Editor's Choice
1. "Zhuangzi" was selected into the reading guidance directory for primary and secondary school students, the recommended works of the principals of 100 famous schools, and the extracurricular book for students.
1. Chen Ke, a young writer from Peking University, has a wonderful commentary and analysis view, which is more popular than the academic version and more professional than the popular version, and reshapes the philosophy of modern people in an easy-to-understand way.
2. The famous writer and scholar Yu Shicun favoritely recommends: Zhuangzi's life choices are still testing everyone today, but he is not only writing about Zhuangzi, he is also writing about this era.
3. Based on the famous article "Zhuangzi Inner Chapter", including "Wandering Away", "The World", "Theory of Things" and other famous articles, it completely restores the cultural charm and essence of Zhuangzi.
4. The Dunhuang mural "Nine-colored Deer" is used as the original material for the cover design, and the hand-painted illustrations of plain and elegant plants are used to decorate the text, exquisite and ancient style, which has been recited for 2500 years.
5. The themes involve growth, dreams, communication, etc., and Zhuangzi's philosophy can always fill in the missing point in our lives. The foundation of life is to get along with yourself first, and then to relate to the world.
Introduction
Life has no intention of reading Zhuangzi" is the interpretation and commentary of the young writer Chen Keshu's article on Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi's essays are full of imagination and fantasy, cleverly conceived, and have a romantic artistic style, which is a wonderful work of pre-Qin Zhuzi's essays, and has an unshakable position in the history of Chinese classical literature, philosophy, and artistic thought. This book is based on Zhuangzi*'s famous Zhuangzi Inner Chapter, including famous works such as "Wandering Away", "Theory of Things", and "The Human World". In addition, the author also skillfully combines Zhuangzi's thought with the current social environment, with themes such as growth, dreams, and interpersonal relationships, and explains the philosophy of modern people in an easy-to-understand way.
About the Author
Chen Keshu graduated from Peking University, is a classical culture scholar, young poet, critic, has a high reputation on popular platforms such as Zhihu, and is a columnist for popular public accounts such as "Poetry Sleeps Again". The author has a deep attainment and unique insights on classical culture and poetry, and has run the non-profit organization "Lyrical Poetry Training Camp" all year round, and is the author of "The Complete Works of Haizi's Lyrical Poems" and other works.
Wonderful book review
Zhuangzi's life choices still test everyone today, but he is not only writing about Zhuangzi, he is also writing about this era.
The rest of the world. Zhuangzi lived a chic life because he could say "no" and "don't".
Yi Zhongtian. At the low point of my life, it was "Lao Zhuang" who rescued me.
Jiang Xun. Zhuangzi is a very distinctive and distinctive philosopher, unique in ancient and modern times, both in China and abroad.
Wang meng. Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Getaway.
The essence of all carefree points to a proposition - to come back and be yourself.
Fable. Is Kun a big fish? Is Peng a big bird?
Although the North Hell is great, is it a place to imprison me?
Qi Harmony", a record of achievement.
Roc saw the wild horses and the dust.
Kunhua is Peng's self-summary.
Shu and Xuejiu are weak and laughing.
The soup uses the Kunpeng story as a teaching material.
Song Rongzi still smiled, and Liezi still waited.
There is no self for man, no merit for man and no merit for God, and no name for saints.
Xu You refused to overstep his bounds.
Why bother with the mountain of contempt shooting.
The medicine of the turtle hand is useful or useless.
The land of nothing is my heart.
Chapter 2: The Theory of Homogeneous Things.
Everything in the world is divided into two kinds, one is called the outer and the other is called the inside.
I lose me. The sounds of man, the earth, and the nature.
Happiness out of the void, steamed into bacteria.
Either there is no self, and there is nothing to be gained from me.
Once it is formed, it will not die to be exhausted.
Do people have bad people?
The Tao is hidden in Xiaocheng, and the words are hidden in glory.
There is nothing but the other, and there is nothing more than the other.
Heaven and earth are one finger, and all things are one horse.
The difference between "use" and "yong".
Three and four, and right and wrong.
The reason why the Tao is lost, the reason why love is successful.
Heaven and earth are born with me, and all things are one with me.
The Tao has not been sealed, and the words have not been constant.
Keeping light. Yao, who is troubled by war.
Ignorant and ignorant gnawing.
The diligent and studious Qu Quezi.
Qu Quezi who quickly comprehended.
Man is the shadow, and the shadow is the reckless.
Chapter 3 Health Owner.
Don't complain, introspect more, despise fame and fortune, and seek truth and knowledge - this is like a person.
My life has an end, and there is no end to knowledge.
There is no near name for good, and there is no near punishment for evil.
The solution of the cow is the wonder of health.
The right master comprehends the way of heaven.
Ze Pheasant does not want to be king.
Qin lost No. 3 and came out.
Refers to being poor for wages.
I don't know where the fire goes.
CHAPTER 4 The Human World.
I saw life clearly but was not in a hurry, and I saw the world but I was still emotional.
Confucius questioned Yan Hui's itinerary.
The inside is straight and the outside is void and the inside is straight and the outside is curved.
Fasting is more important than anything else.
Confucius encouraged Ye Gongzi Gao's itinerary.
Lan Boyu taught Yan Yan's itinerary.
The mantis arm is not a car, the tiger is not angry, and the horse is not arrogant.
Three things, three means.
Craftsman stone and ** evaluation of the tree of wood.
The world thinks it is ominous, but the man of God thinks it is auspicious.
I am a madman in Chu, Feng Ge laughs at Kong Qiu.
At this time, only the punishment is exempted.
Chapter 5 De Chong Fu.
The so-called fate is nothing but an excuse for the weak.
Confucius was able to understand the vulture.
Zichan began to understand the vulture, Shen Tujia.
Confucius could not understand that the vultures were without toes.
Confucius seems to understand that the wicked mourn it.
Four stories, seven talismans.
The form of a man, the affection of no one.
People are ruthless. The Tao is in shape, and the sky is in shape.
Chapter 6 The Great Master.
There is no smooth sailing road, only an indomitable spirit of growth.
Know what the sky does, know what people do.
Definition of a real person.
It is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes.
Ask the way. The path of the Grand Master.
Take nothing as the head, life as the spine, and death as the jiri.
The fish are forgetful of the rivers and lakes, and the people are forgetful of Taoism.
Meng Sun did not mourn his mother.
Yierzi is dedicated to seeking the Tao.
Yan Hui sat down and forgot before Confucius.
Zisang has not yet understood.
Getaway doesn't come easily.
Chapter 7 Emperor Ying.
Regulating the opinions of others with one's own opinions is bound to lead one to lose one's own nature.
Pu Yizi is imperceptible.
Pu Yizi regards himself as a horse and a cow.
Zhuangzi's hidden message.
Is it "virtue" or "deception"?
Traveling the world, or wandering in the light?
Tireless in learning, or in nothing?
Loan all things and the people will be relieved.
Unfathomable realm.
Ignorant of the chisel, chaos to death.
Wonderful book excerpts
Most people in the world think that Zhuangzi inherited the mantle of Lao Tzu and "did nothing", however, at the beginning of "Getaway", Zhuangzi showed his grand ambition - the roe turned into a giant kun, the kun turned into a peng, and the peng flew in anger, being in the north of the underworld, but chasing the south of the underworld, sparing no effort - just ask, is this ** "inaction"?
In fact, Zhuangzi's life ambition is to explore the way of heaven, and tirelessly for this, its spirit is positive and enterprising, its feelings are romantic and strange, its life is harmonious and wise, the so-called "quiet and inaction", is just a way to explore the way of heaven, but is in the troubled times a small wisdom, ** is all of Zhuangzi?
To read Zhuangzi, we must first understand the positive and enterprising wisdom of Zhuangzi, and then talk about the methods of tranquility and non-action.
In the article "Getaway", Zhuangzi Huanghuang said a few words, talked eloquently, listed the magic, told the big of the Kunpeng and the small of the dove, told the story of Song Rongzi laughing at the world and the Liezi walking against the wind, and told about the medicine of the turtle hand and the use of the big gourd.
How can you "get away"?Zhuangzi's answer is: to recognize the essence of size, to understand one's own position, to know one's own shortcomings, to open up ideas, to pursue a higher realm. This is the so-called "knowing": exploring the way of knowing oneself, knowing that the way of oneself is not as good as the way of heaven, and seeking the way of knowing heaven.
Guo Xiang has a very concise comment on this: Although the husband is small and big, he is placed in the field of self-satisfaction. Then things are left to their own devices, things are called their abilities, each has its own share, and it is easy to be free, how can it be allowed to win or lose!
This means that: first, identify the gaps. It is necessary to admit that there is a difference and a gap between small and large. Zhuangzi often expounds that "big is small, and small is big", but that is only a way to look at the problem, it only distinguishes the relativity of things, not denies the original appearance of small and big.
Second, do not fight for victory. The difference between small and big doesn't matter, you don't have to fight for the winner. Small and big are just different stages of life, if you are obsessed with the superiority, how can you be "free"?
Third, self-satisfaction. To be "self-satisfied", to "each according to his part". Small pursuits, big goals, should be their own efforts for this, "things are left to their own nature, things are called their ability".
From this, we can roughly see that in fact, Zhuangzi's doctrine is full of enterprising spirit, and it is very methodical, very methodical, without brute force, and respects wisdom. As for the call to "be quiet and do nothing", it is just a method of abandonment and progress, not the real goal.
In short, the enterprising spirit full of great wisdom and the freedom from the self are the true meaning of Zhuangzi's doctrine, and how to get a leisurely trip is the way to enter Zhuangzi. Therefore, the whole "Zhuangzi" begins with a clear meaning, and the first article is "Leisurely Travel".
There is a fish in the northern underworld, and its name is Kun. The Kun is so big that I don't know how many thousands of miles it is. Turned into a bird, its name is Peng. Peng's back, I don't know how many thousands of miles it is. Flying in anger, its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. It is a bird, and the sea will migrate to the south. The Southern Hades, the Heavenly Pond also.
Fable. A story, a holy word.
The beginning of "Zhuangzi" is "Leisurely Travel", and the beginning of "Leisurely Travel" tells a story of "swimming" in the world in a very "leisurely" way. The profound truth is metaphorized in the beautiful story, and this section alone shows the unique romantic and majestic temperament of Zhuangzi vividly.
An intriguing story is far better than a boring reasoning. The story of Zhuangzi, with its complex structure, rich content, fantastic imagination and variety, is by no means an ordinary street saying, and it will naturally be fascinating and make people love it. This makes Zhuangzi incomparable in the beauty of the pre-Qin princes and even in the whole of Chinese literature.
Is Kun a big fish? Is Peng a big bird?
One story, three ideas.
We all know that "Kunpeng water hits three thousand miles", which is a great momentum, but in fact, the word "Kun", its original meaning is fish roe, fish fry, is too small to be a small fish, and Peng, I am afraid that it is a kind of bird created by Zhuangzi, it is ** in "Peng", the original meaning is a small bird that gathers and flies. - Huh! It's all very small, so why do you write about it? This is the unique philosophy of Zhuangzi! The meaning is threefold
First, small is big, big is small.
Compared with mortals, thousands of miles is large; Compared with the universe, a few thousand miles is small. Without context, there is no point in talking about urinating and urinating. If you get out of the limits of thinking, you will gain something different.
Second, the small will transform, and things will grow.
Today's thousands of miles of giant fish are the small fish roe at that time; Today's thousands of miles of Dapeng are the birds that flew at that time. Why bother to treat it as small?Why generalize about the big one?The size will be transformed, and don't be bound by preconceived notions.
Third, the name is just a code name, and the connotation is meaningful.
As a giant fish, but the name is "Kun", what can't you do?All things in the world are essentially "name" and "reality" that do not match each other. To seek its "truth", do not be deceived by its "name", and only then can we obtain the truth.
Look!Such a rich meaning can be expressed profoundly and vividly through a story and a few wordsOn the other hand, only with such a subtle literary technique can we tell such a profound philosophical meaning without being boring or rigid. This is the charm of "Zhuangzi"!
When some people read this, they thought that "Kun" was too small to fit the description of "thousands of miles", so they changed "Kun" to "whale" without authorization, thinking that "whale" was bigger. - That's a big mistake!And self-defeating, very vulgar wrong. Let's ask, is there a "whale" of thousands of miles?From the perspective of the Northern Underworld, the so-called "whales" in the world are actually just small "kun".
Although the North Hell is great, is it a place to imprison me?
The first perspective.
The narrator points out the kernel of the problem.
Beiming, that is, Beiming, is Beihai, but if it is simply understood as Beihai, then the original meaning of Zhuangzi is lost. - Darkness, the desert is boundless, the vastness is boundless, how can a "sea" word be able to bear it?
Interestingly, since it is a vast and boundless Northern Underworld, Kun and Peng, although they are so huge, can naturally accommodate them;However, Peng was determined to take the "sea" (i.e., the sea) to the southern underworld, that is, Tianchi, which may be wider and more vast.
Kunpeng grew up in the North Underworld, and the North Underworld is vast enough, however, is this the reason why I have been trapped here all my life?The South Hell is on the other side, extremely far away, and I have only heard about it, and I don't know what it is, but is this an obstacle that can stop me from going?The North Hell, implying the "Earth Pool", and the South Hell, explicitly indicating the "Heavenly Pool", strive to pursue, migrate from the earth to the sky, is the driving force of life. However, even if the South Soul is not a Heavenly Pool, do we have to be trapped in the Earth Pool?Aren't all unknown landscapes the heavenly pools in my heart?Therefore, even if it is not vast and vast, it is necessary to go to the South Hell.
Kun turned into Peng, "angry and flying, its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky", a "angry" word, is the best portrayal of its spirit. When we are born in the world, we have a steady stream of spirit, what can stop us from moving forward and chasing better scenery?
Kun, originally a small caviar, but gradually turned into a giant fish, the giant fish is still not complacent, and turned into a flying roc, still does not stop, and plans to fly from the North to the South Hell. Isn't this the enterprising spirit of Zhuangzi? Never stop, never stop, this is the purpose of Zhuangxue.
The Northern Hell is vast enough, and the changes in Kunpeng are amazing enough, but everything still can't satisfy people, isn't this the innate spirit of exploration of human beings? The story in front of us is magical enough, and the story behind it will be ever-changing, isn't this the endless curiosity that human beings love? Although the North Hell is great, is it a place to imprison me? Kunpeng changes, does life stop there? Zhuangzi begins with the main theme, faintly throwing out the big proposition of "where people are going", and then explains it from various angles.
Preface Preamble
Self-ordering. A wonderful man who is often misunderstood.
Chen Keshu. Zhuangzi was originally a wonderful man, but I am afraid that the world has too many misunderstandings about him. For example, Sima Qian described him in the "Historical Records":
His words are self-indulgent, so he can't use them from the prince.
According to this theory, Zhuangzi was a man who was very good at speaking beautiful words, but these words were so impractical that the princes could not use him at all. However, immediately after the next sentence, Sima Qian had to record the fact that:
The king of Chuwei heard Zhuang Zhou Xian, so that the thick coin greeted him, and Xu thought it was a phase.
Look, how could a person who only has the words of the foreign self-indulgence attract King Chu Wei to "think of him"? This shows that Sima Qian's so-called speculation that "the prince can't be used" must have untrue elements. And since King Chu Wei is willing to entrust him with the important responsibility of the prime minister, it can be seen that Zhuang Zhou must have some skills in the world.
In fact, Lao Zhuang's learning is originally the study of the world, and it also includes the study of governing the world, how can people really exist apart from the world? It's just that they pay attention to "self-transformation of non-action, quiet and self-righteousness", most people in the world only see the methods of "non-action" and "quietness", and ignore the fundamental purpose of "self-transformation" and "self-righteousness", so they feel that Lao Zhuang's learning is ethereal, and does not eat the fireworks of the world. Lao Tzu said: "If you think it is a tool, when it is not, it is used." That's exactly what happened. In other words, the doctrines of Confucius, Meng, Yang Mo and other theories are more like a repaired road, directly guiding ** to a certain mountain, but Lao Zhuang's theory is a gift to ** a construction team, so that ** can build a road to go where he wants to go. In fact, this is a more clever method, and of course, because it is clever, it is also easier to be misunderstood.
So, why talk about "quiet" and "inaction"? In fact, its core essence should be "to be quiet and distracting", "to do nothing, to do all kinds of narrow actions", to know and do one, in order to achieve a higher state, that is, the so-called "leisure". "Zhuangzi" begins with "Leisurely Travel", which is the spirit of the beginning
There is a fish in the north of the underworld, its name is Kun, the Kun is so big, I don't know how many thousands of miles it is. Turned into a bird, its name is Peng, the back of Peng, I don't know how many thousands of miles it is. Flying in anger, its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. It is a bird, and the sea will migrate to the south. The Southern Hades, the Heavenly Pond also.
Kun turned into Peng, Peng flew angrily, the North Underworld was still insufficient, and he was determined to migrate to the South Underworld. What a picture of continuous improvement! **Is it "quiet" and "inaction" in the narrow sense? If you want to achieve this, you must move forward with all your heart, and all kinds of distracting thoughts and narrow behaviors are obstacles, and you must get rid of them. This is the true meaning of "quiet" and "non-action". **Is it the front? Is there an end to the escape? After the Kunpeng story of "Getaway", in response to such a question, Zhuangzi's speculation gradually unfolded.
Therefore, Zhuang Xue is the study of life, which focuses on how to solve problems. Most of the people in the world see the fable of Zhuangzi is treacherous, and they praise its miraculous and vain, in fact, no matter how gorgeous, it is still the existence of "埏埴蟴計計", in layman's terms, it is edification, its meaning is to save people, to teach people to fish. How can the world see if it is not used in such an exaggerated way? Therefore, Zhuangzi compared the war of the state to the false name of the snail, the useless thing as the skill of slaying the dragon, and the shallowness of man to the frog ...... at the bottom of the wellHowever, even so, has the world woken up to its senses? Apparently not. This is also because Zhuangzi's learning emphasizes respect for everyone's nature, insists on enlightenment, and requires the listener to realize it by virtue of karma, and is never willing to "show out" a path to teach others to go up in ignorance. After all, what about "Ming"? Everyone's opinion is different, so how can the answer be the same?
Therefore, all kinds of parables are also the methods of enlightenment, and Zhuangzi does not value them, on the contrary, Zhuangzi often emphasized: "Great debate is not spoken." In other words, since all understandings have their limits and all situations will be transformed, then all statements are undoubtedly wrong. This proposition itself is not profound, but it is almost brutally and brutally denied everything, including Huizi, Confucius, Mozi, ......These contemporaries of thought disseminators, of course, also included Zhuangzi himself. Then we can't help but wonder how Zhuangzi views the various remarks he left behind, since he "can't say anything"?
There is no doubt that Zhuangzi has already achieved self-consistency on this issue, and in the Treatise on Things, he argues this proposition with twists and turns, and at the end of the Zhuangzi Inner Chapter, he mentions it very secretly, using extremely clever and clever allegory:
The emperor of the South China Sea is the emperor, the emperor of the North Sea is the emperor, and the emperor of the ** is chaos. When you meet in a chaotic place, you treat chaos very well. The virtue of retribution of chaos and negligence, said: "Everyone has seven tricks, and they eat and breathe with hearing and hearing." This is unique, try to chisel it. "One day chisels, seven days and chaos die.
What does it really say? For thousands of years, people have had different opinions about this, some people lamented the death of chaos, and some people lamented the recklessness of recklessness. If you are entangled in the story itself, then you will lose, because it is not a story at all, but an extremely wonderful metaphor: the emperor of the North Sea is the Kun of the North Underworld, the emperor of the South China Sea is the Peng of the South Underworld, and the chaos is Zhuangzi. The end is death. In other words, Zhuangzi advocates the way of heaven, not Zhuangxue, which was born because of the way of heaven and should also die in response to the way of heaven, and only in this way is it eternal.
This is Zhuangzi's open-mindedness, but also his academic harmony, not only that, this paragraph is the end of "Emperor Ying", but also as the end of "Zhuangzi Inner Chapter", obviously talking about the theme of the emperor, but cleverly introduced the emperor of the North and the South, so as to happen to the opening of the "Getaway" to make a magical echo, so that the book constitutes an amazing loop. Wonderful, right? And it is only one of the four endings of the Zhuangzi Inner Chapter. In "Zhuangzi", there are many such ingenuity and ingenuity.
Different from the prose of Laozi, the quotations of the Analects, the essays of Mozi, and the subtle words of the Spring and Autumn Period, the theoretical system and discourse system of Zhuangzi are all complete. It can even be said that the philosophical logic and literary expression of the Zhuangzi tend to be perfect and self-consistent, like a round pearl, especially the seven chapters of its "Inner Chapter", which are linked before and after, each is the inside and the outside, each chapter points to the theme, each section echoes each other, and each paragraph is carefully arranged, and finally forms a perfect work that runs through the whole breath.
The Zhuangzi is beautifully written, but it is just a few petals that he pulls out at will, and the real purpose of Zhuangzi is to construct a rigorous and perfect philosophical system, and then internalize it in the reader's mind. However, although not deliberately, his superb writing, profound thoughts, and harmonious wisdom eventually make literature and philosophy a perfect combination in the book "Zhuangzi". If you don't talk about its philosophy, you don't know the magnificence of its literature; If you don't talk about its literature, you don't know the profundity of its philosophy. Literature and philosophy complement each other and stand together at the pinnacle of the history of human thought and civilization, and I am afraid that there is no second such book in the world.
Zhuangzi is a wonderful person, "Zhuangzi" is a strange book, it must not be easy to understand, otherwise how can it be called wonderful? When I read the Zhuangzi, I often have some new realizations, which is to say: first, my views are often different from those of the sages, and there must be misunderstandings; Second, my current views will eventually be iterated by new ones. In short, the great debate is not to say, the way of heaven is eternal, and the words at this moment are far from the avenue, but to seek the avenue, after all, misunderstanding is the only way to the truth. Then, I can say frankly that this book has a new correct understanding of Zhuangzi, as well as a new misunderstanding; We have misunderstood Zhuangzi in the past, and we will continue to misunderstand it in the future.