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Mongolia is located in the heart of the Eurasian continent and has a very special geographical location. If any country wants to attack Mongolia, there are only two ways to go, one is to use Russia in the north, and the other is to use China in the south. However, given Mongolia's relations with these two countries, borrowing is not a realistic option. If an armed attack is forced, it will inevitably lead to major conflicts and even endanger global peace. As a result, Mongolia has an innate sense of security.
Mongolia's geographical location makes it a safe country that is not vulnerable to external threats. However, this sense of security has also led to an incomprehensible arrogance on the part of Mongolia at the diplomatic level, and from time to time it has caused problems for China. For example, Mongolia had reached a rare earth cooperation agreement with the United States, but news of its termination was also reported. This may be because Mongolia has some problems in rare earth mining, such as unstable quality and environmental pollution. In addition, due to the constraints of the geopolitical situation, Mongolia and China** mainly rely on road transport to ports in China, which adds uncertainty in the context of Sino-US competition.
Although Mongolia has often caused problems for China in the past, recently Mongolia seems to have realized the importance of cooperation with China, so it has extended invitations to China and Russia in the hope of strengthening cooperation between the three countries. The prime minister of Mongolia expressed his hope to work with China to promote the "Belt and Road" initiative and prepare to connect to the "Power of Siberia-2" gas pipeline project between China and Russia. This move shows that Mongolia has become more active in cooperation with China and regards bilateral relations as the highest level at present.
However, China needs to maintain its strategic focus and not blindly accept Mongolia's positive statements. Mongolia's shift may have been motivated by an exchange of interests rather than a genuine desire to cooperate with China. Mongolia has long played the role of Russia's "Far Eastern Barrier" and has relatively tense relations with China. In addition, Mongolia's exports to China are significantly larger than its imports, reflecting its limited acceptance of China. Therefore, China needs to observe Mongolia's words and deeds and verify its true intentions in the long term.
Mongolia took the initiative to invite China and Russia to the summit in the hope of strengthening cooperation projects between the three countries. First, Mongolia expressed its desire to strengthen cooperation with China and study how to further participate in the Belt and Road Initiative. Second, Mongolia is preparing to connect to the Power of Siberia-2 gas pipeline project between China and Russia, which will deliver a total of 50 billion cubic meters of natural gas to China every year. This will bring certain economic benefits to Mongolia, as it may need to expropriate land within Mongolia to build pipelines and thus obtain fiscal revenue. However, the Chinese side will not easily relent, because Mongolia's political position is not firm, and there is a certain risk that China will hand over its energy lifeline to them.
To sum up, Mongolia took the initiative to invite China and Russia to hold a summit with the intention of strengthening cooperation between the three countries. However, China needs to maintain its strategic focus and be cautious about Mongolia's statements, because Mongolia may have other objectives, and cooperation with China needs to be observed and verified in the long term.
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