In the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chinese mainland established a railway judicial system based on the model of the former Soviet Union, and this decision injected the power of the legal system into railway management. At that time, large central enterprises in the fields of agricultural reclamation, maritime affairs, forestry, and petroleum all established their own public security and law systems to ensure the normal operation of enterprises and the strict implementation of the law. 
In the process of the construction of the railway judicial system, the Ministry of Railways Public Security Bureau system attached to the railway management system to set up a first-class public security agency, forming a strict police network. The operation system shall set up a public security bureau in each railway bureau (group company), a public security department in the railway branch, and a police team, a public security section and a public security section under the railway branch according to the needs of the work, and a public security police station in the station and freight yard. Within the scope of their respective responsibilities, these agencies maintain the law and order of the railways and the safety of transportation. The history of the railway public security system can be traced back to 1949, when the first public security bureau of the Ministry of Railways was established. However, after a series of changes and developments, the subordination and management system of the railway public security system have also been adjusted. For example, in 1954, the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Railways was merged into the Traffic Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, and then in 1970, when the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Communications were merged into the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China, the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Railways was also changed. It was not until 1975 that the Ministry of Railways was re-established, and the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Railways was also re-established. 
The reform of the railway public security system has been in progress, and personnel relations have been gradually straightened out. In 2008, the Ministry of Public Security established the Railway Public Security Bureau of the 10th Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, which was an important turning point in the railway public security system, marking that the railway public security police became a national civil servant and were recruited through the national civil service examination. This reform is of great significance to the building and improvement of the quality of the railway public security contingent. However, between 2009 and 2018, the ownership of nearly 100,000 railway police officers across the country was in a transitional period, and the Ministry of Railways authorized by the National Railway Corporation managed it on its behalf. During this period, the identity and attribution of the railway public security police underwent complex changes. Although the Ministry of Public Security is under the guidance of the Ministry of Public Security, the party and government personnel are managed by the General Railway, forming a pattern of dual management, which leads to confusion among the people about the ownership of the railway police. 
Finally on December 28, 2018, the ** Political and Legal Committee held a meeting on industry public security reform, clarifying that the railway public security is directly under the Ministry of Public Security, listed as an internal institution of the Ministry of Public Security, and no longer accepts the leadership of the Railway Corporation. This reform put an end to the history of dual management of railway public security, further straightened out personnel relations, and made the railway public security contingent more professional and standardized. 
2024 Travel Guide
On the whole, remarkable results have been achieved in the reform and development of railway public security. Through a series of reform measures and adjustments, the organizational structure, personnel relations, and management system of the railway public security contingent have been optimized and improved. However, reforms are always on the way, and some are still underway. In the future, the railway public security will continue to devote itself to improving the quality of the team and the level of law enforcement, and make greater contributions to maintaining railway public order and transportation safety.