When it comes to the change of smart cities, we might as well start with the development process of China's smart cities.
The concept of smart cities was born in Europe and the United States, but it has been carried forward in China. The concept of smart city originated from the concept of smart earth proposed by IBM in 2008, which is the product of the combination of digital city and Internet of Things, and is considered to be the direction of urban development in the information age and the trend of civilization development.
In 2012, the release of the "National Smart City Pilot Interim Management Measures" kicked off the construction of smart cities in China. Subsequently, in 2013, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development announced a list of national smart city pilots, with as many as 103 pilot cities.
In 2015, China's economic growth continued to slow down, and the construction of smart cities moved from a blind pursuit period to an implementation period, and investment in smart city construction gradually returned to rationality. After learning from the pain, in 2016, China's smart city embarked on the construction journey of a new type of smart city, opening a leap from 1 0 to 2 0, and the national "13th Five-Year Plan" proposed to build a number of exemplary new smart cities.
In 2017, more than 500 cities in China started to build smart cities or were under construction. In 2018, China accounted for 48% of the world's smart cities under construction, and the construction of smart cities is about to lead the world.
In 2020, the clarion call for "new infrastructure" sounded, and 5G, artificial intelligence, and big data ......All kinds of new technologies will usher in explosive growth, and how will smart cities, as the largest "converged infrastructure", develop?
It has to be said that 2020 is the year of acceptance of China's smart city construction.
At the beginning of 2020, the unexpected arrival of the new crown epidemic brought a big test to modern cities. In the midst of the epidemic, many smart city-related facilities have become an important starting point for prevention and control. However, while bringing speed and convenience, some facilities have been paralyzed in the pandemic.
For example, in some places, there is no information system to respond to population movement surveys, so they still have to fill in forms manually. Even in some regions with software platforms, the system will be useless for a time due to the lack of data interoperability between various departments and regions. In addition, in order to complete the task of attracting investment, some places have built many similar projects, resulting in waste of resources and unfinished projects; Some places have also established big data management bureaus, but because of the boundary of responsibilities and powers, data silos are still difficult to break; Some of the projects were reduced to empty shells when they were completed.
There are ...... weak infrastructure, widespread "data islands", difficulties in obtaining data, insufficient refinement of urban management, and insufficient cooperation among various departmentsThis series of problems exposes the problems existing in the current development of smart cities. The reason behind it: at present, the construction of smart cities in China is still stuck in the expansion of hardware facilities, and there is a lack of overall management.
In addition to the bad side, there are also good aspects. In the face of the impact of the new crown epidemic in 2020, some cities in China that have built smart cities have successfully used high-tech intelligent equipment to assist in epidemic prevention and control, such as government affairs platform, big data monitoring epidemic platform, AI body temperature detection platform, remote consultation platform, etc., as well as software and hardware equipment and facilities in logistics, daily necessities supply, medical supplies supply, waste disposal, etc., These intelligent platforms or facilities have effectively improved population flow monitoring, epidemic prevention research and development, epidemic prevention data update, The publicity of epidemic prevention measures has ensured the basic life of residents and provided strong help for the prevention and control of the epidemic.
All in all, the epidemic has become a "mirror" for the construction of smart cities in China, and these more or less reflect the achievements and drawbacks of China's smart cities since their construction. China's smart city construction has gone through three stages of development: from the decentralized construction stage of the introduction of the concept of smart city, to the standardized development stage of smart city pilot exploration, and then to officially enter the new smart city development stage of people-oriented, result-oriented, co-ordinated and intensive and collaborative innovation in 2016.
At present, it is in the stage of data-driven, integrating key technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, and 5G into the construction of new smart cities. Compared with the "smart city", it attaches more importance to the integration of top-level design and data, and the focus of development is to further strengthen the overall layout of urban intelligent facilities and the construction of common platforms, break down data silos, strengthen urban and rural co-ordination, and form an integrated operation pattern of smart cities.
In China, the characteristic achievements of smart city construction in first-tier cities are gradually emerging, and the construction of county-level cities is starting. China's smart city pilot has basically covered all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country, among which the coastal areas of the Yellow and Bohai Seas and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration are more concentrated, but the differences between the east and west are more obvious, and there are regional differences in the focus of smart city construction and development in each city.
In addition, the construction of smart cities in China is gradually sinking to the construction of grassroots communities, and the refined management of cities has become increasingly important. The epidemic has further accelerated the construction of smart cities, and it is necessary to implement them into subdivided cells such as communities and streets in all corners of the city, and take "big data + grid" as the basic process of management.