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Due to the well-known geopolitical conflict, there is a severe shortage of natural gas in Europe, which has led to a skyrocketing price of electricity.
The price of electricity in France and the price of electricity in Germany have increased nearly 10 times, the price of electricity in France is currently about 7 yuan 8 yuan per kilowatt-hour, and the price of electricity in Germany is about 6 yuan 8 kilowatt-hour.
Unlike our thermal power plants in China, most of the thermal power plants in Europe use natural gas to generate electricity.
Because natural gas is theoretically the best of all fuels because its main component is methane.
Methane has only one carbon atom and is surrounded by 4 hydrogen atoms.
The calorific value of hydrogen is very high, basically one kilogram of natural gas is about 56% higher than one kilogram of coal.
In addition, the gas and water vapor emitted by burning natural gas accounts for 2 3, and carbon dioxide accounts for only 1 3, so it is theoretically possible to reduce a large amount of carbon emissions compared with pure coal-fired power generation.
However, Europe's dependence on Russia for natural gas is relatively high.
Russian gas can be transported by pipeline, which is larger and more convenient than ship transportation.
At present, Russia has three main gas pipelines to Europe, but all of them have to transit through Ukraine: the Arctic Line, the Brother Line and the Union Line.
Later, Russia and Germany jointly built a gas pipeline to bypass Ukraine, which is the famous Nord Stream 2 line.
This line was stopped as a result of the opposition of the United States.
Overall, the continent is as dependent on Russian gas as much as 40%.
Germany's dependence on Russian gas is 55 percent, while France's lowest is 17 percent.
Finland, Bulgaria and other countries are even more dependent on Russian natural gas than 80%.
Only the UK's gas is less dependent on Russia, only 49%, and now this dependency has dropped to 0.
Due to the significant reduction in the amount of Russian natural gas**, the original carbon neutrality emission standards set by Europe may not be met.
The only one that can be reached is Norway, which is the only net energy exporter.
Germany had called for 100% renewable energy by 2035, but this has now been abandoned.
Is Europe abandoning its goal of carbon neutrality?
In fact, this goal has not been abandoned, but the achievement of this goal will be delayed.
Because it's about global climate change.
Why is it necessary to resolutely halt climate warming?
We're already feeling the unusually hot this summer.
This is because the earth has continued to heat up since the Industrial Revolution.
The main reason for this is that industrial activities emit a large amount of carbon dioxide, which has risen by 1 percent so far2℃。
This 12 degrees Celsius is the increase in the global average temperature, which corresponds to global climate change, which increases the kinetic energy of the earth's atmospheric molecules.
The increase in the average kinetic energy of the earth's atmospheric molecules has led to the intensification of the circulation movement of the entire earth's atmosphere, but this increase is actually not average.
The movement of the Earth's atmosphere is a turbulent motion, and it has the characteristic that it will form some local stable structures, which are called dissipative structures.
Just like the Great Red Spot on Jupiter, it is formed due to the movement of the atmosphere.
The Great Red Spot has actually been around for a hundred years, at least since humans observed Jupiter, and it has not disappeared until now.
Therefore, the consequence of global warming is the formation of local dissipative structures, which are stable for a long time, and disastrous weather will visit certain areas on a regular basis.
Chongqing has experienced unusually high temperatures this year, which can be seen as a kind of hot spot forming over the surface, and it is not surprising that it may occur every summer in the future.
So the overall consequence of global warming is that the weather becomes more uneven and extreme.
Originally, there was no shortage of water in the Yangtze River region, but this year, the flow of the Yangtze River has decreased by 30% compared to previous years.
At the same time, this year, the rainfall in northern China is seriously high, and even a large amount of water has fallen in the desert.
This is the change in the rainfall belt due to the warming of the planet.
Other logic behind carbon targets.
In 2016, 144 countries developed a Paris Agreement with the goal of limiting global temperature growth to 1.0 by the end of the century5 or less.
This seems unattainable, and the most likely target to control is 2.
Coal-fired power plants now account for 38% of the world's carbon emissions, 20% from gasoline-powered vehicles, and another 8% from steel smelting.
The world's automotive industry is now undergoing a new energy vehicle revolution, electric vehicles replace the previous internal combustion engine vehicles, which contains the logic of reducing carbon emissions, but there is also the logic of industrial upgrading behind it.
At that time, the developed countries proposed the emission standard of carbon neutrality, and the industrial logic behind it was to close the door to the industrialization process through industrial upgrading, and to exclude some countries from industrialized countries forever.
Our country was the last to catch this last train, and it can be said that there will be no other industrialized countries in China in the future.
After the door of industrialization is closed, it will be beneficial to the major industrialized countries, so the major industrialized countries will firmly implement the carbon neutrality goal, and other countries can only be reduced to the first country of raw materials.
Western developed countries once tried to exclude China from industrial upgrading through carbon targets, but China cut it off.
China's photovoltaic industry accounts for 76% of the world's total, and China accounts for 80% of lithium batteries, which are essential for electric vehicles.
And China is also the world's largest producer of electric vehicles, including two-wheeled electric vehicles.
China will not give up on the goal of carbon neutrality.
China is currently the world's largest carbon emitter, and the West will not abandon this standard in order to bind China with this standard.
And in order to close the door to the industrialization process, China will not give up on this goal.
At present, China has established the world's largest carbon emission trading market, and has traded 200 million tons of carbon emission rights, with a total turnover of more than 10 billion yuan.
And as the goal of carbon control continues to advance, this transaction volume will continue to expand.
Because the atmosphere flows around the globe, carbon emissions cannot be controlled by one country.
Western developed countries adjust their carbon emission targets, and China may make some adjustments accordingly, but if Europe does not adjust on a large scale, China will not adjust on a large scale.
There are a few twists and turns, but the ultimate goal will be achieved.
Europe will continue to push forward with this goal as it recovers from the current energy crisis.
For the two-wheeled battery cars exported by our country to Europe, you can get a 20% subsidy for selling one according to the EU standard.
Germany's largest power giant, TÜV Rheinland, has already stepped up its investment in renewables, making it impossible for Europe to build new carbon-emitting power plants, at most reopening closed coal-fired power plants.
The pattern of the world's industry in general is moving towards clean energy, and the ultimate goal should be solar, hydroelectric and nuclear fusion power plants.