Excellent generals are the existence of the army, and the praise of the generals is an affirmation of their ability.
In 1955, after learning from the hierarchical system of the Soviet army, New China awarded the rank of general to 55 generals who made outstanding contributions during the war, and they were all called "founding generals" by the world.
However, when the commendation ceremony was over, some people questioned it? They think Fu Zuoyi should be on the list. However, the chairman's answer was unexpected, and the voice of doubt disappeared. What exactly was said?
Fu Zuoyi was born in 1959 in Anchang Village, Shanxi. When Fu Zuoyi was 5 years old, his father Fu Qingtai seized the opportunity to expand the family's business step by step.
After his family became wealthy, Fu Zuoyi was sent to the academy to receive an education, where he was among the top performers and loved to read classics. Fu Zuoyi admires the brave and resourceful characters in the story, and he has seen the national crisis since he was a child, and he yearns to become a soldier who dedicates himself to the country.
Fu Zuoyi was admitted to the Taiyuan Army Primary School in 1910, where he formally came into contact with the bourgeois revolutionary ideas represented by Sun Yat-sen, and Fu Zuoyi embarked on the road of bourgeois revolution.
In 1918, Fu Zuoyi returned to his hometown of Shanxi after graduation. At that time, the Jin army led by Yan Xishan was stationed in Shanxi, and Fu Zuoyi naturally joined the Jin army. Fu Zuoyi has performed well in many wars and has been promoted all the way.
And it was in one of the battles that Fu Zuoyi fully demonstrated his talent in defense.
During the melee of the Beiyang warlords, Yan Xishan led the Jin army and the warlords of the Zhi and Feng lines to jointly attack the national army composed of Feng Yuxiang and others. In 1927, the Nationalist Army was defeated and forced to withdraw to the northwest.
The Nationalist Army led by Song Zheyuan was intercepted by the Jin army at the same time as retreating to Shanxi, and due to the disparity in strength between the enemy and us, the Jin army was defeated and retreated, and was forced to move to Yanmen Pass.
Yan Xishan then sent Fu Zuoyi to defend Tianzhen to block the Nationalist army's westward retreat, and because Tianzhen was the only way to retreat to Suiyuan, he insisted that the Nationalist Army launched a fierce attack on Tianzhen.
Tianzhen is located in a fortress, easy to defend and difficult to attack, coupled with Fu Zuoyi's foresight, he led his subordinates to defend Tianzhen. After three months of defense, the main force of the Nationalist Army was exhausted and unable to attack again.
ThisThe battle of winning more with less affirmed Fu Zuoyi's ability to defend the city.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, and Yan Xishan led the Jin army to accept the incorporation of the Nanjing National RevolutionFu Zuoyi also officially joined the Kuomintang.
After joining the Kuomintang, Fu Zuoyi ushered in a battle that made him famous in World War I, that is, the famous Battle of Zhuozhou.
In October 1927, Fu Zuoyi, the chief of staff and others stood next to the topographic map of Zhuozhou and discussed how to attack, and finally determined the offensive strategy of a sneak attack on a detour.
Fu Zuoyi led his troops to advance from the mountain road and raided the Feng army guarding Zhuozhou. Zhuozhou is located in a fortress, so Zhang Xueliang was furious after hearing that Zhuozhou had fallen, and he ordered: "Immediately transfer another 30,000 elite soldiers, we must recapture Zhuozhou, and let Fu Zuoyi, who does not know the height of the sky, taste the bitterness." ”
Zhuozhou does not have the terrain of Tianzhen, only a row of towering ancient city walls towering on the border of Zhuozhou. After Fu Zuoyi invaded the city, he immediately organized soldiers to arrange artillery fire on the city wall, and he told everyone: "I want to build Zhuozhou into an iron cage, so that people outside cannot attack it." ”
Under Fu Zuoyi's extremely high defensive ability, Zhuozhou was arranged so that not even a fly could fly in. The enemy launched several attacks on the city, only partially shedding the appearance of the city wall, as Fu Zuoyi said, Zhuozhou City was as impregnable as an iron cage.
Unfortunately, except for the troops led by Fu Zuoyi, who successfully penetrated into the Feng army, the other Jin armies all withdrew to Shanxi, and Fu Zuoyi was completely isolated.
The situation of wolves in front and tigers in the back did not make Fu Zuoyi have the intention of surrendering, he was well-informed, and repeatedly saw through the siege plan of the Feng army, and successfully blocked it.
Fu Zuoyi held on to the isolated city for 100 days when he was isolated and helpless, and ran out of ammunition and food, so that the enemy army did not attack a single bit.
It wasn't until Yan Xishan thought that there was no point in holding Zhuozhou, coupled with the bitter begging of the people in the city, that Fu Zuoyi agreed to withdraw from Zhuozhou.
Although this battle ended with Fu Zuoyi's surrender, Fu Zuoyi was able to defend Zhuozhou for 100 days in isolation, which made many forces want to win over Fu Zuoyi. Fu Zuoyi also became famous because of this, and he was called"General of the Defenders".
Fu Zuoyi's ability to defend the city was highly praised by the KMT's top brass, and he was also regarded by the Communist Party as a "difficult bone." However, this hard bone who was feared by the Communist Party was the hero who promoted the peaceful liberation of Beiping, what did he do in the battle to liberate Beiping?
Fu Zuoyi was appreciated by Chiang Kai-shek for his excellent defensive ability, and gave him extremely high preferential treatment, Fu Zuoyi followed Chiang Kai-shek to fight everywhere and became a general under him.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated for the second time, and Fu Zuoyi began to intersect with the Communist Party, and the Communists had long heard of Fu Zuoyi's name of "General Defending the City" and admired him very much. During the period of cooperation, Fu Zuoyi relied on his outstanding ability to help the communist army repel the Japanese attack many times and improve the communist army's defense problems.
Fu Zuoyi and the Communist Party appreciated each other and cooperated very happily. However, after Chiang Kai-shek publicly tore up the peace agreement, Fu Zuoyi chose to stand on the opposite side of the Communist Party, and he also changed from a friend of the Communist Party to a "wanted criminal".
Why is it a pity that a Kuomintang general was not awarded the title of "founding general", it starts with a major event he did.
At the end of 1948, the Communist Party of China (CPC) marched forward and broke through many defensive lines of the Kuomintang from south to north, and the War of Liberation entered the decisive stage. Although most of the southern regions had been liberated, the main forces of the Kuomintang were of course entrenched in the north, and for this reason the Communist Party had to do everything possible to liberate the northern regions.
The Communists struggled with how to liberate Beiping, which was both a historic city and a metropolis of millions of people. The most important thing is that Beiping is an important strategic point of the Kuomintang, and Chiang Kai-shek specially sent Fu Zuoyi, a "famous general who defends the city", to lead an army of 200,000 troops to be stationed in Beiping.
If the Communists wanted to liberate Beiping by means of war, they could suffer heavy losses. In order to alleviate the safety of the people's lives and property in the cityThe Communists decided to negotiate the peaceful liberation of Beiping.
In December, the Communist Party decided to send ** and other representatives to negotiate with Fu Zuoyi, but the results of the first two negotiations were not pleasant.
At that time, Fu Zuoyi still had illusions about Chiang Kai-shek, and he believed that the main force of the Kuomintang was still in the north and still had the strength to fight a war. However, the fact is that Chiang Kai-shek already had the idea of retreating to the south at that time.
In early 1949, after the end of the Liaoshen Campaign, the Kuomintang army suffered a serious blow, and Chiang Kai-shek decided to retreat to the south. The Communists intercepted the Kuomintang army at sea, and at the same time cut off Fu Zuoyi's retreat route, and Beiping became a completely isolated city.
Faced with the million-strong Communist Party Fu Zuoyi in the city, Fu Zuoyi's daughter saw this situation and persuaded Fu Zuoyi to surrender and let him consider the millions of people in the city. The Communist Party also sent Fu Zuoyi's friends to persuade him to surrender, hoping to negotiate peacefully.
Fu Zuoyi agreed to hold a second negotiation under repeated persuasion, but because Fu Zuoyi's own views did not agree with the demands of the Communist Party, the second negotiation also ended in failure.
The Communists negotiated peace with Fu Zuoyi on the one hand, and liberated Tianjin on the other. It was not until the Communists quickly liberated Tianjin that Fu Zuoyi completely realized that he was no longer capable of continuing the stalemate with the Communists, and accepted the Communists' proposal to liberate Beiping peacefully.
Finally, on January 22, 1949, the two sides formally signed the "Agreement on the Peaceful Liberation of Beiping".
The Beiping issue was resolved peacefully without a single soldier, which not only protected this historic city, but also made great contributions to promoting the liberation of the whole of China.
** said: "If Fu Zuoyi refuses to surrender, even if we win, it is not a victory in the true sense, and the first contribution to the liberation of Beiping should belong to Fu Zuoyi." After the founding of the People's Republic of China, ** gave Fu Zuoyi very high treatment and let him serve as a minister, so *** once said: "The title of general is not suitable for Fu Zuoyi." ”
Fu Zuoyi made outstanding contributions to the peaceful liberation of Peking and even the victory of the Liberation War. Even though Fu Zuoyi was a member of the Kuomintang, he was still treated favorably by the Communist Party.
In addition to promoting the peaceful liberation of Beiping, Fu Zuoyi also persuaded his old subordinate Dong Qiwu to accept the Communist Party's peace proposal, which allowed the Communist Party to liberate a region peacefully again.
Therefore, when the person in charge of the organization asked whether Fu Zuoyi's name was added, ** said: ".General Fu Zuoyi is a friend of the Communist Party, he is a hero of the liberation of China, and conferring the title of General Fu Zuoyi is not a commendation for him, but a demotion
In addition, several of the people who were awarded the title of "Founding General" at that time were Fu Zuoyi's old subordinates, ** pointed out that if this title was awarded to General Fu Zuoyi, wouldn't it make him an equal relationship with his subordinates, which was absolutely impossible.
In addition to the fact that the chairman thinks that the title of general is not suitable for Fu Zuoyi, there is another reason for Fu Zuoyi himself.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Fu Zuoyi had accepted the incorporation of the Communist Party of China, and his "Fu Jiajun" had been completely included in the ranks of the People's Liberation Army, and Fu Zuoyi no longer had an army under him. And in 1952, Fu Zuoyi proposed to leave the army and engage in water conservancy work. ** The chairman agreed to General Fu Zuoyi's request and conferred on him the post of Minister of Water Resources.
Fu Zuoyi has already left the army, and it is obviously inappropriate to award him the title of general again, and Fu Zuoyi, as the minister of water resources at that time, is obviously higher than the general, so Fu Zuoyi will no longer be awarded the title of general.
After Fu Zuoyi became the Minister of Water Resources, he said: ".New China has just been founded, and the construction of the motherland is the most important task, and the construction of water conservancy has a bearing on the daily life of the people
In order to ensure the efficient completion of water conservancy construction, Fu Zuoyi went down the Yellow River, crossed the Yangtze River, and traveled all over China's great rivers. He mingled with the people, deeply understood the needs of the people, and promoted the development of water conservancy in New China.
When a flood was encountered in a certain place, Fu Zuoyi personally went to the front line to direct the disaster relief and comfort the military and civilians. He promoted the construction of dams one after another to solve the problem of flooding in many places.
General Fu Zuoyi's contribution to New China can not be summed up by the title of "general", so Chairman *** once said: "The title of general awarded is to wronged General Fu." ”
General Fu Zuoyi was a well-known "general defending the city" during the war, and he had outstanding achievements in the Northern Expedition, the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression or the War of Liberation.
In peacetime, Fu Zuoyi resolutely gave up his position in the army, turned around and devoted himself to the cause of building the motherland, and made great contributions to the water conservancy cause of New China. During his career in water conservancy, he personally inspected and waded through mountains and rivers, and gave important instructions on flood prevention and disaster relief and dam construction in many parts of the country, thus enabling the rapid development of water conservancy in New China.
In April 1974, Fu Zuoyi died of illness, he was still concerned about the drought in the northern region before his death, General Fu Zuoyi devoted his life to the cause of the motherland and made great contributions, although he has long since left, but his voice is like that.