Russian forces have deployed about 50 TOS-1A and TOS-2 rocket systems on the territory of Ukraine, which are among the most lethal in the world, according to the Russian Defense ** "Top War". These systems are capable of firing thermobaric rockets, inducing high temperatures** and producing a shock wave far greater than that of ordinary explosives. This allows them to effectively destroy enemy fortified positions and urban targets.
The TOS-1A is a Russian heavy flamethrower system mounted on a tank chassis with multiple rocket launchers. (* TASS).
The TOS-1A is a rocket system based on the T-72 tank platform, capable of firing 220 mm thermobaric rockets. These rockets are very effective against fortifications or fortifications due to their ability to generate high temperatures** and a constant shock wave that destroys bunkers, trenches, and city buildings. In Ukraine, this capability is especially important, since there are a lot of fortifications and trenches there.
The TOS-1A has a powerful firepower and is capable of covering a large area with a single salvo, making it a powerful force for area denial**. At the same time, this kind of ** will also cause great psychological pressure on the enemy troops, which may weaken their morale and combat effectiveness.
In urban warfare, the TOS-1A also comes into play, clearing enemy positions in buildings or fortified areas. Due to the great power of this ** and the possibility of collateral damage, more precise aiming is required, and the sighting and control system of the TOS-1A is modern and capable of achieving high accuracy.
The TOS-1A rockets are adapted from the "Hurricane" rocket artillery ammunition, also known as the "fuel tank".
The firing range of the TOS-1A is relatively short, generally around 6 km, but this does not affect its combat effectiveness. Although its range is shorter than that of conventional artillery, it is more than enough for the close-quarters engagement and urban combat scenarios that the TOS-1A excels at.
TOS-1A had two roles in battle. On the one hand, it is direct fire support for infantry and armored units**, which can quickly destroy enemy fortifications, bunkers and fortifications. On the other hand, it is also a psychological ** that can make the enemy feel fear and despair in the face of a TOS-1A attack, affecting their will to fight. In addition, the TOS-1A is capable of unleashing a large amount of fire in a short time, making it an effective tool for area denial and breaking through the stalemate.
The TOS-2 is a modification of the TOS-1A, a wheeled rocket system that is also used by the Russian army in Ukraine. (Photo shows the Ministry of Defense of Russia).
The TOS-2 is the latest model of the Russian thermobaric rocket system, developed on the basis of the TOS-1 and TOS-1A. The biggest difference from the previous two generations is that it is mounted on a wheeled chassis, and not a tank chassis. This change may improve its mobility, especially on the road and between different terrains, and may increase its operational flexibility and speed of deployment.
In terms of firepower, the TOS-2 inherited the characteristics of firing thermobaric munitions, which are known for their devastating effects, especially against fortifications, underground bunkers, and urban combat scenarios. These munitions are capable of generating high temperatures** and sustained shock waves that wreak havoc on a wide area. The specific parameters of the TOS-2 rocket system, including range and load capacity, were improved on the basis of the previous two generations in order to provide greater combat capabilities.
In addition, the TOS-2 may have adopted a more advanced sighting and control system, reflecting the continuous advancement of military technology. These systems will increase the accuracy and efficiency of **, which is very important given the destruction potential of thermobaric ammunition.
The appearance of the TOS-2 demonstrates the continued emphasis on heavy firepower in Russian military thought, especially in situations where fast, overwhelming force is needed to strike enemy positions. Its development also demonstrates a recognition of greater mobility and flexibility in modern warfare, where rapid deployment and adaptability are just as important as sheer firepower.