The wind of jade has been the same for thousands of years, and the same was true in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the respect for jade is even higher than that of gold. The pursuit of fashion and the social fashion of paying attention to taste have made jade a cherished object of emperors and generals, scholars and wealthy people.
Southern Song Dynasty blue and white jade lotus bud-shaped bottle unearthed from the ancestral tomb of the Southern Song Dynasty Xianchun ten years (1274) in Quzhou, Zhejiang, collected by Quzhou Museum.
After thousands of years of development, the jade of the Southern Song Dynasty became secularized. The Southern Song Dynasty developed economically, the city prospered, the commerce was developed, and the handicraft industry flourished. The consumer demand of the new class of citizens is constantly increasing, and there are many private jade mills and jade shops. According to the record of the old man in the West Lake, there is a "Qibao Society" in Lin'an, which operates jade belts, jade bowls, jade vases, jade belts, jade persuasion plates, jade Zhizhi, jade silk rings and other jade utensils, which are mostly practical utensils such as clothing, wine utensils, and flower utensils used in people's daily life.
Surrounded by tigers, the feelings are retro
With the introduction of a large number of northern handicraftsmen to the south and the introduction of production technology, the handicraft industry in the Southern Song Dynasty ushered in a new situation of collision and integration and innovation of northern and southern skills. Jade production is no exception, with distinctive characteristics of the times in terms of shape, subject matter, and ornamentation.
On the one hand, the Southern Song Dynasty jade is a natural realistic style based on bionic ware and flower and bird patterns, which is vivid, romantic and naïve, and the layout design is also influenced by the flower and bird paintings of the Song Dynasty. However, on the other hand, under the influence of the restoration of the ritual music system, guided by the academic interest of scholars and scholars, jade works showed retro characteristics, with many antique shapes such as jade stalks, jade bi, and jade belt hooks, and ornamentation such as tiger patterns, cloud patterns, and grain patterns. Among them, the jade ware of the Bihuan was originally a ritual vessel, but in the Southern Song Dynasty, it may have become a thing to convey retro feelings, and some small utensils may also be ornamented.
Southern Song Dynasty tiger pattern jade ornaments in the collection of Xinchang Museum.
Southern Song Dynasty jade is popular to be decorated with tiger stripes. There are two styles of tiger striped jade (ring) in round and oval. The tiger pattern jade oval ring unearthed from the Song tomb in Jianzhong Village, Jiangning, Nanjing, the shape is rectangular and ankle, the inner hole is oval, one side is decorated with hook cloud pattern, one side is light, and the two carved tigers are surrounded. This kind of design elements have appeared on jade pendants unearthed in the Western Han Tomb of Baoying in Jiangsu, the No. 43 Tomb of Dingzhou in Hebei (Eastern Han Dynasty), the Eastern Han Tomb in Luoyang, Henan, the Eastern Han Tomb in Hengyang, Hunan, and the Shandong Jin Tomb of Guojia Mountain outside the ** Gate in Nanjing, which can be regarded as the manifestation of the retro trend of Zhongxing in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Southern Song Dynasty jade belt unearthed from the tomb of Zhu Xiyan and his wife in Xiuning, Anhui Province, Southern Song Dynasty Ministry of Works, Anhui Museum.
The Southern Song Dynasty belt system has jade, gold, silver, gold-coated silver, rhino, rhino, horn, among them, the jade belt is very high-level, and the old can be given the jade belt. There are not many jade belts of the Southern Song Dynasty found in archaeology, there are two cases of jade belts unearthed from the tomb of Zhao Zhongyu in the fourth year of Jianyan of the Southern Song Dynasty in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province (1130) and two cases of jade belts unearthed from the tomb of Zhu Xiyan, a waiter of the Southern Song Dynasty Ministry of Industry in Xiuning, Anhui.
Warm and delicate things are matched by both men and women
Jade, crystal, agate and other beaded ornaments were unearthed in the tombs of men in the Southern Song Dynasty, indicating that they were men's pendants. In the first year of Chunxi of the Southern Song Dynasty (1174) in Xinchang Ding Village, Zhejiang, Lu Yuan's tomb unearthed a jade charm, a total of 73 round beads, and 5 pieces of jade fine carvings: turtle lotus leaves, stacked rings, stacked sheng, round pieces, rectangular pieces. Among them, the turtle tour lotus leaf is composed of turtle and lotus leaf, the tortoise shell back pattern is regular, the lotus leaf stem is distinct, and the carving is exquisite.
Southern Song Dynasty Jade Tomb Anhui Xiuning Southern Song Dynasty Ministry of Industry Lang Zhu Xiyan and his wife burial tomb unearthed Anhui Museum collection.
Anhui Xiuning Southern Song Dynasty Ministry of Labor Lang Zhu Xiyan and his wife buried a piece of jade, jade blue and white, local yellow Qin and white spots. oblate, flat-edged, straight-mouthed, thick-necked, short hooped feet, slightly outward-skimmed. The left and right sides of the neck are decorated with animal heads, and the middle hole is drilled as the mouth. The front and back sides are edged, and the two sides are decorated with opposite dragon patterns. The left and right sides of the abdomen are carved with a small dragon lying down and looking back. The front and back are carved with animal face patterns. The whole body is finely polished.
The tomb of Mu Qiyuan of the Muying family tomb of Nanjing General Mountain was unearthed.
A piece of jade tiliang is jade. High 68 cm. The body is small and large, and the whole body is decorated with dragon patterns, ears, and a gold chain is tied to the ear. It should be a relic of the Song Dynasty and reward meritorious officials.
Mu Qiyuan (?) 1630), Han Chinese. The 11th grandson of Muying, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was a native of Dingyuan, Anhui Province, and a military figure of the Ming Dynasty.
Mu Qiyuan, in the 40th year of Wanli (1612), served as the chief military officer of the governor, and in the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), he attacked the duke of Qianguo, and the chief military officer was sealed to guard Yunnan. Chongzhen died in the third year (1628), and his son Mu Tianbo succeeded to the title of Duke of Qianguo.
Zhejiang Xinchang Southern Song Dynasty trunk road five years (1169) Ji tomb unearthed a carved jade pendant, drop bead shape, the bottom end is a heart word, above a pair of mandarin ducks swim in the same direction between the lotus pond, only look back in front, look at each other in pairs. The lotus pond is full of Cigu leaves and lotus canopies, and a graceful lotus flower blooms at the top, and the space between the petals can be used to wear the system. The whole pattern is exquisitely designed, with a delicate pattern of full pond Jiao, with delicate carving and vivid image. The jade pendant with the same shape and pattern was also unearthed at the construction site of the new rock climbing field of Zhejiang Normal University in Jinhua, Zhejiang.
Southern Song Dynasty openwork jade pendant Zhejiang Xinchang Southern Song Dynasty trunk five years (1169) Ji's tomb unearthed Xinchang Museum collection.
The matter of wine is to help the fun with jade
The Song people drank more silverware, and the restaurant often entertained guests with complete sets of silver wine utensils. And it is better to drink the wine in a jade cup that seems to be transparent. Archaeological excavations include the green jade cup unearthed from the tomb of Zhu Xiyan and his wife in Xiuning, Anhui, the jade ear cup unearthed from the tomb of Yang Price and his wife in Zunyi, Guizhou, and the most ingenious and unique is the white jade lotus leaf cup unearthed from the tomb of Shi Rope ancestor in the tenth year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1274) in Quzhou, Zhejiang.
Southern Song Dynasty White Jade Lotus Leaf Cup Unearthed from the Ancestral Tomb of the Southern Song Dynasty Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1274) in Quzhou, Zhejiang, collected by the Quzhou Museum.
The overall structure is a large oval lotus leaf supported by lotus branches and Cigu flowers, forming the main body of the container; The lotus branch is curled into a circular handle, which holds a small lotus leaf with a curled edge above and becomes a lotus. Lotus incense to send wine, take the style of lotus leaves and lotus made of elephant cups, can be used in the banquet to accompany Qinghuan, help Yanxi. Xiangsheng fancy cups are quite common in gold and silver wine cups in the Southern Song Dynasty, and are the first in jade.
Southern Song Dynasty White Jade Lotus Leaf Cup Unearthed from the Ancestral Tomb of the Southern Song Dynasty Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1274) in Quzhou, Zhejiang, collected by the Quzhou Museum.
In addition to pens, ink, paper, and inkstones, there are also pen holders, paperweights, water cakes, seals, etc. Among them, jade stationery utensils are an emerging trend.
Southern Song Dynasty "Moyuan" white jade seal Nanjing Jiangning Jianzhong Village Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing 25th year (1155) tomb Nanjing Museum collection.
Southern Song Dynasty "Moyuan" white jade seal Nanjing Jiangning Jianzhong Village Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing 25th year (1155) tomb Nanjing Museum collection.
The green and white jade lotus bud-shaped bottle is like a lotus flower with buds waiting to be released.
White Jade Beast Button Print.
Green jade pen holder. Crystal five-finger mountain pen holder.
White jade rabbit-shaped paperweight.
Southern Song Dynasty Qingyutu paperweight.
The ancestral tomb of Shi Rope of the Gua Yuan Brigade of Wangjia Commune in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province was unearthed.
Southern Song Dynasty green jade lotus bud bottle.
The ancestral tomb of Shi Rope of the Gua Yuan Brigade of Wangjia Commune in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province was unearthed.
Jade serializer.
Southern Song Dynasty • "Green Jade Bowl".
Pass height 58 cm, caliber 102 cm, bottom diameter 45 cm, wall thickness 017 cm.
In 1952, the tomb of Zhu Xiyan and his wife in Xiuning County, Anhui Province was unearthed.
Collection of Anhui Provincial Museum.
Cyan, locally yellowish-brown. The ventilation is warm and crystalline, with a glass luster. The mouth of the cup is rounded, the lips are rounded, the mouth is open, the belly is deep, the insole is flat, and the soles are circled. The outsole has a concave round in the middle, rounded lips, open, deep belly, flat insoles, and circled soles. There is a concave round umbilicus in the middle of the outsole. The light is plain and has no lines, the shape is elegant, the lines are soft, and the polish is shiny. The cup is cracked.
The agate cup unearthed from the tomb of Zhu Xiyan.
The jade belt unearthed from the tomb of Zhu Xiyan The buckle in the middle has the hook moire style of the jade of the Warring States period.
The crystal wall unearthed from the tomb of Zhao Bolan.
The crystal wall unearthed from the tomb of Zhao Bolan.
The jade wall unearthed from the tomb of Zhao Bopeng.
The inscription engraved on the jade is deep and shallow, recording that period of history:
The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty respectfully repaired the Golden Jar Dojo in the inner courtyard of the Eastern Capital, set up Jiao Xie Tu, went to Xuanze, and finished the fasting work, and respectfully used the golden dragon and jade bi to report the news on the October Day of the fourth year of the ascension of the Xishan Cave Mansion.
Li Yu, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, respectfully built the Golden Urn Dojo within the palace ban of the Eastern Capital (now Yangzhou) Palace. Set Jiao to thank the heavens for the land of the Tang Dynasty, raise your head to thank the Emperor for his holy grace, and complete all matters in accordance with the Zhaijiao rituals. I would like to take the golden dragon and jade bi and throw them into the cave mansion of the West Mountain. On the day of October in the fourth year of Ascension (940 A.D.), I prayed to you. ”
Li Yu was originally the adopted son of Xu Wen, the general of Southern Wu, named Xu Zhihe, in 937 (the third year of Tianzuo), Li Yu was called the emperor, and the country name was Qi. In 939 (the third year of Shengyuan), the country was renamed Tang, and it was known as the Southern Tang Dynasty in history.
This piece of jade is an important object in the second year after the country was changed to the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Li Yu sacrificed to the sky this time, in order to thank God for giving him the land of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
The tomb of Zhao Bolan, the seventh grandson of Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty.
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