1. National flag and national emblem.
The flag of Qatar is a horizontal rectangle with a 28:11 aspect ratio. The flag is white on one side of the pole and dark brown on the other, with a jagged junction. The flag was inaugurated on 9 July 1971. White represents peace, and maroon represents wars in history. The nine sawtooth represents Qatar's ninth place in the 1916 Treaty of Protection signed with the United Kingdom.
Inaugurated in 2022, the new coat of arms showcases elements of Qatar's rich history, including the founder's sword, palm trees, the sea and a traditional dhow, all of which are dominated by maroon purple
The dhow symbolizes the pearl industry. The pearl industry is a major factor in stimulating the economic and social development of the Qatari nation. The two date palms symbolize the date palm, which is the predominantly cultivated fruit in the Middle East and North Africa. Qatar considers the two date palms to be a symbol of the food and dignity that pearls give to Qataris, as well as the country's generosity in donations. The two scimitars are believed to depict Qatar as the power of the Arab state and the protector of its people. The sea is a symbol of Qatar's abundant resources.
2. Overview. The State of Qatar has an area of 11,521 square kilometers and a population of 2.4 million people. Among them, Qataris make up about 15% of the total population, and the rest are Indians, Pakistanis, etc. The official language is Arabic and English is commonly spoken. Most of the inhabitants are Muslims. The capital is Doha, which is administratively divided into seven municipalities. The national day is December 18 and the currency is the Qatari riyal.
3. History. Qatar is part of the Arab Empire and has been in existence since the 7th century AD. In 1555, Qatar was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. In 1846, the Emirate of Qatar was established. In 1882, the British invaded, and in 1916 it became a British protectorate. On September 3, 1971, Qatar declared independence. On July 9, 1988, diplomatic relations were established with China.
Fourth, nature. Qatar is flat, mostly desert and semi-desert, slightly higher in the west. The whole territory has a tropical desert climate. The country is rich in oil and gas resources, and has the third largest natural gas reserves in the world. In addition, pearls are abundant along the coastline.
5. Economy. Qatar's economy is anchored by oil and gas, which is why it is known as the "country that floats on the oil sea". The country ranks fourth in the world in terms of natural gas exports. Its industrial sector is mainly composed of petrochemical, oil refining, fertilizer, iron and steel and other industries. In addition, there is a thriving fishing and pearling industry off the coast of Qatar.
6. Scenic spots.
The Al Zubarah archaeological site is located in the northern district of northwestern Qatar, 105 km from Doha, the capital of Qatar. The site is one of the most important and rich archaeological sites in Qatar, covering an area of up to 400 hectares, consisting of exterior walls, interior walls, separation walls, castles, palaces, cemeteries, mosques, street courtyards, and other buildings. It is an important source of insight into the lives of the locals in the past, and is also the best place to learn about the social and economic history of Zubarah in the 20th century before the discovery of oil and gas, attracting archaeologists from all over the world.