Guizhou Zunyi Liu Chengde
It is said that students have three fears: one is afraid of classical Chinese, the second is afraid of writing, and the third is afraid of Zhou Shuren. It can be seen that it is indeed very difficult for students to break through the reading of classical Chinese.
The difficulty of reading classical Chinese in the college entrance examination is mainly due to these three reasons. First, most of the selected texts are excerpts and deletions, and a lot of information is compressed and deleted, which is naturally difficult to read. The second is that there are differences between ancient and modern expressions, because they are far away from the ancients and are not familiar with some inherent expressions of literary language, it is naturally difficult to understand. Third, it is difficult to be familiar with the cultural knowledge involved in the literary language, especially for some people, place names, official names, year names and other titles, it is difficult to understand.
In recent years, most of the first questions in the college entrance examination are to test the sentences of the Chinese language, so how to answer this question?The answer can be solved by starting with linguistic markers and grammatical knowledge.
The first is to break sentences based on signs. Classical Chinese sentences, regardless of their external form or internal structure, have some characteristic signs of their own, which can be used to break sentences.
1.It can be used to break sentences with the help of literary fiction signs. The main function of the virtual words in the literary language is to express the grammatical relationship and tone, there was no punctuation in ancient times, and these virtual words often played the role of pause in the reading of literary sentences (punctuation), so the sentence can be broken with the help of the virtual words in the sentence to distinguish the sentence reading.
Common sentence opening mood particles: husband, only, cover, fan, plagiarism, please, respect, i.e., gou, if, longitudinal, although, sigh, woohoo......
Common mood particles at the end of sentences: 者, also, 矣, hu, 焉, yes, 欤 (and), ear, ya, and ......
Common sentence opening related words: to if, then, yes, if, as for, although, and husband, to make, even if, yet, then, then ......
2.Sentences can be broken with cultural common sense signs. Classical Chinese generally involves some cultural knowledge, and sentences can be concluded according to these cultural common sense signs. Clearly distinguish the names of people (name and name characters) in the literary language (in the literary language, the full name is often used when the name first appears, and only the surname is nominated and not mentioned when it appears later), official positions, place names, year names, etc., which are also the basis for clarifying the meaning of the text and breaking sentences.
3.It can be used to break sentences with the help of literary sentence patterns.
From the perspective of the external form of sentences, most of the sentences before and after classical Chinese are neat and consistent, with more than four or six sentences, and the sentences can be broken according to the characteristic signs of this external sentence pattern.
From the perspective of the internal grammatical structure of sentences, many of the internal structures of classical Chinese sentences are fixed, and sentences can be broken according to the characteristics of this internal sentence structure.
Common literary sentence pattern: "such as ......."Ho" "Nai......Ho" "If ......Ho "" has no ......"No......"Nothing......""...... situation"Why......is ...... with "".What ......"Take ......for ......"No, ......"Which is the ...... of it""......"Ann......"Ah......"What ......is ...... for ""......."Subject to ......Yu ......"See ......Yu ......"Fu Yong......Hu" "Xi Yi......for ......
4.Sentences can be broken by rhetorical signs. In classical Chinese, rhetoric will also be involved, and if it is a sentence with rhetorical techniques such as truthfulness, duality, and comparison, the sentence can be broken according to the characteristics of its rhetorical language.
The second is to break sentences based on grammatical knowledge. Classical Chinese sentences naturally involve grammatical knowledge, so sentences can be broken according to their grammatical knowledge. The sentence structure of literary language is naturally related to subject-verb structure, verb-object structure, adverbial postposition, definite postposition, object preposition, etc., generally a clause has only one subject-verb structure or verb-object structure, which can be broken according to these grammatical structures and sentence component collocation relationships.
Examples of analysis of high exam questions:
The correct one of the following sentences for the wavy line in the text is ( ).
a.Shuang cowardice can not be used, so he is committed to being killed, Zhi sits on Shuang, goes to prison, deserves death, and does not speak straight, will not be spared, Xuan Dijia's pardon is not punished, and Russia rises up to merge the state to assassinate the history
b.Shuang cowardice can not be used, so he is committed to being killed, Zhi sits on Shuang, goes to prison, deserves death, and does not speak straight, will not be spared, Xuan Dijia's pardon is not punished, and Russia rises up to merge the state to assassinate the history
c.Shuang cowardice can not be used, so he is committed to being killed, Zhi sits on Shuang, goes to prison, deserves death, and does not speak straight, will not be spared, Xuan Dijia's pardon is not punished, and Russia rises up to merge the state to assassinate the history
d.Shuang cowardice can not be used, so he is committed to being killed, Zhi sits on Shuang, goes to prison, deserves death, and does not speak straight, will not be spared, Xuan Dijia's pardon is not punished, and Russia rises up to merge the state to assassinate the history
Looking at the four options in this question, the difference in the sentence is as follows: "Zhi sits down and goes to prison" and "the mouth is not litigious". In the first place, "Zhi sits in and goes to prison", according to the context of "prison" and the old knowledge of "sitting", it can be seen that "sitting" here is "because of ......crime", so "Zhi sit cool" and "go to prison" cannot be separated. According to grammatical knowledge, "zhi" is "Luzhi", and the person's name is the subject;"Sitting Shuang" is "guilty of Cao Shuang", a prepositional phrase, as an adverb;"To go to prison" is to "go to prison", as a predicate;Therefore, "Zhi sits on Shuang and goes to prison" is a valid sentence that cannot be disconnected.
According to the internal grammatical structure of the sentence and the symmetrical and neat linguistic signs of the external sentence structure, it can be seen that it should be judged as "the mouth is not straightforward" and "the will is not exempt".
According to the analysis and judgment of these two places, item C should be selected for this question.
Finally, we must understand that the basis of sentence breaking lies in understanding the meaning of the text, and whether the sentence is correct can be inferred from the meaning, that is, to see whether the meaning of the sentence is in line with the logic of facts.
The above is for reference only.