situation, China is actively developing its own satellite navigation system. China has completed the deployment and operation of the Beidou-1 dual-satellite navigation system and the Beidou-2 regional navigation system, and has shown great strategic significance and played a huge role in the fields of national defense, economy, and scientific research, China's Beidou-3 global navigation system was deployed on July 31, 2020, and the system was officially completed and opened, providing satellite navigation services to the world. In addition, countries such as Japan and India are actively developing and deploying their regional navigation systems.
Schematic diagram of the constellation of the Beidou-3 system.
Throughout the development of satellite navigation technology,There are many lessons to be learned from GPSThe GPS constellation scheme has undergone two major changes after the project was launched, and by the time the GPS was officially completed, the number of satellites in orbit had reached 24, distributed in 6 orbital planes. By the end of 2023, GPS has more than 30 satellites in orbit providing normal services, and its constellation scheme is no longer Walker's distribution, but based on optimization.
In order to achieve the mission goals of low investment, fast effect and excellent performance in the construction of China's satellite navigation system, the Beidou satellite navigation system has been innovatively designed on the basis of the mature theory of the original navigation constellation design, and closely combined with China's technical level, engineering ability and economic conditionsThe world's first multi-orbital hybrid navigation constellation, and completed the engineering realization of the Beidou satellite navigation system constellation. Due to the uniqueness of the constellation design of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, the application of the new multi-orbit hybrid constellation to satellite navigation technology will inevitably face a large number of problems that need to be solved urgently in theoretical research, analysis and engineering practice. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out relevant theoretical and applied research for the development of China's Beidou satellite navigation system. The solution of these problems will lay a solid foundation for the construction and application of China's satellite navigation system.
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Design and Implementation of Beidou Navigation Satellite System Constellation (Yang Hui et al., Beijing: Science Press, 2024).1) A bookBased on the author's research and application achievements in this field in the past 20 years。Firstly, the Beidou Satellite Navigation System was systematically introducedDesign constraints for constellations, proposed Beidou satellite navigation system constellationPerformance evaluation system；Then, the achievements of the Beidou-1 dual-satellite navigation system, the Beidou-2 regional navigation system and the Beidou-3 global navigation system in the constellation design and engineering implementation are comprehensively collectedResearch ResultsIt mainly includes Beidou Navigation Satellite System constellation mission analysis, modeling, network maintenance, performance evaluation and backup strategy. Finally, in order to ensure the continuous availability of the orbit and the safety of the aircraft, the end-of-life of the inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites of the BeiDou satellite navigation system are discussed in detailDeorbit disposal principles and strategies。Authors' team.
Design and implementation of Beidou satellite navigation system constellationThe author is the pioneer in China who has taken the lead in closely integrating theory with practice in this field, and is also the main participant in the completion of constellation design, deployment and implementation.
Yang Hui, Researcher and doctoral supervisor of the General Design Department of Beijing Spacecraft. He is an expert in China's satellite navigation and application field, the commander-in-chief and chief engineer of the Beidou-2 satellite system, and the academic and technical leader of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and the Fifth Academy of Sciences. He has been engaged in the research of satellite navigation and its application fields for a long time, and has achieved a series of significant results. In more than 20 years of scientific research work, he has innovatively completed the design and implementation of the Beidou-2 and Beidou-3 hybrid navigation constellations, and vigorously promoted the application of the Beidou navigation constellation system in various fields. He has successively completed 3 research projects on high-precision optical pressure perturbation modeling of the first backup navigation satellite, and more than 10 other transversal projects. He has published more than 40 articles in domestic and foreign journals and conferences and national defense newspapers; Published the monograph "Beidou Navigation Satellite Reliability Engineering", and formulated 1 national standard; It has obtained more than 20 patents authorized by the state and national defense, among which "multi-constraint multi-spacecraft flight distance prediction and collision avoidance method" won the 2016 China Patent Gold Award; He has won 1 special prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, 1 special prize of Satellite Navigation and Positioning Science and Technology, 1 first prize of Military Science and Technology Progress Award, 2 second prizes of National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award, and 3 third prizes of National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award. and won the national award"Women make meritorious contributions", 1 National Innovation Award, 1 Aerospace Innovation Award, 1 Aerospace Contribution Award, 1 individual with outstanding contributions to the construction of the Beidou-2 Satellite Project, 2012 Special Award for Science and Technology Figures, etc., enjoy ** special allowance.
Zhou Jing, a researcher of the Beijing Space Vehicle General Design Department, engaged in scientific research in the field of aerospace dynamics and control, mainly responsible for the completion of the Beidou-2 and Beidou-3 constellation and orbit design, and successively completed 1 pre-research project of the Ministry of Aerospace and 2 other horizontal topics. Published more than 20 articles in domestic and foreign journals and conferences, including 2 EI indexes**; It has obtained more than 20 national and national defense authorized patents, and won the 2016 China Patent Gold Award and the 2022 China Patent Excellence Award; He has won 1 first prize of Satellite Navigation and Positioning Science and Technology Award, 1 first prize of Military Science and Technology Progress Award, and 1 third prize of National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award.
Meng Yinan, assistant researcher of Beijing Institute of Tracking and Communication Technology, engaged in the overall design of satellite navigation, mainly responsible for constellation design, system test evaluation, etc., won 2 first prizes and 1 second prize of ministerial level scientific and technological progress.
Fan LiDirector of the Intelligent Aerospace System Center of Huzhou Research Institute of Zhejiang University, researcher, she has led a number of national major special projects including Beidou and manned spaceflight, and her achievements have won 1 second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award (ranked 2nd), 3 first prizes and 2 third prizes of ministerial level Science and Technology Progress Award, 1 aerospace award, won second-class merit, published more than 40 articles, obtained more than 40 patents, and obtained more than 20 software copyrights.
Features of this book:It is mainly manifested in three aspects:
InnovativeCompleted the design and engineering implementation of the world's first multi-orbit hybrid navigation constellation, improved the existing constellation design theory, and achieved the mission goals of low investment, fast effect and excellent performance in the construction of China's satellite navigation system; For the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (IGSO) and MEO satellites, the principles and strategies for deorbiting at the end of their life are proposed for the first time, which effectively ensures the operational safety of the constellation.
SystematicThis paper systematically introduces the multi-dimensional constraints of navigation constellation design based on China's technical level, engineering capabilities and economic conditions, and comprehensively summarizes the achievements of the author's team in recent years in the top-level design research and engineering implementation of the Beidou-1 dual-satellite navigation system, Beidou-2 regional navigation system and Beidou-3 global navigation system constellation.
PracticalityThe research results have been applied to the engineering practice of Beidou Navigation Satellite System and have been verified in orbit, which has strong theoretical research and engineering application value.
code to buy books. This book is suitable for engineers and technicians engaged in the research and design of satellite navigation technology, and can also be used as a reference book for graduate students of related majors in colleges and universities.
This article is excerpted from "Design and Implementation of Beidou Satellite Navigation Satellite System Constellation" (Yang Hui et al., Beijing: Science Press, 2024).1) "Preface" and "Chapter 1 Introduction" of the book, with deletions and modifications, the title is added by the editor.
Beidou Satellite Navigation System Series).
During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the special planning project for the publication of national key publications.
isbn 978-7-03-076796-7
Editor in charge: Yao Qingshuang.
This book is a monograph in the field of satellite navigation engineering technology. This book systematically introduces the design constraints and performance evaluation system of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System constellation based on China's national conditions, and comprehensively collects the research results of the Beidou-1 dual-satellite navigation system, the Beidou-2 regional navigation system and the Beidou-3 global navigation system in the design and engineering implementation of the constellation, mainly including the Beidou Satellite Navigation System constellation mission analysis, modeling, network maintenance, performance evaluation, and backup strategy. The principles and strategies of deorbit disposal at the end of the life of oblique geosynchronous orbit and medium-earth orbit satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System are discussed in detail.
Editor of this article: Liu Sidan).