Although Zhao Kuangyin was born in a poor family and is a martial artist, he has extraordinary political skills and ways of employing people.
In the presence of loyal men, he will show affection and care; For those who are fake and powerful, he can suppress them just right. Even his political enemies may not be able to escape his machinations.
It is precisely with this ability to grasp people's hearts that Zhao Kuangyin was able to calm the world and quickly consolidate his rule.
So how did Zhao Kuangyin, who came from a humble background, have so much political wisdom?
The succession of dynasties in China was mostly carried out in the form of violent revolution, and the people of Li had to suffer the endless pain brought to them by the turbulent times.
For example, Qin conquered the Six Kingdoms by force and established the Great Unification Qin Empire; Liu Xiang's "Chu and Han disputes", Liu Bang finally won and established the Western Han regime; Li Yuan ended the warlord secession at the end of the Sui Dynasty by force and established the Tang Dynasty. Later Yuan, Ming, and Qingfeng dynasties all established unified empires by violent revolution. Although these dynasties have appeared such as: "the rule of Wenjing", "the rule of Zhenguan", "the prosperity of the Kaiyuan Dynasty", and "the prosperity of Kangqian".
There's no denying it,In the process of establishing these dynasties, it was difficult to avoid wars and wars, which brought profound disasters to the common people. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin set a precedent for the peaceful opening of the countryOf course, when the Northern Song Dynasty was founded, there were its unique favorable conditions, when Zhou Shizong "ordered Kuang Yintai to be in charge of military politics for six years, won the hearts of soldiers, and several conquests from Shizong, made many achievements, and was expected to return."
Zhao Kuangyin had a very high prestige in the army at that time, and a large number of cronies and soldiers followed, if he seized the throne by force from the seven-year-old Zhou Gong Emperor Chai Zongxun, it could be described as a search for something.
What is commendable is that Taizu is different from the emperor who was born as a pure soldier in the fifth generation, although he was born as a martial artist, but in his early years, he roamed the rivers and lakes alone, and saw the tragic situation of corpses and starvation all over the place caused by the long war, and he knew that once there was a civil war, he did not know how many lives would be ruined.
More far-sighted than the ordinary founding emperor, Zhao Kuangyin was far-sighted, not only paying attention to the way to seize power, but also deeply realizing that in order to govern the country in the future, he could not create hatred. Therefore, Zhao Kuangyin chose the most ideal strategy of "Chen Qiaoyi Mutiny" - "peaceful opening of the country", and finally succeeded.
After the yellow robe was added, Zhao Kuangyin immediately warned his subordinates, "The emperors of modern times, when they first entered the capital, they all plundered the army and robbed the treasury without permission. Otherwise, the clan will punish you. All worship. It is the whole army that enters from Ren and the door, and the autumn has done nothing."
At that time, he was the envoy of Tianping Jiedu, Tongping Zhangshi, the deputy commander of the guard Ma Bujun, and a member of the Zhou Shizong Dynasty in Beijing——— an important general whose status was comparable to that of Taizu, and after hearing the news of Zhao Kuangyin's Chen Qiaoyi mutiny, "rushed back from the inner court, and will lead the people to prepare for the palace." The scattered members all commanded the Shu people Wang Yansheng to meet (Han) through the road, and the prancing horse chased him, to his first, and the first door was not hidden, so he killed him, and his wife. ”After Han Tong's entire family was killed, no one in the capital dared to come out to resist.
As a result, Zhao Kuangyin basically successfully achieved the change of regime in a peaceful way. However, Song Taizu has always felt guilty about the killing of Han Tong's entire family, and it may be that according to Taizu's thoughts, there is a way not to kill Han Tong and solve the problem peacefully.
After Han Tong's death, Taizu "gave Han Tong a Chinese book order to bury him, and Jia Qi was in trouble." "Posthumously sealed and buried Han Tong to reward him for his integrity in the face of danger. At the same time, Song Taizu held Wang Yansheng accountable for killing Han Tong, "Wang Yansheng gave up his life and killed him, and he was very angry, and he was beheaded, and he was released, but he was also not awarded a temperance for life."
Taizu originally wanted to kill Wang Yansheng to thank the countrymen, but in the end he let Wang Yansheng live, but Wang Yansheng never got promoted again for the rest of his life. It can be seen how deep Taizu's guilt is about Han Tong's death
Song Taizu's method of "opening the country peacefully" allowed the vast number of Li people to avoid the disasters caused by the war to the greatest extent, turned negative factors into positive factors, and completed the change of political power in a peaceful way, which is worthy of praise and emulation by all dynasties in later generations.
Song Taizu's use of ** can be described as all over the world. For the Later Zhou Dynasty, as well as the former ministers of the Later Shu and Wu Yue Kingdoms, as long as they have talent, they are all entrusted with important tasks.
For example, after the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, Taizu still let them continue to serve as prime ministers, and also added the title of "Situ, and the servant of the door, and the fan of the Pingzhang Shi plus the waiter, the right servant shoot, and the servant of the door, and the king Pujia Sikong of the Pingzhang Shi. "And dramatically improve their treatment. When "Prime Minister Fan Zhen and Wang Pu were sick one after another, they ordered the Hanlin medical officers Wang Xi and Mi Qiong to treat them, and both Zhen and Pu were sick (cured). ”
In addition, Taizu often visited the old and frail Fan Zhen and Wang Pu.
For example, Taizu once "fortunately Prime Minister Fan Qiandi saw the disease, gave 200 taels of gold ware, 1,000 taels of platinum ware, 2,000 horses of silk, and 1 million yuan of money" to reward Fan Zhen for their contributions to the imperial court.
Fan Zhen due to old age and infirmity, every time he learned that Fan Zhen was sick, Taizu visited his house in person, and later, Taizu was afraid of repeatedly visiting Fan Zhen's house, Fan Zhen had to be tired because of receiving him, Taizu ordered the female officials around him to visit Fan Zhen's house on behalf of Taizu.
Fan Zhen's life is simple, the basic utensils for hospitality at home, such as tea sets, etc., have not been completed, the female official reported the matter to Taizu, Taizu sent someone to give Fan Zhen a fruit bed and wine vessels, and visited Fan Zhen's house again and said: "Qing is the prime minister, why do you suffer like this?" ”
Fan Zhen replied: "The minister (once upon a time) was in the middle book, the door was selfless, and all the drinks were poor and lowly relatives, and they used utensils!" If you don't follow it, you can't do it. ”
Fan quality is extreme, incorruptible, like to point out people's mistakes in person, and cannot tolerate people's shortcomings. For five generations, most of the prime ministers will accept the filial piety of the local towns, and Fan Zhen has never accepted it. The gifts are used to raise orphans, and the usual food is ordinary fruits and vegetables. When he was seriously ill, he also instructed his son Fan Min that after his death, his family should not ask the emperor for a confession, and not to engrave a name on the tombstone.
Thirteen days later, Fan Zhen died. "I deeply mourned it, and gave it a book order, 500 horses of silk, and 100 stones of corn. Later, because of the emphasis on supplementation, he said: "I am not in the first place, I don't plant assets, and the real prime minister is also." Taizu's younger brother Taizong also praised Fan Qian, and once said to the ministers around himThe prime ministers of previous dynasties had rules, respected their names, and were honest, and there was no better model than the model. The only shortcoming of Fan Quality is that after Taizu seized the throne, he did not die to martyr Emperor Zhou Shizong.
In the third year of Qiande (965 AD), after the Song Dynasty destroyed Shu, he did not imprison Meng Chang's family, but issued an edict after the Shu lord Meng Chang went to the capital city to Kaifeng and gave him a thick seal, "Meng Chang is the first to open the palace with the three divisions, the inspection of the school Taishi, and the book of the order, and the prince of Qin." ”。
After Meng Chang's death, "Shang Wei dropped out of the five-day dynasty, gave Shangshu Order, posthumously crowned the king of Chu, congratulated and filial piety, and gave thousands of cloth and silk, and gave the funeral officer." Regardless of his previous suspicions, Song Taizu's way of employing people from all over the world widely gathered people's hearts, especially the hearts of hostile regimes or important ministers of the previous dynasty.
It is precisely because of these heavyweights that they have played a good role in demonstrating and leading the submission of the Northern Song Dynasty, so that a large number of hostile regimes or the middle and lower officials of the previous dynasty have followed suit, loyal to the Northern Song Dynasty regime, formed and stabilized the grassroots ruling force of the Song Dynasty, and established and stabilized a large number of ** teams for the prosperity of the Great Song Dynasty for more than 300 years.
Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin is very broad-minded, and for those who have offended him before, he can ignore his past suspicions, repay grievances with virtue, and unite them.
For example, in front of the palace, the Marquis of Duyu, the envoy of the Tongyuan army Dong Zunzhi, when Zhao Kuangyin was young and poor, he had defected to his father, when he was the assassin of the Later Han Dynasty Suizhou Assassin Shi Dong Zongben, Dong Zunzhi relied on his father's strength, and repeatedly bullied Zhao Kuangyin with words, such as he once said to Zhao Kuangyin: "I often see purple clouds in the city hovering in the sky like umbrellas, and I dream of climbing the heights, and I encounter a black snake of about a hundred zhang, and after a while, the black snake becomes a dragon again, and flies to the northeast, and then, thunder and lightning follow it, what is this sign?" ”。
Zhao Kuangyin only responded with silence, and did not cross-examine and obey the instructions. Another day, Dong Zunzhi and Zhao Kuangyin were debating the art of war, and they walked away.
After Zhao Kuangyin became the emperor, Dong Zunzhi has been the official to the commander of Xiaowu, one day, Taizu summoned Zunzhi in the palace, "Obey the ground and ask for death, and the order to help up left and right", Taizu said to Zunzhi: "Qing Shang remembers the dream of purple clouds and dragons in the past?" "Obey the teachings and pray again, long live. After a while,After some subordinates beat the drums and accused them of violating the law for more than ten violations, Taizu did not pursue themAnd said to Zun Zun: "I forgive the blame, and remember the old evils? Don't worry about it, I'll hire you. Taizu asked if his mother was okay? "Mother's family is in Youzhou, and the tribulation is separated." ”After learning that Zunzhi and his mother were separated, Taizu ordered people to give generous gifts to the border people, and quietly took Zunzhi's mother to Zunzhi's side and rewarded her heavily.
Taizu still ordered to obey the instructions to guard the Yuanyuan Army, and to live up to the trust of Taizu, and made many achievements.
Later, Zun Zhi sent his half-brother Liu Zong to Taizu to offer a good horse, and Taizu gave back the Zun Zhi with the real pearl pan dragon robe he was wearing, in order to show that he did not care about the past suspicions, and trusted and reused. For example, after the Southern Han Dynasty lord Liu Gang descended to the Song Dynasty, he was given the grace of Taizu and was given the title of General of the Right Thousand Niu Wei, in addition to paying the normal official office, he also gave Liu Gang 50,000 yuan and 50 rice and wheat.
When Liu Gang was the emperor of the Southern Han Dynasty, he liked to use wine to poison his ministers, one day in May of the fourth year of Kaibao, Taizu personally visited the training of the naval army to inspect the martial arts pool, and the entourage ** did not arrive, and Liu Gang arrived first, Taizu ordered his entourage to give a glass of wine, Liu Gang suspected that the wine was poisoned, and cried with a wine glass: "The minister inherited the grandfather's inheritance, refused to disobey the imperial court, and the king of labor was punished, and the crime deserved death, His Majesty did not kill the ministers. ”
Taizu smiled and said, "I put my heart in the belly, and I have this matter!" Asked the entourage to take the wine glass in Liu Gang's hand, drank the wine in the cup and cleaned it, asked someone to pour wine into the cup, and then gave Liu Gang to drink, Liu Gang was very ashamed and kowtowed to thank him. When Pinghou Shu was pacified, for how to treat Li Yu, the lord of Houshu, Taizu earnestly warned Cao Bin, the lord of Pingshu, several times, "Don't hurt the people in the city, if you are still trapped, Li Yu is a door, don't do harm." Benevolence and benevolence, three generations down, that is, unheard. ”
As the king of a country, Song Taizu is well aware of the importance of seeking common ground while reserving differences, seeking common ground and shrinking differences, and seeking common ground to resolve differences. The largest concentric circles of the Northern Song Dynasty were drawn, and the greatest common divisor was sought.
From the above stories, we can see that Song Taizu contained elements of the united front everywhere in his governance, showing the courage and courage of an ancient master: he founded the country in a peaceful way rather than by force, reused and treated the generals and ministers well, and eliminated the hidden dangers of the regime in the way of "releasing military power with a glass of wine" full of wisdom.
The strategy of seeking common ground while reserving differences, using the long and the short to show inclusiveness, the strategy of employing people without doubt, mutual trust, unity and cooperation, and the political character of paying attention to unity and seeking the greatest common divisor all reflect the superb united front wisdom of Song TaizuThis valuable quality of Taizu is also one of the most important reasons for creating the pinnacle of Chinese feudal society——— the Zhao and Song dynasties, which is worthy of praise, emulation and praise by future generations.
Song Taizu's broad and profound united front wisdom and culture have played an irreplaceable and unique role in mobilizing all positive factors in the most extensive and fullest way for us to mobilize all positive factors today, unite all forces that can be united, concentrate the will and wisdom of the people of all nationalities to work together, and realize the great cause of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Song Taizu can see human nature, accurately apply rewards and punishments, and adopt different ways of treating different people, which really shows his outstanding way of employing people.
Not only that, but he can also calmly deal with the machinations of his political opponents and set a more clever trap to counter them. This superb ability to grasp people's hearts enabled him not only to successfully pacify the world, but also to firmly consolidate his dominance after taking power.
On the way home is the New Year