The Chinese screen is a work of art with national characteristics. It has a long history and comes in many forms. Its function, one is to cover the scene, to beautify the environment, adjust the space, and render the atmosphere; The second is to be used for partitions, such as dividing the large space into several small spaces, one room for multiple purposes, adding an artistic atmosphere to the environment.
The shape and decoration of the screen can reflect a unique national style. The materials used for the screens are wooden, bamboo, stone, jade, pottery, porcelain, copper, gilding, inlay, etc. Its functions can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the seat screen, which is placed on the table to beautify and decorate; One is the curved screen, which is a foldable screen, also known as a "movable partition".
Screens come in size. The larger one is about 2 meters high and about 5 meters long, and consists of five fans. The small screen is about 1 meter high and 2 meters long, and consists of three panels. There are also shorter and narrower screens, about 60 cm to 70 cm high and 1Around 5 meters and composed of two panels, this type of screen is often used for home furnishings.
The paintings on the screens are decorated with a variety of motifs and styles. It is dominated by landscapes, followed by people, animals, flowers, etc. Mountains and rivers are divided into close and long views. The close-up scene is mostly "Dou Fang", and only one peak, one stone or one tree and one house fall on the picture; The vista is mostly "long scrolls", with mountains, streams, smoke clouds, etc. Character paintings, such as "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Travels to Six Posts" and so on. Animal paintings such as "Double Deer Picture", "Yanju Picture" and so on. Flower and bird paintings such as "Nine Autumn Pictures", "Changchun Pictures", "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" and so on. In addition, there are themes such as "Sleeping Monk under Flowers" and "Red Cliff Night Tour".
The production of the screen includes wood carving, lacquer decoration, inlay, gilding, painting and other crafts. The patterns on the screen are expressed in auspicious homonyms or symbolic techniques. For example, bats are used to symbolize happiness and longevity, longevity peaches are used to symbolize longevity, plum blossoms and bamboo leaves are used to symbolize high and lonely cleanness. Some screens are also inscribed with aphorisms or psalms. Some screens are also carved with gold leaf or lacquered ornaments or inlaid with jade jewelry. These screens integrate carving, inlay, calligraphy, painting and other skills, and some screens or even a picture integrate a variety of skills. Therefore, the screen is also an extremely valuable work of art.
The screen is also called "painting screen" or "screen painting" in folk customs. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, due to the avoidance of the emperor, the screen was renamed "leaves". At that time, the literati liked to place several cases (i.e., the collective name of several and cases) in the room, on which were placed stationery items such as inkstones and pen holders, as well as objects such as wine glasses. In order to beautify several cases and make it easier to appreciate the calligraphy of the Right Army, they placed a rectangular or oval wooden board on several cases, which they called "Taiping", or "incense screen" and "inkstone screen". Later, the "table screen" gradually developed into a kind of utensil, and its size and size also became diversified. At the same time, some people also carved landscapes, flowers and birds and other patterns on several cases and table screens, adding to the decorative effect of the interior. Later, the "table screen" was gradually used in the decoration of indoor partitions, and developed into a kind of furnishings with both practical functions and beautifying effects.
The screens of the Ming Dynasty can be roughly divided into two types: one is the surrounding screen, which is composed of five fans. This kind of screen is mostly framed by wood, with a base and no base, and generally does not need to be painted; The other is an interstitial screen, which is mostly single, with and without seats. Interstitial screens are mostly used to decorate beds, desks, and mirror frames. Some are placed on the desk or inkstone as ornaments. The production is mostly made of inlay, and the subject matter is mostly made of turquoise, jade and precious wood.
After the Qing Dynasty, the screens were mostly made by combining relief and color painting. Most of the paintings use auspicious motifs or symbolic themes. In addition, in some places, the metal hollowing method is also used to make screens with various patterns of flowers, birds, landscapes and other patterns. This kind of screen has a landscape pattern of flowers and birds on one side, and calligraphy or inscription poems on the other side. This two-sided painted screen gives people a double aesthetic enjoyment.
In short, the screen in traditional Chinese culture is a work of art that combines practicality and appreciation. It has a wide variety of types and forms, both traditional decorative functions and modern beautifying functions. In modern interior design, if you can skillfully use screens to separate spaces and beautify the environment, you can create a unique space atmosphere.
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