Zhong Xuan, wordsYuan Chang, a native of Yingchuan Changshe (now Changgedong, Henan), the father of Zhong Hui in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". He was a minister of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period and a famous calligrapher. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was a waiter at the Yellow Gate; When Cao Cao was in power, he was appointed as the lieutenant of the Shou Si Li, supervising the armies in Guanzhong, operating Guanzhong, recruiting and dispersing, so that production was gradually restored. After Cao Pi became the Han Dynasty, he served as a court lieutenant; After Emperor Ming ascended the throne, he moved to Taifu, known as "Zhong Taifu". Gong calligraphy, Cao Xi, Cai Yong, Liu Desheng, learn from others, and good at all bodies, especially good at official calligraphy, regular script, between the dots, there are many peculiar interests, the knot is simple and mao, out of nature, formed by the new appearance of the subordinate, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty Wang Xizhi and called "King Zhong".
There is a biography of Zhong Xiang in the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, and Zhong Xiang is also mentioned repeatedly in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Zizhi Tongjian, but the pronunciation of the "繇" of "Zhong Xuan" is not mentioned in the notes of the above three historical books, and there is no clear pronunciation in dictionaries such as "Ciyuan" and "Cihai". So what should be pronounced as the "繇" of "Zhong Xuan"? And what is the basis for this?
To this day, people debate this endlessly. At the invitation of netizens, I now do a little bit about the pronunciation of "繇" of "Zhong Xuan".
1. The basis for pronunciation
、Read yáo's history books based on
Southern Dynasty Song Liu Yiqing"The World Speaks New Language: ArrangementThere is such a passage in the book:
Emperor Wen of Jin and Er Chen shared a car, and when they called the bell, they would be carried, that is, they would drive to the commission. It is far from it, and it has arrived, because of the ridicule and said: "Why is it delayed to travel with people?" WangqingFar awayNot to. He replied: ".CorrectionYesYishi, why botherSwarms？"The emperor replied: 'GaoTsuiWhat is human? He replied: "If you don't get up to Yao Shun, you can't catch Zhou Kong, and it's also for a while."YiScholar. ”What does that mean? This passage says: Once Emperor Wen of the Jin Dynasty Sima Zhao (not called the emperor, his son Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty Sima Yan followed him as "Emperor Wen") and Er Chen (Chen Qian, Chen Tai) took a car together to call the bell to get on the bus, (they felt that if they shouted the bell meeting, the bell would immediately go out to catch up), so they did not stop, left the bell and continued to drive. By the time Zhong Hui went out, the car had already traveled far, and after Zhong Hui caught up, everyone laughed at him: "Make an appointment with someone to travel, why are you going out so slowly?" Looking back at you, it's been such a big effort, but you've beenFar awayIt's not coming yet! Zhong Hui replied, "Look at you."CorrectionThe look of love, as if you are very goodYiVirtue, and veryRealIn the same way, then why bother to ride and travel togetherSwarmsWhat about swimming? Emperor Wen of Jin asked Zhong Hui again: "Gao."TsuiWhat kind of people are they? Zhong Hui replied: "Looking up can't catch up with Yao Shun, looking down is not less than Zhou Kong, that is, there was at that time."YiVirtuous people. ”
This text is actually Emperor Wen of JinSima ZhaowithChen Qian, Chen Tai, Zhong Huito each otherFather's and grandfather's namesLaugh at each otherIt is equivalent to a child calling out to each other's fathers and grandfathersHumiliationThe other party is the same. From this point of view, this is a joke.
Let's take a look at the annotation of this text by Liang Liu Xiao of the Southern Dynasty:
Erchen, Qian and Tai Ye. Patronymic nameTsui, thereforeFar awayPlay. FatherCorrection, Emperor XuanYi, Father TaiSwarms, grandfatherSigh, so it is rewarded.What does this mean? The text of this note reads as follows:
The second Chen is Chen Qian and Chen Tai. Zhong Hui's father's name is ".Tsui", so the second Chen will take it".Far away"Come onHumiliationZhong Hui. And Chen Qian's father's name is ".Correction", Emperor Xuan of Jin (Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty Sima Yan followed him as "Emperor Xuan") Sima Yi's name was "".YiChen Tai's father's name is ".Swarms", the grandfather's name was ".Sigh(Same as).RealTherefore, the bell will be taken".Why bother with the same group？In response to Er Chen and Sima Zhao, four names were embedded in eight words (Correct, Yi, solid, groupAt the same timeTeasingSima Zhao and Er Chen, Zhong Hui is indeed powerful!
There is also about Zhonghui's brotherZhong YuThere is also a record of itZhong Hui. 's brotherZhong YuThe record of ——
Zhong Yu is Huangmenlang, an organic policeman, and sits on Yan ("Yan" through "banquet") in King Jing. Shi Chen Qunzi Xuanbo, Wu Zhouzi Yuanxia were sitting together, mocking Yu together. King Jing said: "Gao."TsuiWhat is human? He said, "Ancient times."YiScholar. Gu Xuanbo and Yuan Xia said: "Gentleman."weeksAnd not comparable,SwarmsAnd not the party. ”This passage is to say: Zhong Yu served as the waiter of the Yellow Gate, he was very alert, and once sat down for a banquet at the house of King Jing's Sima Shi. At the time, ChenSwarmssons Chen Xuanbo and WuweeksHis son Wu Yuanxia was all present, and they laughed at Zhong Yu together. King Jing Sima Shi also asked Zhong Yu (jokingly): "Gao."TsuiWhat kind of people are they? Zhong Yu replied very cleverly: "Gao Xuan is ancient."YiVirtue people. Then he looked back at Chen Xuanbo and Wu Yuanxia and said: "The gentleman unites others (weeks, Wu Yuanxia's father's name) but do not collude together, and get along with others (Swarms, Chen Xuanbo's father's name) but does not form a party for personal gain. ”
Zhong Hui's brother Zhong Yu is very shrewd and just a wordJokesKing Jing Sima Shi used very concise language to put Chen Xuanbo and Wu Yuanxia togetherTeaseGot a look.
Both of these texts are recorded in:"The World Speaks New Words"., and they all clearly explain that the "繇" of "Zhong Xuan" reads "".yáo
According to these two anecdotes recorded in the "New Words of the World", the "繇" of "Zhong Xuan" seems to be read undoubtedlyyáo"That's it.
Qing DynastyHu Mingyu's "Miscellaneous Records: Zhong Xuan".There is also a record about Zhong Xuan: "Jin Zhong Xuan, the character is Chang." Haruka, fetch'Gao Xuan, Chen Mo, and Zhang have a constant'Righteousness. "Look at the title of Hu Mingyu's book".Miscellaneous Records", that is".Correction of errors". From here, we should also conclude that the "繇" of "Zhong Xuan" should indeed be read".yáo
, read yóu's history book basis
However, it is not groundless to read the "繇" of "Zhong 繇" as "yóu", and it is made out of nothing. Ming Jiajing Ren noon"Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms".Volume XII"Ma Chaoxing Soldiers Take Tongguan".There is such a text: "Chang'an County guards Zhong Xuan, while flying to report to Cao Cao, while leading the army to resist the enemy." "Among them。Ming Xiao Liangyou and Yang Chenzheng's "Longwen Whip Shadow" rolled down You Yun: "Seal push the history, and be good at Zhong Xuan." Shao melon five colors, plum orange thousand heads. ”"The Shadow of the Dragon's Whip" is a popular Mongolian reading book in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it has a huge influence. Ming Xiao Liangyou, Yang Chenzheng"Longwen Whip Shadow" rolls down You Yun: "Seal push the history, and be good at Zhong Xuan." Shao melon five colors, plum orange thousand heads. ”"The Shadow of the Dragon's Whip" is a popular Mongolian reading book in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it has a huge influence.
Today, there are still many people who pronounce the "繇" of "Zhong 繇" as "yóu". Why is this happening? No, there is this reading method on the relevant books in history (such as the "Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Dragon Whip Shadow" mentioned here), since the relevant books have two pronunciations, people naturally take their preferences, and they love to read which tone to read, and those who understand the classics naturally have their own opinions, and they are not the same.
2. The semantic relationship between "name" and "word" is used, and the "sound" is determined by "meaning".
When we say "name" now, we actually only mean "name", because modern people generally do not have "words". The ancients were different from the modern people, they were not onlyThere are "names", "words", and "numbers".。For example, we also have people who give you "nicknames", and we will also have "big names" and "small names", and our parents call us "nicknames" or "nicknames", "nicknames", etc., which are somewhat similar to the "names", "characters" and "numbers" of the ancients.
The ancients had "name" and "character", and "name" and "character" were related to each other, such as:
The word Kongming。"Name" and "character" both take the meaning of "bright", and the meanings of "bright" and "bright" are related to each other. ,Mingliang,The word Kongming。"Name" and "character" both take the meaning of "bright", and the meanings of "bright" and "bright" are related to each other.
Cao Cao, the name Cao, the word Mengde"Name" and "word" take the meaning of "moral character". From the sentence "Xunzi" "The husband is the meaning of Decao". The senses of "" and "virtue" are also related to each other.
Zhou Yu, Ming Yu, the word Gongjin. The meaning of "name" and "character" is "beautiful jade", and the meaning is also related to each other.
According to the above simple analysis, when we read the names of ancient people, if we encounter polyphonic words, we are not sure what sound to read, a simple and effective way is to put our own".name".with him".word".By comparing them, you can determine what sound the word should be pronounced.
Such as calligraphers in the Tang DynastyLi MiThe name is secret, and the word is longHis "name" is a polyphonic word. If "secret" is pronounced as "bì", it means "the spring water trickles endlessly, and even the vastness", which coincides with the meaning of "long source", and the two are related to each other; And the pronunciation of "mì", which means "the liquid is discharged from the pores, or produced and discharged by the glands", is a verb and obviously does not correspond to the meaning of "long source". Therefore"secret" should be pronounced "bì".
3. The pronunciation of "繇" of "Zhong Xuan".
According to the characteristics of the semantic association between "name" and "character" of the ancients, it is generally possible to determine the pronunciation of polyphonic words in personal names, but in special cases, such as the "繇" of "Zhong Xuan", it is even possibleThere are two pronunciations in the historical books, and"The World Speaks New Language", "Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Longwen Whip Shadow".They are all famous books in history, and their influence is very great, so it is difficult to determine what sound to read. However, as long asThe evidence is sufficient, and the meaning is clearly distinguishedIn the end, you can still determine what sound to read!
Zhong Xuan, the name of the Xuan, the character Yuan Chang. Its "name" and "word" are all from "Lao Tzu", "the husband and things are numerous, and each returns to its roots." In the final analysis, it is said to be quiet, it is said to be reincarnated, and the sentence "reinvigorating is normal", which takes the meaning of "all things are prosperous and circulating, and it is not easy to be eternal". The river lord commented: "Yun Yun, Hua (flower) Ye Sheng." The "character" of Zhong Xuan is "Yuan Chang", which is the meaning of "Hua Yesheng" quoted here; His "name" also comes from this, and it is also the meaning of "繇". However, "繇" is a polyphonic word, pronounced "yáo" means "Hua Ye Sheng", and "yóu" has no meaning of "Hua Ye Sheng". In addition, "繇" is also pronounced as "zhòu", which means "the text of divination", which does not match "Hua Yesheng" at all.
Based on this, it can be inferred that the "繇" in "Zhong 繇" should be pronounced "yáo" instead of "yóu". List of high-quality authors