Hello everyone, I am Hu Fengshan, an oncologist, today we are going to talk about the diet of cancer patients, what can cancer patients eat and what they can't eat?
one
There is a general dietary principle for cancer patients, which is to be rich and balanced in nutrition.
Most cancer patients have the problem of nutritional deficiencies, and there are many factors that cause nutritional deficiencies. The first is the consumption of tumors, the growth of tumors needs to consume a lot of nutrients, so most of the nutrients ingested by cancer patients are consumed by tumors; The second is the impact of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy often affect the patient's digestive function, resulting in insufficient nutrient absorption; The third is insufficient intake, many patients have nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and other problems, resulting in insufficient food intake.
I don't eat much, the absorption is not good, and most of the little nutrients absorbed are consumed by the tumor, so most cancer patients are undernourished.
How can we achieve rich and balanced nutrition?
First of all, it is necessary to ensure adequate intake, that is, to ask the patient to eat and drink more. Many patients report that they have nausea and vomiting, and they have to vomit after eating, and it is better not to eat, but this view is wrong. If you don't eat it at all, it is not nutritious at all, so you should eat it.
Secondly, there are more types of food that are required, some people feel sick, this can't be eaten, that can't be eaten, so what does your nutrition come from? If you eat fruits and vegetables alone, the protein intake is insufficient; Eating meat alone is not enough for vitamin intake. Therefore, we should eat meat and vegetables, all kinds of vegetables, fruits, and all kinds of meat can be eaten, and the more types of food, the more comprehensive the nutrition.
Some friends say that I am a vegetarian and don't eat meat, so what should I do? There are also many high-protein foods in vegetarian diets, such as soy protein is a high-quality protein, add some tofu when eating cabbage, add some tofu when eating cold vegetables, drink some soy milk and milk in the morning, and eat an egg, which can be a good supplement to protein.
The last point is to digest well.
Due to poor digestion, we can make the food soft and rotten, and even make soup, porridge, liquid food, semi-liquid food, etc., which is easier to digest and the burden on the stomach and intestines is smaller.
In addition, at mealtimes, we can eat in small quantities and many times, each time eating a little less, but we can eat several more meals.
II. II. II
Although cancer patients say that nutrition should be comprehensive and rich, they do not say that they can eat everything, and there are some foods that should be eaten as little as possible. What foods should I eat less?
It is some foods that promote the occurrence and development of cancer, and we believe that these foods may contain a certain amount of carcinogens. There are several common categories:
One is barbecue and fried food, when the food is fried at high temperature, nitrosamines, which are often referred to as nitrite, which is a recognized carcinogen; Acrylamide is also produced, which is a toxic substance, although we eat a small amount at one time, this toxic substance accumulates in the body, and to a certain extent, it can induce diseases, mainly affecting the nervous system and reproductive system.
The second is pickled food, such as pickles, sauerkraut, salted fish, and sausages that we often eat, due to the relatively high salt content, the longer the pickling time, the easier it is to produce nitrosamines. There was a high incidence of cancer in some areas of China, and after research, it was found that it was related to the eating habits of local people, especially related to eating pickled food. For example, there was a high incidence of esophageal cancer in Linxian County, Henan Province, which was related to the local people's love of eating sauerkraut, and after this custom changed, the incidence of esophageal cancer was significantly reduced.
Third, smoked food, such as smoked meat, smoked sausage, smoked fish, etc., is made by using the smoke produced by the incomplete combustion of fuel, and in the process of smoking, it is easy to produce benzopyrene, which is a strong carcinogen.
Fourth, moldy food, we often say don't eat overnight dishes, because we are afraid that the food will become moldy. If food is stored for too long, it is prone to mould, and moulded food often contains Aspergillus flavus, which produces aflatoxin, which is also a carcinogen. In the past, we used to use tanks to hold water, but in some areas, the temperature was relatively high and the climate was relatively humid, which was easy to breed mold and cause water pollution. Nowadays, most of us use tap water, and this phenomenon does not exist, but in the past, when the material was relatively scarce, even if the food was moldy, it was reluctant to throw it away. Now it's best not to do this, if you store it for too long, or if it has moldy food, you should throw it away.
Some of the four types of food mentioned above have a very unique and delicious taste, but due to health risks, even ordinary people are not recommended to eat more.
Three
In addition to the dietary taboos mentioned above, there are some things to be aware of.
The first is to try to eat as light as possible, light does not mean not to eat meat, light means that the taste should be light, such as particularly salty, particularly spicy, particularly sweet, particularly sour and other foods with too strong taste, to avoid as much as possible. Foods with too strong tastes can easily affect digestive function, and foods with too strong tastes usually put more oil, salt, sugar, chili peppers, etc., which is not good for our health. Some people say that the taste is light and there is no appetite, but in fact, when we say light, we don't mean that there is no salt and pepper at all, but the amount should be small. And putting too much seasoning will mask the taste of the food itself, like the cabbage we often eat, it has a clear fragrance itself, and it can be delicious when stir-fried.
The second is to eat with your family as much as possible when eating. Why? Need someone to be there for a meal? Because the cancer patient himself has a bad appetite, he eats by himself, and it ends with just two bites. But eating with his family is different, with his family driving him, his appetite will be better, he will feel that eating is not a casual thing, and he will eat more.
The last thing to say is to drink water, drinking water is a very important thing, drinking more water can promote the body's metabolism, the body's waste, toxins in time to discharge. For example, when cancer patients are undergoing chemotherapy, drinking more water can promote the excretion of chemotherapy toxins, so that the toxicity produced by chemotherapy can be reduced
Normal people need about 2000-3000 ml of water per day, we can get some of it from food, and we need to drink the rest, about 1500-2000 ml of water per day. Generally, the kind of thermos cup we use is 400-500 ml, that is, we have to drink almost a day.
Four or five cups.