Educated youthGo to the countrysideButReallyofYesYes
Some people think that this is "youth without regrets", some people think that it is a "waste of time", and some people think that it is a spiritual waste.
In 1968, such a call was issued nationwide:
Young intellectuals go to the countryside to receive re-education from the poor and middle peasants.
Since then, a total of 20 million young intellectuals across the country have put down their books, picked up hoes, and walked into the fields and mountains.
In just a few years, almost one-tenth of the urban population has been forced to the countryside, which is the largest migration in human history.
But the problem is that since the founding of New China, the country has been trying to make New China from a backward agricultural country into a modern industrial country.
However, the practice of *** is to do the opposite, and let those intellectual young people who work in industrial development go to the countryside for "labor reform", which is simply a tyrannical thing.
In this case, why let the educated youth go up the mountain? It was only at this moment that they truly realized his foresight.
YouthIntellectual youthGo to the countryside
In fact, this phenomenon appeared long before 1968, when the official call for educated youths to go to the countryside.
In 1955, ** once said: ".The countryside is a vast world, and great achievements can be made there.
As a result, many intellectuals began to take the initiative to go to the countryside and use their knowledge to change the backward production conditions in the rural areas.
For example, the barefoot doctor, who is half agricultural and half medical, is a typical representative of young intellectuals who go to the countryside and go to the countryside.
They can grow their own herbs to treat farmers and livestock, and at the same time, they can also apply their theories and practices to control pests and diseases, increase food production, and kill two birds with one stone.
This is also the original intention of organizing intellectual youth to go to the countryside.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, illiteracy in China was quite common because of the problems left over from the first period, especially in rural areasVeryand morepeopleFundamentallyNopeKnowledgewordEvenCounttechnologyNeitherYesWithout the help of knowledgeable youth, much of the productive work would have been difficult to carry out.
Of course, this was also an important reason for the long-term stagnation of rural economic development at that time.
For example, once, in a village, the villagers counted the food they planted, which should be transported to **, how much is left, everyone is you look at me, I look at you, you look at me, I look at you, and finally a student in the village who is good at arithmetic came back and solved this matter.
**After knowing this, he vigorously advocated "the sky is high and the birds fly", which led to the first batch of educated youths in the 50s of the last century.
Some people may say that when young people with knowledge go to the countryside, isn't there a shortage of people?
But the truth is, thiscitiesNot onlyNopeworkersOn the contraryThere are moreand moreofworkpeople
According to a 1957 statistic,FullcountryNewEmploymentPopulationOne thousand three hundredmillion, whileHeavy industryYesofworkPostsYetNopetoonemillionsWhat about the extra 12 million urban residents? To go up the mountains to the countryside, of course.
The reason for this was that the economy was not fast enough at that time.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was a long and tortuous process of poverty and weakness, and it was necessary to go through a long and tortuous process to achieve real transformation.
At that time, China was still dominated by agriculture, and the industrial development of the cities was very backward, and there were not enough factories or enterprises, so it was impossible to provide enough job opportunities for the educated youth.
In addition, the country had not yet implemented the family planning policy at that time, so these unemployed educated youths wanted to have children.
So much so that at that time, the population growth rate had far exceeded the rate of economic growth, and the country no longer had extra money to feed so many people.
Obviously, sending these people to the countryside will allow them to use their advanced knowledge to consolidate the agricultural foundation and enable New China to embark on the road of industrialization more quickly.
RetrofitIntellectual youth
However, if we talk about the "educated youths going to the countryside" in the 50s, it was mostly the spontaneous initiative of the young intellectuals, who cherished a great ideal and ideal to change the appearance of the rural areas.
Then, in 1968, the "educated youth went to the countryside", in comparison, was a kind of forced force.
Since that year, children throughout China have not escaped the fate of being sent to the countryside.
Even if it is an only child, or a child of a ** family, it will be sent to remote rural areas.
In addition to the above-mentioned practical factors, the more important reason why the "educated youth going to the countryside" has evolved into "large-scale compulsion" is that *** thinksAt that timeChinaAlreadyYesBourgeoisieRestorationofsigns
As *** emphasized at the time: ".RightEducated youthYesConductedPoor middle peasants againEducationThey believe that the new generation of intellectuals, in the fields of literature, art, journalism, academia, and publishing, think that they are literate and have the conditions, so they look down on the poor peasants, middle peasants, and middle peasants, seriously detach themselves from the masses of the people, and engage in petty bourgeois factions.
Therefore, these young students have become the targets of peaceful evolution and ideological infiltration by the United States and Western countries, and if left unchecked, they are likely to evolve into destabilizing factors for subverting the regime.
The concern about intellectual youth is not unreasonable, especially when the United States and Western countries are attacking us with **, it is not difficult to see that young people are the most vulnerable to being bought by Western countries.
Therefore, it was decided to send those young intellectuals who are prone to embark on the petty bourgeois line to the rural areas to receive re-education and temper themselves at the grassroots level, so that they can truly understand the sufferings of the working people of the worker and peasant class, and can they not detach themselves from the masses, deviate from the will of the people, and not override the people.
In fact, the transformation of intellectuals has been tested in Yan'an as early as the 40s of the last century. China's earliest "educated youth" isHairChairmanThe eldest sonMao Anying.
In 1945, Mao Anying, the eldest son who had been separated from *** for 20 years, returned from studying in the Soviet Union and returned to ***'s side.
Because of the revolutionary war, father and son have been separated for more than 20 years, and now they are finally reunited.
However, on the contrary, when he saw Mao AnyingI wear itononebodyUSSRCaptainofMilitary uniformsfeetonI wear itOneDoubleLeather boots, fromAirplanesonWhen I walked down, my mood became a little complicated, and I didn't seem to be very happy.
So, ** a month after Mao Anying returned to China,Just put himSendto"Labor University".
First of all, Mao Anying wears a straight Soviet military uniform, and when she talks to people, she always looks like a foreigner talking, which makes ***, a person who has taken root in China, very unhappy.
Second, Mao Anying was wearing a military uniform, leather boots, dancing, and among the Yan'an people, he was particularly conspicuous, just like a star, ** didn't like him very much, so he called Mao Anying over and reprimanded him with a face.
My Comrade Seryosha, you were in the limelight last night
When Mao Anying heard this, she suddenly didn't know what to do.
** Continue to ask, "Me."I heardYouAlsoRideZhuOldplatesofHorses, in Pagoda MountainonShow off your mightWhat about it
Mao Anying touched her head awkwardly and explained, "Commander Zhu let me ride." ”
** Immediately interrupted his words and said solemnly: "Whatever Commander-in-Chief Zhu says, you will do?" That's Old Man Zhu's horse! ”
Hearing this, Mao Anying immediately lowered her head, half a sound, ** sighed, and continued:
You have to learn from scratch, learn the style of Yan'an, and learn from China! Although Yan'an is "earthy", it is the holy land of the Chinese revolution, and your teachers are everywhere! To understand China, we must first understand the Chinese peasants and land, the Soviet Union drank milk and ate bread, and we had to learn whole grains. ”
Educated youthGo to the countrysideofPros and consGains and losses
So, Mao Anying put on his father's shabby military uniform, put on his father's old clothes, carried his bags, and brought grain seeds to the countryside, lived in a peasant's house, lived with them, and worked together.
According to the "Labor University Graduation Standards" formulated by ***,Mao Anying. YesLikeFarmersSameBlackhandsAlsoLikeFarmersSamelongFullCalluses, talentBack toHisaround
At the beginning, the people in the village felt that when the son of ** came, at most it was a formality, but I didn't expect Mao Anying to be quite capable, and there was no ambiguity at all when he did farm work, and there was nothing special about eating, wearing, and wearing.
When the farm was not working, Mao Anying took the initiative to teach the children in the village to read and write, tell them stories, and soon became very familiar, dark, and his physique became much stronger.
Seeing this scene, he said distressedly, **He was too harsh on Mao Anying, he grew up in a Kuomintang prison since he was a child, and begged in Shanghai when he was a few years old.
As a result, *** only said one sentence:"ofSonYesWhatRemarkableof
In the second year, when ** met Mao Anying, ** touched Mao Anying's hand cordially and said:
CongratulationsYouGraduationon"Labor University".This is the diploma that the "Labor University" will give you
Mao Anying understood his father's good intentions very early, he got along with the peasants day and night, and finally understood what it meant to serve the people.
Therefore, Mao Anying is actually the first batch of "experimental subjects" of the "Educated Youth Go to the Countryside" activity, and the "Educated Youth Go to the Countryside" activity 20 years later can also be seen as a continuation of an attempt.
But because of this, the number of educated youths since 1968 is too large, and how to place them is also a big problem.
After all, enthusiasm is not the only food, educated youth also need food, but in that era when the economy was almost stagnant, so much food came?
In this way, the food, clothing, housing and transportation of the educated youth have become a problem.
How are these "educated youths" doing in the countryside? At that time, many "educated youth" were reluctant to talk about it, perhaps because they were "unbearable to look back", or they really didn't know what words to use to describe the difficulties at that time.
Because the educated youth born in the city have never lived in the countryside, therefore, many of them have a feeling of not adapting to the difficult environment in the countryside, they are not used to eating, living are not used to it, coupled with the economic situation at that time, half of the educated youth, for a long time, can not be self-sufficient, often starving, even water, firewood, lamps, is a big problem.
In such a difficult environment, a group of weak scholars who are powerless have to carry hoes to do rough work, which is naturally miserable.
But as time goes by, many people have become accustomed to it, and I have to admit that the educated youth who have gone to the countryside are much stronger in their ability to survive and adapt than their peers who have lived in the city, and their arrival has indeed made this area revitalized.
It's a pity that after living in the countryside for a whilecountriesofIndustrialAgainRecoverynowPositiveOftenworkpeopleAgainGet startedMovepeople, that's itLet the educated youth return to the countryside.
In today's view, the migration of educated youth to the countryside is a special historical period, which opens up a special path for young people, although it also has a lot of controversy and "** But in that era, it was indeed the best solution.
However, we must also learn a lesson from history, and we must not let the young intellectuals separate themselves from the masses and build the country into a stronger country.