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In August 1949, the remnants of the Kuomintang on the mainland were basically eliminated, and the work of establishing New China was also under intense preparations.
In order to liberate the people of the northwest as soon as possible, he ordered the First Field Army to launch the Lanzhou Campaign and launched an attack on Lanzhou, the old nest of the Ma Jiajun.
As everyone knows, our party's army, whether it was the Red Army and the Eighth Route Army at the beginning, or the People's Liberation Army later, has always demanded that the troops fight should be to give preferential treatment to prisoners, even to the Japanese invaders who have committed all kinds of evil, and to give preferential treatment to prisoners who surrender their guns.
But this time, when the People's Liberation Army exterminated the Ma Jiajun, ** changed its previous magnanimity and gave an order to ***"Do not accept surrender, annihilate." ”
What kind of force is Ma Jiajun? What did they do to make *** hate them so much, regardless of their own policy of preferential treatment of prisoners, to kill them?
Due to the majority of ethnic minorities and the remoteness of the Central Plains, the northwest region has been particularly prone to the formation of separatist forces since ancient times. The modern Ma Jiajun originated from the Hui uprising during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty.
In 1863, dissatisfied with the corrupt rule of the Qing Dynasty, the Hui Ma Zhanao took the lead in raising troops against the Qing Dynasty.
The imperial court sent Zeng Guofan, the leader of the Hunan army, to suppress it, but it ended in failure. In desperation, the Qing ** recruited the Ma Jiajun, and added officials to the main generals, and the Ma Jiajun became the de facto ruler of Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and parts of Mongolia.
In the ** period, Ma Zhanao, the leader of the Ma family's army, gradually withdrew from the management core, and the descendants of the remaining two horses gradually took power, occupying Qinghai (Qingma) and Ningxia (Ningma) respectively, becoming a big warlord who dominated one side.
In 1933, Chiang Kai-shek was afraid of the power of Ma Jiajun in the northwest region, and once again ordered Sun Dianying to attack the northwest, but after decades of development, Ma Jiajun's influence penetrated very deeply, and most of the troops were father and son soldiers, and they were relatively united internally.
In addition, the Ma Jiajun developed in the nomadic area, there were more cavalry, the soldiers were also very strong, and they were very brave in battle, although the 41st Army led by Sun Dianying was well-equipped, but because they did not understand the combat environment, they still suffered defeat.
However, Ma Jiajun was also greatly injured and had to take refuge in Chiang Kai-shek. At that time, the actual ruler of Ma Jiajun was Ma Haiyan's grandson Ma Bufang, and Chiang Kai-shek appointed him as the military and political chief of the Northwest of the Kuomintang, became a senior general of the Kuomintang, and continued to maintain the hegemony of Ma Jiajun in the northwest.
So, how did Ma Jiajun get involved with the Communist Party?
In 1936, the 1st, 2nd, and 4th Front armies of the Red Army triumphantly joined forces in Huining, Gansu, and the Red Army spent more than two years and finally completed the 25,000-mile Long March after many difficulties and dangers, opening up a new world of the Chinese revolution in northern Shaanxi.
But at this time, the Red Army was facing one of the biggest problems, that is, that is"To open a lifeline on the way to the Comintern. ”Because most of the Kuomintang forces were occupied in southern China at that time, it was undoubtedly the best choice to turn the direction of opening up a communication channel to the northwest.
If you want to open up this road, you must face the Ma Jiajun, at this time the Ma Jiajun is no longer a simple local rebel army, but a powerful army with more than 200,000 troops, and with the support of Chiang Kai-shek, the level of equipment has also been greatly improved.
Compared with the Ma Jiajun, the strength of the Red Army at that time was really insignificant, and the westward advance troops composed of several main forces of the Red First and Fourth Front armies combined at that time had a total of 21,800 people, and most of the Red Army soldiers did not even have guns, so the outcome of this war seemed to be predestined.
In November 1936, the westward troops that crossed the Yellow River were officially renamed the West Route Army, with the commander-in-chief of the West Route Army and Chen Changhao as the political commissar, leading the West Route Army to victory in the first battle, occupying Wujiachuan, and also killing Ma Tingxiang, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Ma Jiajun front.
Subsequently, ** continued to order the Western Route Army, avoiding the main force of the Majia Army, advancing all the way west, directly passing through Lanzhou and Ningxia, and capturing the gateway of Liangzhou (now Wuwei), Gulang County.
After Gulang was captured by the Red Army, Ma Bufang was shocked. He knew that once Gulang was conquered by the Red Army, Liangzhou would be exposed to the Red Army, and as long as the Red Army passed Liangzhou, it would go all the way west to Xinjiang, and it would be difficult to stop the Red Army at that time.
So Ma Bufang hurriedly sent his cousin Ma Yuanhai as the first-line commander-in-chief to pursue the Western Route Army with all his might, during which the Western Route Army suffered a lot of losses, because the Ma Army was mainly cavalry, and the marching speed was very fast.
Therefore, whenever the Western Route Army arrived at a place and was just about to make repairs and make a fire for cooking, the Ma Jiajun roared from behind, directly picking up the cooking pots and bowls, and the flexible cavalry often caught the Western Route Army off guard.
In just two days, Ma Yuanhai arrived at the foot of Gulang City, with the cooperation of the fighters sent by Chiang Kai-shek, the Western Route Army had to deal with Ma Yuanhai's fierce artillery fire on the land on the one hand, and resisted the fighters in the sky on the other, which made the Red Army, which was mainly equipped with rifles, have no chance to fight back.
Fortunately, the 30th Army of the Red Army rushed to respond, and with the help of the 30th Army, the Ninth Army stationed in Gulang decided to abandon Gulang and cooperate with the 30th Army to march to Yongchang County, Liangzhou.
At this time, the Western Route Army suddenly received a telegram from the Military Commission, asking them not to continue to advance westward, but to establish a base in Liangzhou and Yongchang on the spot, creating the false impression that the Hedong Red Army was going to join the Western Route Army in order to confuse Chiang Kai-shek, but the **Military Commission did not clearly tell the Western Route Army about this plan.
Liangzhou is located in the north of the Saibei, very desolate, 20,000 troops have to consume a lot of food and clothing every day, plus different nationalities, cultural incomprehension, it is easy to produce contradictions, so the work of the Western Route Army is very difficult.
At the same time, it was impossible for the Ma Jiajun to let the Western Route Army establish a base on their territory in peace and security, and the Western Route Army fought hard with the Ma Jiajun several times without supplies and without assistance, resulting in a large-scale personnel **.
More than 7,000 of them were killed in battle, more than 12,000 were captured, a large part of them were non-combatants, and the army of more than 20,000 people was almost completely wiped out, and only more than 400 people retreated to Xinjiang.
Although the Ma Jiajun has been incorporated by Chiang Kai-shek as the regular army of the national **, the Ma family brothers have been hegemonic in the northwest for several generations, and their minds are full of feudal ideas and have no concept of a modern army, so the Ma Jiajun under their leadership is not so much an army as a bandit.
According to the international regulations of modern warfare, prisoners of war who give up resistance cannot be killed, especially non-combatants, but Ma Bufang did not take this regulation seriously at all, and directly killed more than 6,000 prisoners of war of the Western Route Army, and also indulged his officers and soldiers to insult female soldiers, which is no different from bandits who do all kinds of evil.
When the news reached Yan'an, ** was furious, but at that time, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were about to unite to resist Japan, and he could only suppress this deep hatred in his heart first.
In August 1949, the remnants of the Kuomintang on the mainland were basically eliminated, most of the country had been basically liberated, and the work of establishing New China was also under intense preparations.
In order to liberate the people of the northwest as soon as possible, the Military Commission ordered the First Field Army to march to Lanzhou, where Ma Bufang's Northwest Military and Political Chief's Office is located.
As soon as they heard that they were going to fight the Ma Jiajun, the soldiers of the First Field Army were all gearing up and enthusiastic, and the tragic and tragic scene ten years ago quickly came to mind, and they couldn't wait to avenge their dead comrades.
On the other hand, on the side of Ma Jiajun, during the more than ten years of the Anti-Japanese War, although there were some estrangements within Ma Jiajun due to various contradictions, judging from the current situation, Ma Bufang and Ma Hongkui also knew that this war between themselves and the Communist Party was inevitable. Therefore, in order to continue to protect the separatist forces of the Ma Jiajun in the northwest, Erma can only give up his previous suspicions and unite with the outside world.
At this time, they also knew that the current People's Liberation Army was no longer the weak Red Army of the past, and once they took it lightly and could not resist it, then they would never end well.
For this reason, Ma Bufang, who was the military and political chief of the northwest at the time, was strictly deployed in Lanzhou, he relied on the Yellow River in the north of Lanzhou, and the mountains on three sides in the south, which was absolutely easy to defend and difficult to attack.
In order to be foolproof, Ma Bufang also went to Ningxia to find Ningma Ma Hongkui, and applied to Chiang Kai-shek to appoint him as the deputy military and political governor of the northwest, and took the initiative to sue for peace, hoping that he could lead his troops to support Lanzhou after the war started.
Ma Hongkui knows the truth of "lips are dead and teeth are cold", if Lanzhou is not guaranteed, Ningxia will also become an isolated city. Immediately agreed.
After doing all this, Ma Bufang ordered his son Ma Jiyuan to garrison Lanzhou, and he returned to Xining, Qingma's hometown, to resist the People's Liberation Army's attack on Qinghai.
After everything was arranged, Ma Bufang thought he was foolproof, but in a word, it was called"In the face of absolute power, all efforts are in vain". At this time, the communist army has greatly improved in terms of the number of troops, equipment, and war experience, for example, the Ma Jiajun, which won with cavalry, was completely vulnerable in the face of heavy machine guns.
** By observing the terrain, he soon formulated a battle plan to capture Lanzhou, he first encircled Lanzhou with the absolute number of troops, and then assembled the main force of the First Corps to enter Qinghai and launch a roundabout offensive against Xining, which was expected by Ma Bufang in advance, from this point of view, Ma Bufang still has a certain military level.
Due to the abundant strength of the People's Liberation Army, whether it is Ma Hongkui in Ningxia or Hu Zongnan in southern Shaanxi, they are all pinned down by the People's Liberation Army, and they have no time to take care of Lanzhou. The world is reincarnated, and the danger that appeared on the Western Route Army back then will now also fall on the head of Ma Jiajun.
Under the fierce offensive of the People's Liberation Army, in just a few days, the defenders of Lanzhou City were completely annihilated and Lanzhou was liberated.
The People's Liberation Army that captured Lanzhou took a short rest and rushed to Xining, approaching the nest of Qingma, Ma Bufang knew that he was powerless to return to the sky, and fled to Guangzhou by plane alone.
But Ma Hongkui was obsessed and determined to fight to the death with the People's Liberation Army"It is necessary to give Ma Hongkui a annihilating blow, and strive to disarm all the Ningma Army, and then strive for the disarming of most of them, one adaptation, in short, the fewer troops reorganized, the better." ”
The original meaning of this sentence is definitely not not to accept surrender, but it can also be seen that *** is already very angry.
With the order of ***, on September 10, 1949, *** commanded the 19th Corps to march to Ningxia, and the soldiers shouted"Fight to Ningxia, eliminate the Ma Jiajun, and liberate the people of Ningxia!" ”The slogan is invincible.
Ma Hongkui knew that he was powerless to resist, and he couldn't afford to be sick in a hurry, and he also wanted to open it at this time, he told his two sons"If you can resist it, you can block it, but if you can't resist it, you have to find another way, and the People's Liberation Army will never stop if it doesn't occupy Ningxia." ”
In late September, seeing that there was no hope of defending the city, Ma Hongkui sent people to surrender to the People's Liberation Army on the one hand, and fled to Taiwan by plane with his son, but Ma Hongkui, who arrived in Taiwan, was bitten by Ma Bufang again, asking him to be responsible for the defeat of the war in the northwest, and Ma Hongkui, who was speechless, fled to the United States again and died of illness in Los Angeles in 1970.
And Ma Bufang is smarter than Ma Hongkui, he spent 3,000 taels ** to buy off the Kuomintang **, not only was he not held accountable, but he was also appointed as the ambassador of the Kuomintang ** to Saudi Arabia, and he did not return to China after retirement, where he spent his old age in peace.
After the founding of New China, he successively held important positions in the Northwest Field Army and Gansu Province, and made outstanding contributions to national construction and national unity.
All in all, the PLA, as the people's army, not only liberates the people's bodies, but more importantly, it must fundamentally emancipate the people's minds, and this is the way for the Communist army to win.
Just like the Battle of Lanzhou, ** once ordered the troops to ban lard and pork, which is undoubtedly a great respect for the Ma Jiajun and the local people, how can such an army not win a complete victory.